副詞子句英文(Adverb Clause)全攻略:定義、分類、用法與減縮子句詳解
什麼是副詞子句?為什麼掌握副詞子句是提升英文寫作與口說能力的關鍵?副詞子句(Adverb Clause)是英文文法中用於修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子的從屬子句,透過when、because、if、although等連接詞,為句子增添時間、原因、條件、讓步等多層次的邏輯關係。無論你是準備多益(TOEIC)、雅思(IELTS)等英文檢定,或是在職場、學術領域需要精準表達複雜概念,熟練運用副詞子句都能讓你的英文表達更加專業流暢。
然而,許多學習者在使用副詞子句時常犯下時態錯誤、標點符號誤用、或混淆三大從屬子句的問題。特別是「時間與條件子句必須用現在式代替未來式」這條規則,即使是中高階學習者也經常忽略。PREPEDU深入分析英文學習者的常見盲點,為你整理出九大類副詞子句的完整用法、30組實戰練習題,以及分詞構句簡化技巧,助你系統化掌握這項核心文法,在考試與實務溝通中展現卓越的英文實力。
- I. 什麼是副詞子句英文?定義與核心概念
- II. 副詞子句用法:位置與標點符號規則
- III. 九大類英文副詞子句連接詞詳解
- 1. 時間副詞子句(Time Adverb Clause)
- 2. 地點副詞子句(Place Adverb Clause)
- 3. 原因副詞子句(Reason Adverb Clause)
- 4. 目的副詞子句(Purpose Adverb Clause)
- 5. 結果副詞子句(Result Adverb Clause)
- 6. 條件副詞子句(Condition Adverb Clause)
- 7. 讓步/對比副詞子句(Concession/Contrast Adverb Clause)
- 8. 方式副詞子句(Manner Adverb Clause)
- 9. 比較副詞子句(Comparison Adverb Clause)
- IV. 重要注意事項:時態陷阱與特殊結構
- V. 進階:副詞子句的簡化(減縮子句與分詞構句)
- VI. 辨析:副詞子句 vs. 名詞子句 vs. 形容詞子句
- VII. 副詞子句練習題:實戰測驗與解析
- 結論
I. 什麼是副詞子句英文?定義與核心概念
副詞子句(Adverb Clause 或 Adverbial Clause)是一種從屬子句(Dependent Clause),其功能如同副詞一般,用於修飾句中的動詞、形容詞或另一個副詞,為句子增添時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式或比較等額外資訊。
結構公式:
從屬連接詞 + 主詞 + 動詞(+ 其他成分)
例如:
-
When the sun rises,birds start singing.(當太陽升起時,鳥兒開始歌唱。)
-
She studied hard because she wanted to pass the exam.(她努力讀書,因為她想通過考試。)
-
I will wait until you arrive.(我會等到你抵達。)
副詞子句本身無法獨立存在,必須依附於主要子句(Independent Clause 或 Main Clause)才能構成完整句意。這種從屬性質使它成為複句(Complex Sentence)的重要組成元素,讓句子表達更具深度與邏輯性。在英文寫作中,熟練運用副詞子句能讓你的文章結構更加緊密,邏輯關係更加清晰,是從中階邁向高階英文能力的關鍵指標。
副詞子句與副詞片語(Adverbial Phrase)的區別:
|
比較項目 |
副詞子句 |
副詞片語 |
|
結構特徵 |
包含主詞 + 動詞 |
不含動詞(或只有非限定動詞) |
|
時間表達 |
When I arrived at Taipei 101,the meeting had started.(當我抵達台北101時,會議已經開始了。) |
On my arrival at Taipei 101,the meeting had started.(在我抵達台北101時,會議已經開始了。) |
|
原因表達 |
Because she was sick with the flu,she stayed home in Xianggang.(因為她得了流感,她待在香港家中。) |
Because of her flu,she stayed home in Xianggang.(因為她的流感,她待在香港家中。) |
|
複雜度 |
較複雜,可表達完整動作與時態變化 |
較簡潔,表達狀態或情境,適合正式寫作 |
|
靈活性 |
可清楚表達主詞與時間順序 |
句子更精簡,但資訊量相對較少 |
英文各類從句總整理:子句英文全書(Clauses)定義、種類、用法與三大子句詳解
II. 副詞子句用法:位置與標點符號規則
副詞子句在句中具備靈活的位置選擇,可置於句首、句中或句尾,但不同位置搭配不同的標點符號規則。掌握這些副詞子句用法規則,能讓你的寫作更符合英文文法規範,避免常見的標點錯誤。在正式寫作與考試中,標點符號的正確使用往往是評分的重要依據。
功能說明:
-
修飾動詞:When it rains in Taipei,we stay indoors.(當台北下雨時,我們待在室內。)——副詞子句修飾動詞 stay
-
修飾形容詞:She is happy because she passed the TOEIC test.(她很開心,因為她通過了多益測驗。)——副詞子句修飾形容詞 happy
-
修飾副詞:He runs faster than Xiaowang expected.(他跑得比小王預期的還快。)——副詞子句修飾副詞 faster
-
修飾整個句子:Although the project was challenging,our team in Xianggang completed it successfully.(雖然這個專案很有挑戰性,我們在香港的團隊成功完成了。)——副詞子句修飾整個主要子句
位置與標點符號規則:
|
副詞子句位置 |
標點符號規則 |
正確範例 ✅ |
錯誤範例 ❌ |
說明 |
|
句首 |
主要子句前必須加逗號 |
Although it was raining heavily in Kaohsiung, we went hiking in the mountains.(雖然高雄下著大雨,我們還是去山上健行。) |
Although it was raining heavily in Kaohsiung we went hiking in the mountains. |
副詞子句置於句首時,需以逗號與主要子句區隔,這是正式寫作的基本規範 |
|
句尾 |
主要子句後不加逗號 |
We went hiking in the mountains although it was raining heavily in Kaohsiung.(我們去山上健行,儘管高雄下著大雨。) |
We went hiking in the mountains, although it was raining heavily in Kaohsiung. |
句尾副詞子句通常不需逗號;非正式口語可見,但正式寫作應避免 |
|
句中(較少見) |
前後皆需加逗號 |
The project, when completed next month, will benefit many communities in Taiwan.(這個專案在下個月完成時,將會造福台灣許多社區。) |
The project when completed next month will benefit many communities in Taiwan. |
插入句中的副詞子句屬補充說明,需用成對逗號標示 |
這個「句首加逗號、句尾不加逗號」的原則是副詞子句用法中最重要的標點規範,務必牢記並在寫作中正確應用。掌握這個規則,能讓你在托福(TOEFL)、雅思(IELTS)或多益(TOEIC)等英文檢定的寫作部分取得更高分數。
III. 九大類英文副詞子句連接詞詳解
