英文條件句文法指南:詳解零到混合 5 大類型,Unless 與倒裝句型,附線上練習與解答

什麼是英文條件句?如何正確使用if條件句表達假設情境?英文條件句(Conditional Sentences)是用來表達「如果...就...」的假設關係句型,由條件子句(If-clause)和主要子句(Main Clause)組成。根據時間框架和真實性程度,英文條件句可分為五大類型:零條件句描述科學真理,第一條件句預測未來可能,第二條件句表達與現在相反的假設,第三條件句表達對過去的懊悔,以及混合條件句連結不同時間的假設。

許多台灣學習者在使用英文條件句時常犯的錯誤,包括在 if 子句中誤用 will,時態混淆,unless 後接否定動詞等問題。這些錯誤不僅影響考試成績,更會造成實際溝通時的誤解。掌握英文條件句不僅是通過 TOEIC,IELTS 等英語檢定的關鍵,更是職場電子郵件,學術寫作和日常對話中精準表達假設與可能性的必備技能。

本文由 PREPEDU 專業教學團隊整理,將系統性解析五大類型英文條件句的文法公式,使用時機與常見錯誤,並深入講解 unless,wish 等特殊條件結構,以及進階的倒裝句型用法。文章更提供30題分類練習題與詳細解答,幫助你透過實戰演練徹底掌握條件句的所有應用情境。

英文條件句
英文條件句
  1. I. 什麼是條件句英文​?解構英文條件句的核心——「條件」與「結果」
  2. II. 英文條件句的五大核心類型:從零到混合,逐一擊破
    1. 1. 條件句第一型態:零條件句(Zero Conditional)——描述不變的真理與事實
    2. 2. 條件句第二型態:第一類條件句 (First Conditional)——預測未來的真實可能
    3. 3. 條件句第三型態:第二類條件句(Second Conditional)——與「現在」相反的假設
    4. 4. 條件句第四型態:第三類條件句(Third Conditional)——對「過去」的懊悔與檢討
    5. 5. 條件句第五型態:混合條件句(Mixed Conditional)——跨越時空的假設情境
  3. III. 其他英文條件句結構:讓你的表達更豐富
    1. 1. 否定結構:Unless = If...Not 的用法
    2. 2. 祈願結構:Wish 的用法
    3. 3.「只要」的條件結構:As long as / So long as / Providing / Provided
    4. 4. 隱含條件:Or / Otherwise 的用法
    5. 5. 提出假設:Suppose / Supposing / What if 的用法
  4. IV. 倒裝句與英文條件句:更正式,更專業的進階用法
  5. V. 使用英文條件句時的注意事項
  6. VI. 英文條件句練習題(附詳解)
    1. 1. 練習一:動詞時態填空
    2. 2. 練習二:情境選擇題
    3. 3. 練習三:倒裝句改寫
    4. 4. 解答與分析
  7. VII. 條件句進階問答:釐清你最容易混淆的核心觀念
    1. 1. 條件句的 If 子句中,是否絕對不可以使用 will 或 would?
    2. 2. "Unless" 和 "if...not" 在語氣和用法上有什麼本質上的不同?
    3. 4. 除了廣為人知的 if 之外,還有哪些詞彙可以用來引導條件子句?
  8. 結論

I. 什麼是條件句英文​?解構英文條件句的核心——「條件」與「結果」

Conditional sentences 是什么?條件句(Conditional Sentences)是英文文法中用來表達假設情境的重要句型結構。條件句在中文裡常用「如果...就...」,「假如...那麼...」等句型來表達。

每個條件子句英文​都由兩個關鍵部分組成:條件子句(If-clause)和主要子句(Main Clause)。英文條件句基本結構:

If 子句(條件) + 主要子句(結果)= 完整的條件句

  • If 子句是提出條件或假設的從屬子句,通常以連接詞"if"開頭。

  • 主要子句則是獨立子句,描述在條件成立時會發生的結果或情況。

  • If 子句可以放在句首或句中,而主要子句始終表達句子的核心訊息。

英文條件句的語序會影響標點符號的使用,這是許多學習者容易忽略的細節:

語序

結構

範例

If 子句在句首

If + 條件,主要子句

If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我們會取消野餐。)

If 子句在句中

主要子句 + if + 條件

We will cancel the picnic if it rains tomorrow.(我們會取消野餐,如果明天下雨。)

關鍵提醒:

  • If 子句在句首時,必須在條件子句後加逗號

  • If 子句在句中時,前面不需要逗號

  • 兩種語序的意思相同,但句首的 If 子句通常更強調條件

什麼是條件句英文​?
什麼是條件句英文​?