副詞子句透過不同的從屬連接詞表達多樣的邏輯關係,以下系統化整理九大分類,每類皆包含豐富的副詞子句例句與實用說明,助你全面理解各類連接詞的精確用法。這些副詞子句分類涵蓋了英文表達中最常見的邏輯關係,掌握它們能大幅提升你的英文溝通能力。
1. 時間副詞子句(Time Adverb Clause)
時間副詞子句說明動作發生的時間點、時段或時間順序,是日常溝通中最常使用的副詞子句類型。這類副詞子句能清楚表達事件的先後關係、同時性或持續性。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
用法說明 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
when |
當⋯⋯時 |
表示特定時間點,可指過去、現在或未來 |
When Xiaowang arrived at the Taipei Main Station at 9 AM,his colleague was already waiting at the entrance.(當小王早上九點抵達台北車站時,他的同事已經在入口處等候了。) |
|
while |
當⋯⋯同時/然而 |
強調兩個動作同時進行,通常用進行式 |
While I was preparing the presentation materials in the office,my team members were conducting client interviews in Xianggang.(當我在辦公室準備簡報資料時,我的團隊成員正在香港進行客戶訪談。) |
|
before |
在⋯⋯之前 |
表示某動作先於另一動作發生 |
Please submit your expense reports to the accounting department before you leave for the business trip to Singapore.(在你動身前往新加坡出差之前,請將費用報告提交給會計部門。) |
|
after |
在⋯⋯之後 |
表示某動作後於另一動作發生 |
After she graduated from National Taiwan University with honors,she immediately received three job offers from tech companies.(她以優異成績從台灣大學畢業後,立刻收到三家科技公司的工作邀約。) |
|
since |
自從⋯⋯以來 |
表示從過去某時間點持續到現在,主要子句用完成式 |
I have been working at this Taipei-based startup since I moved from Tainan five years ago.(自從我五年前從台南搬來後,我就一直在這家台北的新創公司工作。) |
|
until/till |
直到⋯⋯ |
表示動作持續到某時間點才結束 |
We waited at the Taoyuan International Airport until the delayed flight from Tokyo finally landed at midnight.(我們在桃園國際機場等候,直到從東京延遲的班機終於在午夜降落。) |
|
as soon as |
一⋯⋯就 |
強調兩個動作幾乎同時發生,第二個動作緊接第一個 |
As soon as the quarterly sales report was published on the company portal,the marketing team started analyzing consumer trends.(季度銷售報告一在公司入口網站公布,行銷團隊就開始分析消費趨勢。) |
|
once |
一旦 |
表示某條件達成後的結果,強調「只要⋯⋯就」 |
Once you master these advanced Excel formulas,analyzing complex financial data will become much easier.(一旦你掌握這些進階的 Excel 公式,分析複雜的財務資料就會變得容易許多。) |
|
by the time |
到⋯⋯時候 |
表示在某時間點之前已完成,常搭配完成式 |
By the time Xiaoming arrives at the Songshan Airport,the check-in counter will have already closed.(到小明抵達松山機場的時候,報到櫃台將已經關閉了。) |
|
whenever |
每當/無論何時 |
表示任何時候都適用的情況 |
Whenever Xiaowang travels to Tainan for business meetings,he always visits his favorite beef noodle restaurant near the train station.(每當小王到台南出差開會時,他總會造訪他最喜歡的火車站附近的牛肉麵餐廳。) |
2. 地點副詞子句(Place Adverb Clause)
地點副詞子句指出動作發生的地點或位置,主要使用 where、wherever 等連接詞。這類副詞子句在描述位置關係或移動路徑時特別有用。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
用法說明 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
where |
在⋯⋯的地方 |
指出具體或抽象的地點 |
You can set up your workspace where you feel most productive in our Taipei co-working space.(你可以在我們台北共同工作空間中,在你覺得最有生產力的地方設置你的工作區域。) |
|
wherever |
無論哪裡 |
表示任何地點都適用 |
Wherever Xiaoming travels for international conferences,he always finds time to explore local markets and traditional cuisine.(無論小明到哪裡參加國際會議,他總會找時間探索當地市場和傳統美食。) |
|
anywhere |
任何地方 |
強調地點的不受限性 |
You can access the company's cloud database anywhere you have a stable internet connection.(你可以在任何有穩定網路連線的地方,存取公司的雲端資料庫。) |
|
everywhere |
到處/每個地方 |
表示所有地點 |
Everywhere Xiaowang looked in the Taipei 101 shopping mall,he saw promotional displays for the upcoming anniversary sale.(小王在台北101購物中心到處看的每個地方,都看到即將到來的週年慶促銷展示。) |
where 副詞子句的重要區分:副詞子句的 where 與形容詞子句的 where 容易混淆,關鍵區別在於:
-
副詞子句的 where:修飾動詞,表示動作發生的地點,前面沒有地點名詞. 例句:Sit where you like.(坐在你喜歡的地方。)——修飾動詞 sit
-
形容詞子句的 where:修飾地點名詞,前面必有地點名詞:This is the café where we first met.(這是我們第一次見面的咖啡廳。)——修飾名詞 café
3. 原因副詞子句(Reason Adverb Clause)
原因副詞子句解釋動作發生的原因或理由,不同連接詞具有細微的語氣差異與使用情境。掌握這些差異能讓你的表達更加精準得體。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
語氣/用法特點 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
because |
因為 |
最直接,回答 why,語氣最強 |
She stayed home from the office in Xinyi District because she was experiencing severe flu symptoms and didn't want to infect her colleagues.(她沒去信義區的辦公室待在家中,因為她出現嚴重的流感症狀,而且不想傳染給同事。) |
|
since |
既然 |
雙方已知的原因,較委婉 |
Since you're already familiar with our product development process,I'd like you to lead the training session for new team members.(既然你已經熟悉我們的產品開發流程,我希望你能主導新團隊成員的培訓課程。) |
|
as |
由於 |
較正式,常用於書面語 |
As the typhoon warning was upgraded to the highest level,all schools and offices in northern Taiwan were closed for safety.(由於颱風警報升級到最高等級,北台灣所有學校和辦公室都因安全考量而關閉。) |
|
now that |
既然(現在) |
強調新情況或最近的改變 |
Now that you've completed the advanced project management certification,you're qualified to supervise the Kaohsiung construction project.(既然你已經完成了進階專案管理認證,你就有資格監督高雄的建設專案。) |
|
seeing that |
鑒於/考慮到 |
較口語,基於觀察到的事實 |
Seeing that most customers prefer mobile payment options,we've integrated five different digital wallet systems into our platform.(鑒於大多數客戶偏好行動支付選項,我們已經將五種不同的數位錢包系統整合到我們的平台。) |
4. 目的副詞子句(Purpose Adverb Clause)
目的副詞子句表達行動的目的或意圖,說明「為了什麼」而做某事。這類副詞子句通常與情態助動詞 can、will、may 或 could、would、might 搭配使用。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
用法特點 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
so that |
為了/以便 |
最常用,口語與書面皆可 |
I'm attending evening business English classes at the Taipei Language Center so that I can communicate more effectively with our international clients.(我在台北語言中心上夜間商業英文課程,以便能與我們的國際客戶更有效地溝通。) |
|
in order that |
為了(正式) |
較正式,多用於書面語 |
The R&D team in Hsinchu Science Park documented every experiment step in order that future researchers could replicate the results accurately.(新竹科學園區的研發團隊記錄每個實驗步驟,為了讓未來的研究人員能準確重現結果。) |
|
so |
所以(口語) |
非正式,日常對話常用 |
The conference room was fully booked,so we moved the team meeting to the café downstairs.(會議室全部被預訂了,所以我們把團隊會議移到樓下的咖啡廳。) |
|
lest |
以免/唯恐 |
非常正式,文學性強,現代少用 |
She kept detailed records of all transactions lest there should be any audit discrepancies later.(她保存所有交易的詳細記錄,以免之後出現任何稽核差異。) |
5. 結果副詞子句(Result Adverb Clause)
結果副詞子句描述某個動作或狀態產生的結果,強調因果關係中的「果」。這類副詞子句使用特定的 so...that 或 such...that 結構。
結構:
so + 形容詞/副詞 + that + 主詞 + 動詞
such +(a/an)+ 形容詞 + 名詞 + that + 主詞 + 動詞
|
連接詞結構 |
中文意思 |
文法規則 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
so + adj/adv + that |
如此⋯⋯以致於 |
so 後接形容詞或副詞 |
The presentation by the Xianggang marketing team was so impressive that three major retailers immediately requested partnership proposals.(香港行銷團隊的簡報如此令人印象深刻,以致於三家大型零售商立即要求合作提案。) |
|
such +(a/an)+ n + that |
如此⋯⋯以致於 |
such 後接名詞(可含形容詞修飾) |
It was such a complex legal case that the law firm in Taipei assigned a team of seven specialists to handle it.(這是如此複雜的法律案件,以致於台北的律師事務所指派了七位專家組成的團隊來處理。) |
|
so much/many that |
如此多⋯⋯以致於 |
強調數量之多 |
Xiaoming received so many job offers from tech companies that he spent three weeks carefully evaluating each opportunity.(小明收到如此多來自科技公司的工作邀約,以致於他花了三週時間仔細評估每個機會。) |
|
such a lot of + n + that |
如此大量⋯⋯以致於 |
強調大量,較口語 |
There was such a lot of traffic on the Zhongshan Expressway that Xiaowang missed his flight to Xianggang.(中山高速公路上有如此大量的車流,以致於小王錯過了他飛往香港的班機。) |
6. 條件副詞子句(Condition Adverb Clause)
條件副詞子句設定某個條件,說明在該條件下會產生的結果。if 副詞子句是最常見也最重要的類型,在日常溝通與正式寫作中都頻繁出現。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
用法特點 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
if |
如果 |
最常用,表示可能實現的條件 |
If the Taipei office receives approval for the expansion budget next quarter,we'll hire fifteen new software engineers.(如果台北辦公室下一季獲得擴張預算的核准,我們就會聘請十五位新的軟體工程師。) |