II. 英文條件句的五大核心類型:從零到混合,逐一擊破

條件句有哪些?英文條件句根據時間框架和真實性程度,可以系統性地分為五種主要類型。每種類型都有其特定的文法結構和使用情境。接下來,你將學習從最基本的零條件句到最複雜的混合條件句,全面掌握條件句的完整體系。

英文條件句五大類型總覽表:

英文條件句

Conditional sentences 用法

時態結構(If 子句/主要子句)

真實性

零條件句(Zero Conditional - Type 0)

科學事實,普遍真理,習慣

現在簡單式/現在簡單式

100% 必然發生

第一類條件句(First Conditional - Type 1)

未來真實可能的情況

現在簡單式/will + 原形動詞

真實且可能

第二類條件句(Second Conditional - Type 2)

與現在/未來相反的假設

過去簡單式/would + 原形動詞

不太可能或虛構

第三類條件句(Third Conditional - Type 3)

與過去相反的假設

過去完成式/would have + p.p.

完全不可能(已成過去)

混合條件句(Mixed Conditional)

跨時間的假設

混合不同時態(如過去完成式/would + 原形動詞)

複合假設

1. 條件句第一型態:零條件句(Zero Conditional)——描述不變的真理與事實

零條件句(Conditional sentence type 0)用於陳述普遍真理,科學事實或習慣性行為。這種英文條件句描述的是必然發生的結果,而非可能性或假設。當條件成立時,結果百分之百會發生。

文法公式:

If + S1(主詞)+ V(s/es)(現在簡單式動詞)+ O, S2(主詞)+ V(s/es)(現在簡單式動詞)+ O

Conditional sentence type 0 用法說明:零條件句的兩個子句都使用現在簡單式,因為描述的是不受時間限制的事實。

使用時機:

闡述科學定律與普遍真理

零條件句最常用於表達不受時間影響的客觀事實。這些陳述在任何時候都成立,不帶有個人觀點或假設成分。

範例:

  • If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.(如果你將水加熱到攝氏100度,它就會沸騰。)

  • If Wang mixes yellow and blue paint, he gets green.(如果小王混合黃色和藍色顏料,他會得到綠色。)

  • If metal expands when heated, this proves thermal expansion.(如果金屬受熱膨脹,這證明了熱脹冷縮原理。)

描述個人或事物的固定習慣

除了科學真理,零條件句也能描述規律性的行為模式和個人習慣。這些英文條件句反映出穩定,可預測的因果關係。

範例:

  • If Chen drinks coffee at night, she can't sleep.(如果小陳晚上喝咖啡,她就睡不著。)

  • If my mother feels stressed, she goes for a walk in Daan Park.(如果我媽媽感到壓力,她就會去大安森林公園散步。)

  • If students in Taipei study late, they usually drink bubble tea.(如果台北的學生讀書到很晚,他們通常會喝珍珠奶茶。)

零條件句(Zero Conditional)
零條件句(Zero Conditional)

2. 條件句第二型態:第一類條件句 (First Conditional)——預測未來的真實可能

First conditional 是什麼?第一條件句(Conditional type 1)用於談論未來很有可能發生的情況。這種英文條件句表達的是真實的可能性,而非純粹假設。說話者認為條件有合理機會成立,並預測其結果。

文法公式:

If + S1(主詞)+ V(s/es)(現在簡單式動詞)+ O, S2(主詞)+ will/shall/can/may + V(原形動詞)+ O

If 後面用什麼時態?在第一條件句中,If 子句使用現在簡單式,但表達的是未來的情況。主要子句則使用 will + 原形動詞來表達未來的結果。

範例:

  • If Xiaoming studies hard for the IELTS exam,he will get a high score.(如果小明認真準備雅思考試,他會得到高分。)

  • If it rains in Taipei tomorrow,we will stay at the Xinyi shopping district.(如果明天台北下雨,我們會待在信義商圈。)

  • If Linda arrives early at Taoyuan Airport,I'll meet her at Terminal 1.(如果琳達早到桃園機場,我會在第一航廈接她。)

  • If the MRT breaks down during rush hour,thousands of commuters will be late.(如果捷運在尖峰時段故障,成千上萬的通勤族會遲到。)

深入比較:如何分辨 Zero 與 First Conditional 的使用情境?

許多學習者混淆這兩種英文條件句類型,因為它們的 If 子句結構相同。關鍵差異在於結果的確定性和時間框架。

類型

確定性

時間

範例

零條件句

必然發生(100%)

任何時候/永遠

If you heat ice, it melts.(如果你加熱冰,它就會融化。——科學事實)

第一類條件句

可能發生 (真實可能)

特定未來時刻

If you heat the oven now, the cake will bake in 30 minutes.(如果你現在加熱烤箱,蛋糕30分鐘後會烤好。——未來預測)

重要提醒:第一條件句的 If 子句雖然使用現在簡單式,但談論的是未來的情況,這就是為什麼我們說"If 條件句用法"中,If 後面不能用 will,要用現在簡單式來表達未來。

第一類條件句 (First Conditional)
第一類條件句 (First Conditional)

3. 條件句第三型態:第二類條件句(Second Conditional)——與「現在」相反的假設

Second conditional 是什么意思?第二類條件句用於描述與現在或未來事實相反的假設情況。這種英文條件句表達的是不太可能發生或完全虛構的情境,常用於想像,建議或表達願望。

文法公式:

If + S1(主詞)+ V-ed/V2(過去簡單式動詞)+ O, S2 + would/could/might/should + V(原形動詞)+ O

Conditional sentence type 2 用法說明:雖然 If 子句使用過去簡單式,但談論的是現在或未來與事實相反的情況,不是真正的過去。

範例:

  • If I were you,I would accept the job offer from that company in Hsinchu Science Park.(如果我是你,我會接受新竹科學園區那家公司的工作機會。)

  • If we won the lottery jackpot of NT$100 million,we could buy a luxury apartment in Taipei 101 area.(如果我們中了一億元台幣樂透頭獎,我們可以在台北101地區買豪華公寓。)

  • If my sister lived in Hong Kong instead of Kaohsiung,she would experience a completely different lifestyle.(如果我妹妹住在香港而不是高雄,她會體驗完全不同的生活方式。)

為什麼在假設語氣中,be 動詞推薦使用 "were"?在第二條件句中,無論主詞是什麼,傳統文法建議所有人稱的 be 動詞都使用 "were"。這是假設語氣(Subjunctive Mood)的殘留用法。雖然現代口語英文中 "If I was" 也被廣泛接受,但在正式寫作和考試中,"If I were" 仍是更標準,更安全的選擇。這個規則適用於所有使用英文條件句的正式場合。

對比範例:

  • 口語: If Daming was rich,he would help more people.(如果大明很有錢,他會幫助更多人。——較不正式)

  • 正式: If Daming were rich,he would help more people.(如果大明很有錢,他會幫助更多人。——標準用法)

第二類條件句(Second Conditional)
第二類條件句(Second Conditional)

4. 條件句第四型態:第三類條件句(Third Conditional)——對「過去」的懊悔與檢討

Third conditional 是什么?第三條件句用於談論與過去事實完全相反的情況。這種英文條件句表達的是無法改變的過去,常用於表達遺憾,後悔或假設性的歷史情境分析。

文法公式:

If + S1 (主詞)+ had + p.p.(過去分詞)+ O, S2 + would/could/might/should + have + p.p.(過去分詞)+ O

Conditional sentence type 3 用法說明:這是表達對過去遺憾最常用的英文條件句結構,兩個子句都使用完成式來強調「已經無法改變的過去」。

範例:

  • If I had studied medicine at National Taiwan University,I would have become a doctor now.(如果我當時在台灣大學讀醫學,我現在就會是醫生了。)

  • If Xiaohua had left her apartment in Zhongshan District earlier,she wouldn't have missed her flight to Tokyo.(如果小華早點離開她中山區的公寓,她就不會錯過飛往東京的班機了。)

  • If we had bought that property in Taichung ten years ago,we might have made a fortune from the real estate boom.(如果我們十年前在台中買了那棟房產,我們可能已經從房地產熱潮中賺了一大筆錢。)

使用情境:

  • 表達遺憾: If I had taken that job in Shanghai,my life would be different now.(如果我接受了上海的那份工作,我的人生現在會不一樣。)

  • 檢討決策: If the startup company had invested more in marketing,it would have succeeded in the competitive Taipei market.(如果那家新創公司在行銷上投資更多,它本會在競爭激烈的台北市場成功。)

  • 歷史假設: If the pandemic had ended sooner in 2020,millions of small businesses would have been saved.(如果2020年疫情更早結束,數百萬家小企業本可以倖存。)

第三類條件句(Third Conditional)
第三類條件句(Third Conditional)

5. 條件句第五型態:混合條件句(Mixed Conditional)——跨越時空的假設情境

混合條件句結合不同時間框架,將過去的條件與現在的結果連結,或將現在的條件與過去的結果連結。這種進階英文條件句讓你能夠表達更複雜的因果關係。

5.1. 類型一:過去的條件影響現在的結果

這是最常見的混合條件句,用於說明過去某個沒有發生的事如何影響現在的狀況。

文法公式:

If + S1(主詞)+ had + p.p.(過去分詞)+ O, S2(主詞)+ would/could/might + V(原形動詞)+ O (now/today)

範例:

  • If Teacher Wang had saved more money during his twenties in Taichung,he could travel around the world freely today.(如果王老師二十幾歲在台中時存了更多錢,他今天就能自由環遊世界了。)

  • If they had moved to Taipei City ten years ago,they would have much better job opportunities now.(如果他們十年前搬到台北市,他們現在會有更好的工作機會。)

  • If my parents had bought that apartment in Xinyi District in 2010,we would be millionaires today.(如果我父母2010年在信義區買了那間公寓,我們今天就是百萬富翁了。)

5.2. 類型二:現在的條件影響過去的結果

這種較少見的混合英文條件句,用於表達現在的狀態如何可能改變過去的結果。

文法公式:

If + S1(主詞)+ V-ed/V2(過去簡單式)+ O (now), S2(主詞)+ would/could/might + have + p.p.(過去分詞)+ O

範例:

  • If he were more careful by nature,he wouldn't have made that critical mistake in yesterday's presentation at the Nangang office.(如果他天生更謹慎,他就不會在昨天南港辦公室的簡報中犯那個重大錯誤了。)

  • If I knew her current address in Tainan,I would have visited her last week when I was there.(如果我知道她在台南的現址,我上週在那裡時就去拜訪她了。)

  • If Xiaojie were more organized as a person,she wouldn't have forgotten about the important client meeting in Kaohsiung yesterday.(如果小潔這個人更有條理,她昨天就不會忘記高雄的重要客戶會議了。)

混合條件句(Mixed Conditional)
混合條件句(Mixed Conditional)

III. 其他英文條件句結構:讓你的表達更豐富

除了使用 "if" 引導條件句,英文還有許多其他方式表達條件關係。掌握這些替代結構能讓你的英文條件句表達更加多元和自然,避免重複使用相同的句型模式。

1. 否定結構:Unless = If...Not 的用法

"Unless" 表示「除非」,等同於 "if...not",但語氣更強,更強調條件的必要性和排他性。這是英文條件句中表達否定條件的重要結構。

對照比較:

Unless 句型

If...Not 等義句

Unless you hurry to catch the 7:30 bus, you'll be late for work in Taipei.(除非你趕快搭7:30的公車,否則你上班會遲到。)

If you don't hurry to catch the 7:30 bus, you'll be late for work in Taipei.(如果你不趕快搭7:30的公車,你會遲到。)

We won't go to Kenting unless the weather forecast improves.(除非天氣預報改善,否則我們不會去墾丁。)

We won't go to Kenting if the weather forecast doesn't improve.(如果天氣預報沒有改善,我們不會去墾丁。)

Unless Xiaoming passes the TOEIC exam, he can't apply for that position.(除非小明通過多益考試,否則他不能申請那個職位。)

If Xiaoming doesn't pass the TOEIC exam, he can't apply for that position.(如果小明沒通過多益考試,他不能申請那個職位。)

使用要點:

  • Unless 本身已含否定意義,後面不可再用否定動詞

  • Unless 的語氣比 if...not 更強烈,更強調「唯一的條件」

  • 在正式警告或最後通牒中,unless 是更恰當的選擇

2. 祈願結構:Wish 的用法

"Wish" 用於表達與事實相反的願望或遺憾,其後的子句英文時態需要「退後一格」來表示假設語氣。Wish 是表達願望的特殊英文條件句結構。

Wish 的三種時態結構:

類型

句型結構

範例

對現在的願望

I wish + 過去簡單式

I wish I were taller than 180 cm.(我希望我身高超過180公分。——但我現在沒有)

Xiaolin wishes she lived in Taipei instead of a small town.(小林希望她住在台北而不是小鎮。——但她現在住小鎮)

對過去的遺憾

I wish + 過去完成式

I wish I had studied abroad at a university in the UK.(我希望我當時在英國大學留學。——但我當時沒有)

Manager Chen wishes he had invested in that technology company.(陳經理希望他當時投資了那家科技公司。——但他當時沒有)

對未來的期望

I wish + would + 原形動詞

I wish the typhoon would change direction away from Taiwan.(我希望颱風會改變方向遠離台灣。——希望未來發生)

We wish our team would win the championship next month.(我們希望我們隊下個月會贏得冠軍。——希望未來發生)

3.「只要」的條件結構:As long as / So long as / Providing / Provided

這些片語都表達「只要...就...」的意思,強調只需滿足這個條件,結果就會實現。它們都是引導英文條件句的有效連接詞。

範例:

  • You can borrow my scooter as long as you return it before 6 PM and park it at the Zhongxiao Fuxing MRT station.(只要你在下午6點前歸還並停在忠孝復興捷運站,你可以借我的機車。)

  • So long as you finish your assignment by Friday,you can enjoy the weekend at Ximending.(只要你星期五前完成作業,你就可以在西門町享受週末。)

  • We'll go hiking in Taroko Gorge providing the weather forecast shows no rain. (只要天氣預報顯示不會下雨,我們就去太魯閣峽谷健行。)

  • You can use the meeting room in our Xinyi office provided that you book it 24 hours in advance.(只要你提前24小時預約,你就可以使用我們信義辦公室的會議室。)

4. 隱含條件:Or / Otherwise 的用法

"Or" 和 "otherwise" 都表示「否則」,常用於祈使句之後,隱含一個警告性的條件。這是英文條件句的簡化表達方式。

範例:

  • Hurry up to Taipei Main Station,or you'll miss the High Speed Rail to Kaohsiung.(快點到台北車站,否則你會錯過往高雄的高鐵。)
    = If you don't hurry up to Taipei Main Station,you'll miss the High Speed Rail to Kaohsiung.