|
unless |
除非(= if not) |
表示否定條件,語氣較強 |
You won't qualify for the senior consultant position unless you complete the required certifications by December.(除非你在十二月前完成必要的認證,否則你不會符合資深顧問職位的資格。) |
|
as long as |
只要 |
強調條件的充分性 |
You can use the company's meeting facilities as long as you book them through the online reservation system.(只要你透過線上預約系統預訂,你就可以使用公司的會議設施。) |
|
provided/ providing(that) |
假如/倘若 |
較正式,強調前提條件 |
The bank will approve your business loan application provided that you can demonstrate stable revenue for the past two years.(假如你能證明過去兩年有穩定的營收,銀行就會核准你的企業貸款申請。) |
|
in case |
以防/萬一 |
表示預防措施,強調準備 |
Xiaowang always brings backup presentation files on a USB drive in case the cloud storage system experiences connectivity issues.(小王總是用隨身碟帶著備份簡報檔案,以防雲端儲存系統遇到連線問題。) |
|
suppose / supposing(that) |
假設/假如 |
較口語,用於假設性討論 |
Suppose the investor meeting in Xianggang gets postponed,should we reschedule the product launch event as well?(假設在香港的投資者會議延期了,我們是否也應該重新安排產品發表活動?) |
深入了解以下文章中的條件句:英文條件句文法指南:詳解零到混合 5 大類型,Unless 與倒裝句型
7. 讓步/對比副詞子句(Concession/Contrast Adverb Clause)
讓步副詞子句表達「儘管如此」的概念,呈現對比或轉折的邏輯關係。這類副詞子句能讓你的論述更加周全,展現多面向的思考能力。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
用法特點 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
although |
雖然 |
最常用,正式與非正式皆可 |
Although he is the youngest team leader in the Taipei headquarters,Xiaowang has successfully managed three major projects worth over fifty million NT dollars.(雖然他是台北總部最年輕的團隊領導者,小王已經成功管理了三個價值超過五千萬新台幣的大型專案。) |
|
even though |
即使 |
語氣比 although 更強,強調對比 |
Even though it was a public holiday,Xiaoming went to the office to finalize the urgent proposal for the Xianggang client.(即使那天是國定假日,小明還是去辦公室完成給香港客戶的緊急提案。) |
|
though |
雖然(較口語) |
較非正式,口語常用 |
Though I'm extremely busy with the quarterly audit,I'll make time to attend your presentation on Thursday afternoon.(雖然我忙於季度稽核,我會抽時間參加你週四下午的簡報。) |
|
while/ whereas |
然而/反之 |
強調兩者的對比差異 |
I prefer collaborative brainstorming sessions in the Taipei office,while my colleague prefers independent research from home.(我偏好在台北辦公室進行協作腦力激盪會議,然而我的同事偏好在家獨立研究。) |
|
no matter |
不論/無論 |
與 wh- 詞連用,強調任何情況 |
No matter how challenging the negotiation process becomes,our team in Singapore remains committed to securing favorable contract terms.(不論談判過程變得多麼具挑戰性,我們在新加坡的團隊仍致力於爭取有利的合約條款。) |
|
despite the fact that |
儘管事實上 |
正式,強調事實的存在 |
Despite the fact that the product development timeline was compressed by thirty percent,the quality assurance team maintained rigorous testing standards.(儘管產品開發時程被壓縮了百分之三十,品質保證團隊仍維持嚴格的測試標準。) |
8. 方式副詞子句(Manner Adverb Clause)
方式副詞子句描述動作進行的方式或樣態,常用於比較實際情況與假設情況,或說明動作執行的特定方式。
|
連接詞 |
意思 |
用法特點 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
as if |
彷彿/好像 |
常接虛擬語氣,表示非真實情況 |
She presented the marketing strategy as if she had spent months researching consumer behavior,even though she only had one week to prepare.(她呈現行銷策略時彷彿她花了數個月研究消費者行為,儘管她只有一週時間準備。) |
|
as though |
好像/彷彿 |
與 as if 相同,可互換使用 |
The intern worked on the financial report as though his career depended on it,demonstrating exceptional attention to detail.(實習生處理財務報告時彷彿他的職涯取決於此,展現了卓越的細節關注。) |
|
as |
按照⋯⋯方式 |
表示遵循某種方式或標準 |
Please complete the expense report exactly as the accounting department demonstrated in last week's training session.(請完全按照會計部門在上週培訓課程中示範的方式完成費用報告。) |
|
the way |
以⋯⋯的方式 |
較口語,指特定的做事方法 |
She handled the difficult client negotiation the way experienced sales professionals recommend in challenging situations.(她以經驗豐富的銷售專業人士在具挑戰情況下建議的方式,處理困難的客戶協商。) |
9. 比較副詞子句(Comparison Adverb Clause)