  • Study hard for your university entrance exam,otherwise you won't get into your dream school like National Taiwan University.(認真準備大學入學考試,否則你進不了像台灣大學這樣的理想學校。)
    = If you don't study hard for your university entrance exam,you won't get into your dream school.

  • Save your document every 10 minutes,or you might lose all your work if the computer crashes.(每10分鐘儲存一次你的文件,否則如果電腦當機你可能會失去所有工作。)

5. 提出假設:Suppose / Supposing / What if 的用法

這些片語常用於句首,引出一個假設性問題或情境,讓對話或討論得以展開。它們是開啟英文條件句對話的實用工具。

範例:

  • Suppose we miss the last MRT train from Tamsui. What should we do?(假設我們錯過從淡水出發的末班捷運。我們該怎麼辦?)

  • Supposing you won NT$10 million in the lottery,how would you spend it?(假設你贏了一千萬元台幣樂透,你會怎麼花?)

  • What if it rains during Xiaomei's outdoor wedding ceremony in Yangmingshan?(如果小美在陽明山的戶外婚禮時下雨怎麼辦?)

  • Suppose the typhoon hits Taipei directly next week. Should we cancel our business trip?(假設颱風下週直接襲擊台北。我們該取消商務旅行嗎?)

IV. 倒裝句與英文條件句:更正式,更專業的進階用法

在正式寫作和演說中,英文條件句可以省略 "if" 並使用倒裝結構,讓表達更加簡潔有力。這種用法常見於學術寫作,商業文件和文學作品中。

倒裝規則與範例:

類型

正常語序

倒裝語序

Type 1 倒裝 (should)

If you should need any assistance at our Taipei office,call extension 2468.

Should you need any assistance at our Taipei office,call extension 2468.(如果您在我們台北辦公室需要任何協助,請撥分機2468。)

Type 2 倒裝 (were)

If I were in Director Lin's position,I would approve the budget for the Taichung expansion.

Were I in Director Lin's position,I would approve the budget for the Taichung expansion.(如果我處於林主任的位置,我會批准台中擴展的預算。)

Type 3 倒裝 (had)

If Professor Wang had known the research results earlier,she would have published her paper before the conference.

Had Professor Wang known the research results earlier,she would have published her paper before the conference.(如果王教授更早知道研究結果,她會在研討會前發表論文。)

倒裝要點:

  • 將助動詞(should/were/had)移到句首

  • 省略 "if"

  • 主詞和動詞順序對調

  • 語意不變,但語氣更正式

  • 這是進階英文條件句的專業表達方式

實用範例:

  • Should you have any questions about our language courses at PREP,please don't hesitate to contact our Taipei branch.(如有任何關於 PREP 語言課程的疑問,請隨時與我們台北分校聯繫。)

  • Were the economic situation in Taiwan different,we might consider expanding to a second location in Taichung.(如果台灣的經濟情況不同,我們可能會考慮在台中開設第二個據點。)

  • Had we received the shipment notification from Kaohsiung Port earlier,we could have prepared the warehouse space in advance.(如果我們早點收到高雄港的出貨通知,我們本可以提前準備倉庫空間。)

V. 使用英文條件句時的注意事項

學習英文條件句時,中文母語者容易犯一些特定錯誤。了解這些常見陷阱能幫助你更精準地使用條件句。常見錯誤與正確用法:

錯誤類型

錯誤範例

正確範例

說明

在 If 子句中誤用 will

❌ If it will rain in Taipei tomorrow,we will cancel the outdoor concert at Daan Park.

✅ If it rains in Taipei tomorrow,we will cancel the outdoor concert at Daan Park.(如果明天台北下雨,我們會取消大安公園的戶外音樂會。)

If 子句表示條件,應使用現在簡單式,不用 will。是學習 If 條件句最重要的規則。

時態不一致或混淆

❌ If I have more money now,I would buy a Tesla Model 3.

✅ If I had more money now,I would buy a Tesla Model 3.(如果我現在有更多錢,我會買一輛特斯拉 Model 3。)

第二條件句的 If 子句必須使用過去簡單式來表達與現在相反的假設。

Unless 後使用否定動詞

❌ Unless Xiaozhang doesn't study harder,he will fail the National Exam.

✅ Unless Xiaozhang studies harder,he will fail the National Exam.(除非小張更認真讀書,否則他會考不過國家考試。)

Unless 已含否定意義(= if not),不需再加 not。

混合類型的時態錯配

❌ If I studied medicine at National Taiwan University,I would be a doctor yesterday.

✅ If I had studied medicine at National Taiwan University,I would be a doctor now.(如果我在台灣大學讀醫學,我現在就會是醫生了。)

過去的條件(had studied)對應現在的結果(would be now),為混合條件句正確用法。

零條件句和第一條件句混淆

❌ If water will reach 100°C,it boils.