比較副詞子句建立兩者之間的比較關係,呈現程度上的差異或相似性。這類副詞子句在分析、評估和對比時特別有用。
結構:
比較級 + than + 主詞 + 動詞
as + 原級 + as + 主詞 + 動詞
|
連接詞結構 |
意思 |
文法規則 |
副詞子句例句 |
|
than |
比 |
與比較級連用 |
Xiaowang completed the market analysis report more thoroughly than his predecessor did in the previous quarter.(小王完成市場分析報告的程度,比他的前任在上一季做的更徹底。) |
|
as...as |
和⋯⋯一樣 |
表示程度相同 |
This new project management software is as user-friendly as the development team promised during the product demonstration.(這個新的專案管理軟體和開發團隊在產品展示期間承諾的一樣易於使用。) |
|
not as/ so...as |
不如/不像⋯⋯那樣 |
表示程度較低 |
Today's sales figures are not as impressive as the results we achieved during last quarter's promotional campaign.(今天的銷售數字不如我們在上季促銷活動期間達成的結果那樣令人印象深刻。) |
|
the more...the more |
越⋯⋯越⋯⋯ |
表示正比關係 |
The more Xiaowang invests time in professional development courses,the more valuable he becomes to the company.(小王在專業發展課程上投入越多時間,他對公司就越有價值。) |
|
rather than |
而非/與其 |
表示選擇或偏好 |
The company decided to invest in employee training programs rather than simply hiring more experienced external consultants.(公司決定投資員工培訓計畫,而非只是聘請更多經驗豐富的外部顧問。) |
掌握這九大類副詞子句及其連接詞,能讓你在各種情境中精準表達複雜的邏輯關係,無論是撰寫商業報告、學術論文,或進行日常溝通,都能展現專業且流暢的英文能力。
IV. 重要注意事項:時態陷阱與特殊結構
在使用副詞子句時,最容易犯錯的地方就是英文時態的選擇,特別是在「時間副詞子句」與「條件副詞子句」中。英文有一條絕對規則必須遵守:用現在式代替未來式。這個規則是英文學習者最常忽略,卻也是考試中最常被測試的重點之一。
當副詞子句表達未來的時間或條件時,子句內必須使用現在式,而非未來式,即使主要子句使用未來式亦然。這條規則適用於所有時間連接詞(when、before、after、as soon as、until 等)與條件連接詞(if、unless、as long as 等)。
|
類型 |
正確句(現在式) |
錯誤句(未來式) |
錯誤原因說明 |
|
時間副詞子句(when) |
✅ When he arrives at the Songshan Airport tomorrow, we will start the meeting.(當他明天抵達松山機場時,我們就會開始會議。) |
❌ When he will arrive at the Songshan Airport tomorrow, we will start the meeting. |
時間副詞子句不可使用未來式 |
|
條件副詞子句(if) |
✅ If it rains in Taipei next weekend, I will stay home and finish the report.(如果下週末台北下雨,我就會待在家完成報告。) |
❌ If it will rain in Taipei next weekend, I will stay home and finish the report. |
條件副詞子句不可使用未來式 |
|
時間副詞子句(before) |
✅ Before Xiaowang leaves for the Xianggang business trip, he must submit all pending documents.(在小王動身前往香港出差之前,他必須提交所有待處理的文件。) |
❌ Before Xiaowang will leave for the Xianggang business trip, he must submit all pending documents. |
時間副詞子句不可使用未來式 |
|
時間副詞子句(as soon as) |
✅ As soon as the quarterly results are published, the stock price will react immediately.(季度業績一公布,股價就會立即反應。) |
❌ As soon as the quarterly results will be published, the stock price will react immediately. |
時間副詞子句不可使用未來式 |
|
條件副詞子句(unless) |
✅ Unless the company implements cost-cutting measures, profitability will continue to decline.(除非公司實施削減成本措施,否則獲利能力將持續下降。) |
❌ Unless the company will implement cost-cutting measures, profitability will continue to decline. |
條件副詞子句不可使用未來式 |
例外情況:名詞子句可以使用未來式
當 when 或 if 引導的是名詞子句而非副詞子句時,可以使用未來式。這是許多學習者感到困惑的地方,關鍵在於判斷子句的功能。
|
名詞子句範例(可用未來式) |
副詞子句範例(必須用現在式) |
|
區分方法:若子句可被 something、the time、the fact 等名詞取代,即為名詞子句,可用未來式;若子句修飾動詞,即為副詞子句,須用現在式。
其他時態使用注意事項:
|
使用情境 |
時態用法說明 |
英文例句 |
|
過去時間的副詞子句 |
描述過去已發生的事件時,副詞子句與主要子句皆正常使用過去式 |
When I visited Taipei last month,I stayed at a hotel near Xinyi District.(當我上個月造訪台北時,我住在信義區附近的飯店。) |
|
完成式(強調已完成) |
當要強調某動作在另一動作之前已完成時,使用現在完成式或未來完成式 |
After she has finished the project,she will take a week off.(她完成專案後就會休假一週。) |
|
完成式(By the time) |
表示在某時間點之前已完成的動作,常搭配完成式使用 |
By the time you arrive,I will have prepared everything.(到你抵達的時候,我會已經準備好一切。) |
|
持續性動作 |
當強調動作在一段時間內持續進行時,使用進行式 |
While I was working on the report,my phone kept ringing.(當我在處理報告時,我的電話一直響。) |
這條時態規則是副詞子句中最重要也最容易犯錯的地方,在多益(TOEIC)、托福(TOEFL)、雅思(IELTS)等英文檢定考試中頻繁出現,務必牢記並在寫作與口說中正確應用。
V. 進階:副詞子句的簡化(減縮子句與分詞構句)
當副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時,可將副詞子句簡化為分詞構句(Participial Phrase 或 Reduced Adverb Clause),使句子更簡潔流暢。這是進階文法技巧,掌握後能大幅提升寫作品質,讓你的英文表達更加精煉專業。在學術寫作、商業報告與正式文件中,分詞構句的使用頻率很高,是展現高階英文能力的重要指標。
簡化三步驟公式:
-
確認主詞動詞一致性:副詞子句與主要子句的主詞必須相同
-
省略連接詞與主詞:刪除從屬連接詞和副詞子句的主詞
-
改寫動詞:
副詞子句簡化對照表
|
簡化類型 |
完整副詞子句 |
簡化後的分詞構句 |
中文翻譯 |
|
主動語態(現在分詞) |
When Xiaowang walked through the Ximending shopping district,he saw a vintage bookstore. |
Walking through the Ximending shopping district,Xiaowang saw a vintage bookstore. |
當小王走過西門町購物區時,他看到一家古董書店。 |
|
Because she felt exhausted after the intensive training session,she went home early. |
Feeling exhausted after the intensive training session,she went home early. |
因為她在密集培訓課程後感到筋疲力盡,她提早回家了。 |
|
|
被動語態(過去分詞) |
When the contract was signed by both parties,it became legally binding. |
Signed by both parties,the contract became legally binding. |
當合約被雙方簽署後,它就具有法律約束力了。 |
|
Because the proposal was written in excellent English,it impressed the international investors. |
Written in excellent English,the proposal impressed the international investors. |
因為提案是以優秀的英文撰寫,它給國際投資者留下深刻印象。 |
|
|
否定形式 |
Because I did not know the conference venue address,I arrived thirty minutes late. |
Not knowing the conference venue address,I arrived thirty minutes late. |
因為我不知道會議場地地址,我遲到了三十分鐘。 |
|
As she had not completed the certification program,she wasn't eligible for the position. |
Not having completed the certification program,she wasn't eligible for the position. |
由於她還沒完成認證課程,她不符合這個職位的資格。 |
|
|
完成式(強調先後) |
After Xiaowang had finished all the client presentations,he took a week of vacation. |
Having finished all the client presentations,Xiaowang took a week of vacation. |
小王完成所有客戶簡報後,他休假了一週。 |
|
Because the team had been working overtime for three months,management approved additional compensation. |
Having been working overtime for three months,the team received additional compensation. |
由於團隊已經加班三個月,管理層批准了額外補償。 |
|
|
保留連接詞(強調邏輯) |
While Xiaoming was analyzing market data,he identified emerging consumer trends. |
While analyzing market data,Xiaoming identified emerging consumer trends. |
當小明在分析市場資料時,他發現了新興消費趨勢。 |
|
Although she was exhausted from the long flight,she attended the evening reception. |
Although exhausted from the long flight,she attended the evening reception. |
儘管她因長途飛行而筋疲力盡,她還是參加了晚間招待會。 |
掌握副詞子句的簡化技巧,能讓你的英文寫作更加精煉優雅,特別在撰寫學術論文、商業報告或正式書信時,適當使用分詞構句能展現高階的語言掌握能力,這也是多益、托福、雅思等考試寫作部分獲得高分的關鍵技巧之一。
VI. 辨析:副詞子句 vs. 名詞子句 vs. 形容詞子句
英文的三大從屬子句常讓學習者混淆,透過句法位置與功能的對比,能快速掌握它們的本質差異。理解這三類子句的區別,是建立完整英文文法體系的重要基礎,也能幫助你在閱讀複雜句子時快速分析結構。
|
子句類型 |
句法位置 |
功能 |
連接詞範例 |
例句與說明 |
|
名詞子句 |
主詞(S)、受詞(O)、補語(C)位置 |
當名詞使用,可作為句子的主要成分 |
that,whether,if,what,who,when,where,why,how |
|
|
緊接名詞後方 |
修飾名詞,提供額外描述 |
who,whom,whose,which,that,where,when |
|
|
|
副詞子句 |
句首、句中、句尾(修飾位置) |
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子 |
when,because,if,although,while,since,unless,so that |
|
進階辨析重點:
有些連接詞如 when、where 可引導不同類型的子句,判斷關鍵在於它們的功能:
-
When she arrives is uncertain.(她何時抵達不確定。)——名詞子句,作主詞
-
I remember the day when we met.(我記得我們見面的那天。)——形容詞子句,修飾 day
-
When she arrives,call me.(當她抵達時打給我。)——副詞子句,修飾 call
掌握這個對照表能幫助你在閱讀與寫作時快速判斷子句類型,避免混淆三者的用法與位置,這對於理解複雜的學術文章或撰寫結構嚴謹的正式文件都極為重要。
VII. 副詞子句練習題:實戰測驗與解析
透過系統化的練習題,你能檢視自己對副詞子句的掌握程度,從基礎到進階逐步提升實戰能力。以下提供三組共30題的副詞子句練習,涵蓋連接詞選填、句子合併與分詞構句簡化,每組練習都針對不同的學習重點設計。
1. 練習一:連接詞選填
請選擇最適合的副詞子句連接詞填入空格。
-
_______ the weather conditions were extremely unfavorable,the Taipei marathon was not cancelled.(A)Because(B)Although(C)If(D)When
-