❌ If the temperature will reach 35°C tomorrow,we will turn on the air conditioning.

✅ If water reaches 100°C,it boils.(如果水達到100°C,它就會沸騰。)

✅ If the temperature reaches 35°C tomorrow,we will turn on the air conditioning.(如果明天氣溫達到35°C,我們會開冷氣。)

科學事實用零條件句,未來預測用第一條件句,但 If 子句都用現在簡單式。

VI. 英文條件句練習題(附詳解)

透過實際練習鞏固你對英文條件句的理解。以下提供三組不同難度和類型的條件子句練習,幫助你全面掌握條件句的用法。

1. 練習一:動詞時態填空

請在括號中填入正確的動詞形式:

  1. If it __________(rain)in Taipei tomorrow,we will postpone the hiking trip to Elephant Mountain.

  2. If I __________(be)you,I would accept the job offer from that startup company in Hsinchu.

  3. If Xiaofang __________(study)harder for her final exams last semester,she would have received a scholarship.

  4. When water __________ (freeze) at 0°C, it turns into ice.

  5. If they __________(arrive)at Taoyuan Airport on time,we can start our road trip to Hualien.

  6. If Manager Chen had listened to my business advice,he __________(not make)that costly investment mistake.

  7. If we __________(have)more budget this quarter,we would hire three new engineers for our Nangang office.

  8. If you __________(heat)cooking oil above its smoking point,it becomes unhealthy.

  9. If I had known you were visiting Tainan,I __________(prepare)a tour guide itinerary for you.

  10. If Xiaowei __________(not miss)her flight from Hong Kong yesterday,she would be attending the conference in Taipei now.

2. 練習二:情境選擇題

請選擇最適合的英文條件句類型填入空格:

  1. "I didn't bring an umbrella to Ximending,so I got completely soaked."
    → If I __________ an umbrella,I __________ soaked.
    A)brought / wouldn't get
    B)had brought / wouldn't have gotten
    C)bring / won't get

  2. "I don't have NT$50,000 to buy the latest iPhone model."
    → If I __________ NT$50,000,I __________ the latest iPhone.
    A)have / will buy
    B)had / would buy
    C)had had / would have bought

  3. "You should hurry to catch the MRT,or you'll be late for your interview at the Xinyi District office."
    → If you __________ to catch the MRT,you __________ late for your interview.
    A)don't hurry / will be
    B)didn't hurry / would be
    C)hadn't hurried / would have been

  4. "It's a scientific fact: plants die without sufficient sunlight and water."
    → If plants __________ sufficient sunlight and water,they __________.
    A)won't get / die
    B)don't get / die
    C)didn't get / would die

  5. "Maybe a typhoon will hit Taiwan next week. If so,all flights from Taoyuan Airport will be cancelled."
    → If a typhoon __________ Taiwan next week,all flights __________ cancelled.
    A)hits / will be
    B)hit / would be
    C)had hit / would have been

  6. "I studied computer science at National Chiao Tung University in the past, so I'm a software engineer now."
    → If I __________ computer science,I __________ a software engineer now.
    A)didn't study / wouldn't be
    B)hadn't studied / wouldn't be
    C)don't study / won't be

  7. "Teacher Lin always feels exhausted when she doesn't get at least 7 hours of sleep."
    → If Teacher Lin __________ at least 7 hours,she __________ exhausted.
    A)doesn't get / feels
    B)didn't get / would feel
    C)hadn't gotten / would have felt

  8. "I'm not the CEO of this company,so I can't approve your promotion request immediately."
    → If I __________ the CEO,I __________ your promotion request immediately.
    A)am / will approve
    B)were / would approve
    C)had been / would have approved

  9. "We might visit Sun Moon Lake this weekend if the weather forecast shows clear skies."
    → If the weather forecast __________ clear skies,we __________ to Sun Moon Lake.
    A)shows / will go
    B)showed / would go
    C)had shown / would have gone

  10. "Xiaojun didn't save money when he worked in Shanghai,so he's struggling financially in Taipei now."
    → If Xiaojun __________ money when he worked in Shanghai,he __________ financially now.
    A)saved / wouldn't struggle
    B)had saved / wouldn't be struggling
    C)saves / won't struggle

3. 練習三:倒裝句改寫

請將以下英文條件句改寫為倒裝句:

  1. If you should have any problems with our online learning platform at PREP,contact our technical support team immediately.

  2. If I were as wealthy as those entrepreneurs in Taipei 101,I would donate generously to charitable organizations.

  3. If Director Wang had known about the urgent client meeting,he would have returned from his business trip to Kaohsiung earlier.