Please notify the project manager _______ you encounter any technical difficulties with the new software system.(A)as soon as(B)unless(C)whereas(D)than
-
The company will approve your overseas training request _______ you maintain excellent performance for six consecutive months.(A)unless(B)provided that(C)while(D)so that
-
Xiaowang enrolled in advanced business English courses _______ he could communicate more effectively with international clients.(A)because(B)since(C)so that(D)as if
-
_______ I prefer working in collaborative teams,my colleague enjoys independent project work.(A)If(B)While(C)Before(D)Than
-
The construction workers continued their tasks _______ the architect was reviewing the structural blueprints.(A)while(B)because(C)so that(D)unless
-
_______ you submit the completed application form before Friday,you won't be considered for the position.(A)If(B)Although(C)Unless(D)When
-
The senior executive speaks about market trends _______ he possesses decades of industry experience.(A)as if(B)until(C)before(D)wherever
-
_______ the training program requires significant financial investment,the management approved it for all departments.(A)Unless(B)Even though(C)If(D)As soon as
-
The legal team will review the contract terms _______ all parties reach a preliminary agreement.(A)if(B)although(C)until(D)so that
2. 練習二:子句合併與改寫
請使用括號內的連接詞,將兩個句子合併為一個包含副詞子句的複句,並注意標點符號的正確使用。
-
The typhoon approached Taiwan's eastern coast. The government issued evacuation orders for coastal areas.(when)
-
Xiaoming was exhausted from the business trip. He attended the important board meeting.(although)
-
You want to advance in your career. You must continuously develop new professional skills.(if)
-
She completed the market research analysis. She presented her findings to the management team.(after)
-
The sales department meets its quarterly targets. The company will implement cost-cutting measures.(unless)
-
The product receives final quality approval. The manufacturing team will begin mass production.(as soon as)
-
Xiaowang took detailed notes during meetings. He could remember all important discussion points.(so that)
-
The transportation strike caused severe delays. Many employees worked remotely from home.(because)
-
The company expands operations. It will maintain its commitment to environmental sustainability.(wherever)
-
The financial audit team arrived at the Taipei headquarters. The accounting department had already prepared all required documents.(when)
3. 練習三:分詞構句簡化
請將下列包含副詞子句的句子簡化為分詞構句。
-
Because I didn't understand the technical specifications,I consulted with the engineering department.
-
When Xiaowang heard about the merger announcement,he immediately contacted his team members.
-
Because the quarterly report was written in comprehensive detail,it received praise from senior management.
-
While she was conducting customer interviews in Xianggang,she discovered valuable market insights.
-
Because Xiaoming was born and raised in Taipei,he has extensive knowledge of local business culture.
-
When the project proposal was finalized by the strategy team,it was submitted to the board of directors.
-
Because I felt uncertain about the investment decision,I sought advice from financial consultants.
-
When she reviewed the sales performance data,she identified significant growth opportunities.
-
Because the intern was mentored by experienced professionals,he quickly developed essential skills.
-
While I was waiting for the client meeting in the Songshan conference room,I reviewed the presentation materials.
4. 解答與深度解析
練習一解答:
-
(B)Although — 讓步副詞子句,表達「雖然天氣狀況極為不利但台北馬拉松沒有取消」的對比關係,符合邏輯。
-
(A)as soon as — 時間副詞子句,表達「一遇到技術困難就立即通知」的即時性與緊迫性。
-
(B)provided that — 條件副詞子句,表達「假如你維持優秀表現就會核准」的前提條件,較正式。
-
(C)so that — 目的副詞子句,表達「為了能更有效溝通」的明確目的,注意 so that 後接情態動詞。
-
(B)While — 讓步/對比副詞子句,表達兩種工作偏好的對比,while 在此強調差異而非時間。
-
(A)while — 時間副詞子句,表達兩個動作同時進行,建築師審查藍圖的同時工人繼續工作。
-
(C)Unless — 條件副詞子句,等於 if not,表達「除非提交申請否則不會被考慮」的否定條件。
-
(A)as if — 方式副詞子句,表達「彷彿擁有數十年經驗」的假設方式,常接虛擬語氣。
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(B)Even though — 讓步副詞子句,語氣比 although 更強,強調「即使需要大量投資仍然核准」的對比。
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(C)until — 時間副詞子句,表達「持續審查直到達成協議」的時間延續,until 強調終點。
練習二解答:
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When the typhoon approached Taiwan's eastern coast,the government issued evacuation orders for coastal areas. / The government issued evacuation orders for coastal areas when the typhoon approached Taiwan's eastern coast.(當颱風接近台灣東岸時,政府對沿海地區發布了疏散命令。/政府對沿海地區發布了疏散命令,當颱風接近台灣東岸時。)
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Although Xiaoming was exhausted from the business trip,he attended the important board meeting. / Xiaoming attended the important board meeting although he was exhausted from the business trip.(雖然小明因出差而筋疲力盡,他還是參加了重要的董事會議。/小明參加了重要的董事會議,雖然他因出差而筋疲力盡。)
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If you want to advance in your career,you must continuously develop new professional skills. / You must continuously develop new professional skills if you want to advance in your career.(如果你想在職涯中晉升,你必須持續發展新的專業技能。/你必須持續發展新的專業技能,如果你想在職涯中晉升。)
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After she completed the market research analysis,she presented her findings to the management team. / She presented her findings to the management team after she completed the market research analysis.(她完成市場研究分析後,她向管理團隊呈現她的發現。/她向管理團隊呈現她的發現,在她完成市場研究分析之後。)
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Unless the sales department meets its quarterly targets,the company will implement cost-cutting measures. / The company will implement cost-cutting measures unless the sales department meets its quarterly targets.(除非銷售部門達成季度目標,否則公司將實施削減成本措施。/公司將實施削減成本措施,除非銷售部門達成季度目標。)
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As soon as the product receives final quality approval,the manufacturing team will begin mass production. / The manufacturing team will begin mass production as soon as the product receives final quality approval.(產品一獲得最終品質核准,製造團隊就會開始大量生產。/製造團隊會開始大量生產,一旦產品獲得最終品質核准。)
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Xiaowang took detailed notes during meetings so that he could remember all important discussion points.(小王在會議期間做詳細筆記,以便他能記住所有重要的討論要點。)
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Because the transportation strike caused severe delays,many employees worked remotely from home. / Many employees worked remotely from home because the transportation strike caused severe delays.(因為交通罷工造成嚴重延誤,許多員工在家遠距工作。/許多員工在家遠距工作,因為交通罷工造成嚴重延誤。)
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Wherever the company expands operations,it will maintain its commitment to environmental sustainability. / The company will maintain its commitment to environmental sustainability wherever it expands operations.(無論公司在哪裡拓展業務,它都會維持對環境永續的承諾。/公司會維持對環境永續的承諾,無論它在哪裡拓展業務。)
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When the financial audit team arrived at the Taipei headquarters,the accounting department had already prepared all required documents. / The accounting department had already prepared all required documents when the financial audit team arrived at the Taipei headquarters.(當財務稽核團隊抵達台北總部時,會計部門已經準備好所有必要文件。/會計部門已經準備好所有必要文件,當財務稽核團隊抵達台北總部時。)
練習三解答:
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Not understanding the technical specifications,I consulted with the engineering department.(不了解技術規格,我向工程部門諮詢。)
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Hearing about the merger announcement,Xiaowang immediately contacted his team members.(聽到併購公告,小王立即聯繫他的團隊成員。)
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Written in comprehensive detail,the quarterly report received praise from senior management.(以全面細節撰寫,季度報告獲得高階管理層的讚賞。)
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Conducting customer interviews in Xianggang,she discovered valuable market insights.(在香港進行客戶訪談,她發現了寶貴的市場洞察。)
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Born and raised in Taipei,Xiaoming has extensive knowledge of local business culture.(在台北出生和成長,小明對當地商業文化有廣泛的了解。)
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Finalized by the strategy team,the project proposal was submitted to the board of directors.(由策略團隊定案,專案提案被提交給董事會。)
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Feeling uncertain about the investment decision,I sought advice from financial consultants.(對投資決策感到不確定,我向財務顧問尋求建議。)
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Reviewing the sales performance data,she identified significant growth opportunities.(審查銷售績效資料,她發現了重大的成長機會。)
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Mentored by experienced professionals,the intern quickly developed essential skills.(受到經驗豐富的專業人士指導,實習生快速發展出必要技能。)
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Waiting for the client meeting in the Songshan conference room,I reviewed the presentation materials.(在松山會議室等候客戶會議,我審閱簡報資料。)
結論
透過本文的系統化解析,你已經全面掌握副詞子句的核心概念、九大分類、實用規則與進階技巧。從基礎的「從屬連接詞 + 主詞 + 動詞」結構,到進階的分詞構句簡化,每個環節都是提升英文表達能力的關鍵階梯。無論是準備多益(TOEIC)、托福(TOEFL)、雅思(IELTS)等英文檢定,或是在職場、學術領域需要使用英文,掌握副詞子句都能讓你的表達更上一層樓。
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