  4. If they should arrive at our Taichung branch before 10 AM,please ask them to wait in the VIP lounge.

  5. If we were to win first place in the startup competition,we would use the prize money to expand our operations.

  6. If you had told me about the deadline extension earlier,I could have submitted a more comprehensive proposal.

  7. If she were the project manager for this campaign,she would implement a completely different marketing strategy.

  8. If the company had invested in AI technology five years ago,it would have dominated the market by now.

  9. If you should need any assistance during your visit to our Xinyi headquarters,feel free to ask our reception staff.

  10. If I had been properly informed about the visa requirements,I would have prepared all necessary documents for my trip to Hong Kong.

4. 解答與分析

練習一解答:

  1. rains(第一條件句 - 未來真實可能)

  2. were(第二條件句 - 假設語氣用 were,不論主詞)

  3. had studied (第三條件句 - 過去事實相反)

  4. freezes(零條件句 - 科學事實,兩個子句都用現在簡單式)

  5. arrive(第一條件句 - If 子句用現在簡單式表未來)

  6. wouldn't have made (第三條件句 - 過去假設的結果)

  7. had(第二條件句 - 與現在相反的假設)

  8. heat(零條件句 - 普遍真理)

  9. would have prepared(第三條件句 - 過去的假設結果)

  10. hadn't missed(混合條件句 - 過去條件影響現在結果)

練習二解答:

  1. B(第三條件句 - 過去事實相反:沒帶傘→被淋濕)

  2. B(第二條件句 - 現在事實相反:沒錢→買不起)

  3. A(第一條件句 - 未來真實預測)

  4. B(零條件句 - 科學真理/普遍事實)

  5. A(第一條件句 - 對未來的真實預測)

  6. B(混合條件句 - 過去的學習決定影響現在的職業)

  7. A(零條件句 - 描述習慣性結果)

  8. B(第二條件句 - 與現在事實相反的假設)

  9. A(第一條件句 - 未來可能發生的計畫)

  10. B(混合條件句 - 過去沒存錢影響現在的財務狀況)

練習三解答:

  1. Should you have any problems with our online learning platform at PREP,contact our technical support team immediately.

  2. Were I as wealthy as those entrepreneurs in Taipei 101,I would donate generously to charitable organizations.

  3. Had Director Wang known about the urgent client meeting,he would have returned from his business trip to Kaohsiung earlier.

  4. Should they arrive at our Taichung branch before 10 AM,please ask them to wait in the VIP lounge.

  5. Were we to win first place in the startup competition,we would use the prize money to expand our operations.

  6. Had you told me about the deadline extension earlier,I could have submitted a more comprehensive proposal.

  7. Were she the project manager for this campaign,she would implement a completely different marketing strategy.

  8. Had the company invested in AI technology five years ago,it would have dominated the market by now.

  9. Should you need any assistance during your visit to our Xinyi headquarters,feel free to ask our reception staff.

  10. Had I been properly informed about the visa requirements,I would have prepared all necessary documents for my trip to Hong Kong.

VII. 條件句進階問答:釐清你最容易混淆的核心觀念

掌握基本用法後,讓我們深入探討一些進階問題,幫助你建立更完整的英文條件句知識體系。

1. 條件句的 If 子句中,是否絕對不可以使用 will 或 would?

一般教學中,我們說英文條件句的 If 子句不能用 will,但實際上在某些特殊情境下是可以的。當 will 表達「意願」而非「未來時態」時,可以出現在 If 子句中。

可以使用 will 的情境:

表達意願或堅持

  • If you will wait a moment at our Zhongshan branch reception,I'll check the inventory status for you.(如果你願意在我們中山分店接待處等一下,我會幫你查詢庫存狀況。)

  • If Manager Li will insist on implementing this policy at our Taichung office,he must first consult with the HR department.(如果李經理堅持要在我們台中辦公室實施這項政策,他必須先諮詢人資部門。)

禮貌請求

  • If you will follow me to the conference room on the 15th floor,I'll introduce you to our CEO.(如果您願意跟我到15樓的會議室,我會介紹您認識我們的執行長。)

  • If you will join me for a brief meeting in my office, we can discuss the project details.(如果您願意跟我到我的辦公室開個簡短會議,我們可以討論專案的細節。)

重點: 這裡的 will 不是表示未來時態,而是表達「意願,堅持或禮貌請求」的情態動詞。在標準的英文條件句時態用法中,If 子句仍然不使用 will 作為單純的未來標記。

2. "Unless" 和 "if...not" 在語氣和用法上有什麼本質上的不同?

雖然 unless 在大多數英文條件句中可以替換為 if...not,但兩者在語氣強度和使用場合上有細微差異。

語氣差異:

  • Unless 語氣更強,強調「唯一的例外條件」,帶有「除此之外別無他法」的意味

  • If...not 語氣相對中性,單純表達否定條件

對照範例:

  • Unless you apologize to Xiaochen sincerely,I won't forgive you for what happened at the Taipei party. (除非你真誠地向小陳道歉,否則我不會原諒你在台北派對上發生的事。——強調道歉是唯一出路)

  • If you don't apologize to Xiaochen,I won't forgive you. (如果你不向小陳道歉,我不會原諒你。——中性陳述)

使用建議: 當你想在英文條件句中強調「這是唯一的條件」或「別無選擇」時,使用 unless 能傳達更強烈的訊息。在正式警告或最後通牒時,unless 是更好的選擇。

4. 除了廣為人知的 if 之外,還有哪些詞彙可以用來引導條件子句?

英文中有許多詞彙和片語能夠引導英文條件句,讓你的表達更加多元。這些替代詞彙根據其語意可以分為幾類:

表達「只要」的詞彙

  • As long as:As long as you maintain a GPA above 3.5 at National Taiwan University,you'll keep your scholarship.(只要你在台灣大學保持GPA 3.5以上,你就能保有獎學金。)

  • So long as:So long as we support each other through difficult times,our friendship will last forever.(只要我們在困難時期互相支持,我們的友誼就會永遠持續。)

  • Providing / Provided (that):You can work remotely from Tainan provided that you attend all online meetings from our Taipei headquarters.(只要你參加我們台北總部的所有線上會議,你就可以在台南遠距工作。)

表達「除非」的詞彙

  • Unless:Unless Xiaoming improves his TOEIC score to 800,he can't qualify for the international exchange program.(除非小明把多益成績提升到多益 800 分,否則他無法符合國際交換計畫資格。)

表達「假設」的詞彙

  • Suppose / Supposing:Suppose we get stuck in traffic on Freeway No. 1,what alternative route should we take to reach Taichung?(假設我們在國道一號塞車,我們該走什麼替代路線到台中?)

  • In case:Take an extra power bank in case your phone battery dies during the music festival at Kaohsiung.(帶個額外行動電源,以防你的手機在高雄音樂祭期間沒電。)

  • On condition (that):I'll lend you my car on condition that you return it with a full tank of gas and park it at my apartment in Banqiao.(我會把車借給你,條件是你加滿油後停在我板橋的公寓。)

表達「無論」的詞彙

  • Whether...or...:Whether you agree with the company's decision or not,the new policy will be implemented at all branches across Taiwan.(無論你是否同意公司決定,新政策都會在全台灣所有分店實施。)

  • Even if:Even if it rains heavily during the Dragon Boat Festival,the races at Tamsui River will still proceed.(即使端午節期間下大雨,淡水河的龍舟比賽仍會進行。)

表達「一...就...」的詞彙

  • As soon as:As soon as I receive my salary from the Taipei office,I'll transfer the money to pay my rent in Xinyi District.(我一收到台北辦公室的薪水,就會轉帳付信義區的房租。)

  • The moment / The minute:The moment Professor Chen entered the lecture hall at National Taiwan University,all students immediately stopped chatting.(陳教授一走進台灣大學的講堂,所有學生立刻停止聊天。)

  • Once:Once you understand the basic grammar of English conditional sentences,advanced structures become much easier to learn.(一旦你理解英文條件句的基本文法,進階結構就會變得容易學習很多。)

結論

英文條件句是表達假設,可能性和因果關係的強大工具。從描述科學真理的零條件句,到表達遺憾的第三條件句,再到複雜的混合條件句,每種類型都有其獨特的功能和使用情境。透過本指南的系統學習和充分練習,你已經建立了堅實的英文條件句知識基礎。

記住,熟練掌握英文條件句不僅能提升你的文法正確性,更能讓你精準表達複雜的思想和假設情境。從 Conditional sentence type 0 的普遍真理,到 Conditional sentence type 1 2 3 的不同時態和假設程度,每一種英文條件句都是精準溝通的關鍵工具。持續練習條件子句,在實際溝通中靈活運用這些結構,你的英文表達能力將會大幅提升。

對 IELTS 或 TOEIC 考試結構感到陌生?考試當天的不確定感會影響你的表現。PREPEDU 的 Test Practice 提供真實模擬環境,讓你在實戰前熟悉題型和時間限制。

系統收錄超過 1,000 道練習題,定期更新以反映最新考試趨勢。AI 引擎分析你的錯誤,針對弱點提供改進方案。進度追蹤系統將你的成長數據化,讓進步一目了然。

現在開始練習,在考試中展現實力。立即體驗 PREPEDU 的雅思真題多益測驗試題

黃秋賢
Product Content Admin

你好!我叫黃秋賢。現在在網站 prepedu.com 的部落格擔任產品內容經理。

我有超過5年的英語、韓語等外語自學經驗,並準備過 IELTS、TOEIC、TOPIK 等考試,累積了豐富的實戰知識,也曾協助數千位在語言學習上遇到困難的人。希望以上的分享能幫助大家在家中更有效率地自學!

評論評論

0/300 個字元
Loading...
PREP PTE. LTD.

統一企業編號:202227322W
地址:114 LAVENDER STREET, #11-83 CT HUB 2, SINGAPORE (338729)

認證機構
DMCA protect