Was Were 用法全攻略:從基礎 be 動詞文法到假設語氣陷阱,一文搞定!

Was Were 用法有什麼差別?什麼時候該用哪一個? 這是無數英語學習者在寫作與備考中反覆遇到的問題。簡單來說,was 與 were 都是 be 動詞的過去式:was 對應單數主詞(I、He、She、It),were 對應複數主詞(We、You、They)。掌握這個基本規則,是正確運用 Was Were 用法的第一步。

然而,真正讓人栽跟頭的,往往不是基礎配對,而是「If I were you」這樣的句子——明明主詞是 I,為什麼卻要用 were?這個看似矛盾的用法背後,隱藏著英語假設語氣的核心邏輯,也是 IELTS 寫作與 TOEIC 文法題中最常見的失分陷阱之一。許多學習者學了多年英語,仍在這個細節上反覆出錯,原因正是缺乏系統性的理解框架。

PREPEDU 整理了這篇完整攻略,從 was/were 的主詞一致性規則、五大句型結構(描述狀態、過去進行式、被動語態、存在句型、間接引語),到假設語氣與願望句的高階用法,逐層拆解。文末附有 30 道分層練習題與詳細解析,涵蓋基礎選擇、時態填充與假設語氣改錯,幫助你將規則真正內化,在考試與日常寫作中都能精準、自信地使用。

Was Were 用法全攻略
Was Were 用法全攻略

I. Was Were 用法:什麼時候用 was?什麼時候用 were?

理解 Was Were 文法的第一步,是掌握 be 動詞的完整時態變化。Be 動詞是英語中變化形式最豐富的英文動詞,依照時態與人稱呈現不同樣貌。Was Were 用法的核心差別在於主詞的人稱與數量——兩者都是 be 動詞的過去式,選錯動詞,整個句子的語法結構就會崩潰,因此主詞一致性是不可忽視的根基。

以下是 be 動詞依人稱與時態的完整對照,幫助你建立清晰的系統觀念:

主詞

現在式

過去式

現在完成式

過去完成式

I

am

was

have been

had been

You

are

were

have been

had been

We

are

were

have been

had been

They

are

were

have been

had been

He / She / It

is

was

has been

had been

由此可見,was 與 were 並非孤立的詞,而是整個 be 動詞系統中過去時態的核心。掌握這張表,就掌握了英語時態的基本骨架。

Was Were 用法:什麼時候用 was?什麼時候用 were?
Was Were 用法:什麼時候用 was?什麼時候用 were?

1. Was Were 用法——單數人稱:I / He / She / It 搭配 Was

Was 是 be 動詞在過去式中對應單數主詞(第一人稱 I 及第三人稱單數 He / She / It)的形式,用於描述過去的狀態、身份或位置。

結構: 

主詞(I / He / She / It / 單數名詞)+ was + 補語或地點

肯定句、否定句與疑問句對照:

句型

結構

範例

肯定句

主詞 + was + 補語

She was a journalist.(她是一名記者。)

否定句

主詞 + was not (wasn't) + 補語

He wasn't at home last night.(他昨晚不在家。)

疑問句

Was + 主詞 + 補語?

Was it raining in Taipei this morning?(今早台北有在下雨嗎?)

在 Was Were 用法中特別需要留意:I 雖然是第一人稱,卻搭配 was 而非 were——這是初學者最易混淆的地方。唯一的例外出現在假設語氣(詳見第 III 章)。

2. Was Were 用法——複數人稱:We / You / They 搭配 Were

Were 是 be 動詞在過去式中對應複數主詞(We / They)及第二人稱(You)的形式,無論 You 指單一個人或一群人,一律使用 were。

結構: 

主詞(We / You / They / 複數名詞)+ were + 補語或地點

肯定句、否定句與疑問句對照:

句型

結構

範例

肯定句

主詞 + were + 補語

We were classmates at the language centre.(我們是語言中心的同班同學。)

否定句

主詞 + were not (weren't) + 補語

They weren't ready for the TOEIC test.(他們還沒準備好參加 TOEIC 考試。)

疑問句

Were + 主詞 + 補語?

Were you at the seminar in Taipei last Friday?(你上週五在台北的研討會上嗎?)

在 Was Were 文法中,You 的規則最值得特別記住:無論 you 指的是一個人還是一群人,永遠配 were,不存在例外。

  • We were both surprised when Xiaoyu scored 850 on the TOEIC exam.(小玉在 TOEIC 考試中拿到 850 分時,我們兩個都大吃一驚。)

  • You were the most dedicated student in our IELTS preparation class last semester.(你是上學期 IELTS 備考班裡最認真的學生。)

  • They were already waiting outside the examination hall when the doors opened at 8:30 AM.(早上八點半大門打開時,他們早已等在試場外面了。)

II. Was Were 用法深度解析:後面加什麼?五大常見句型全覽

理解主詞規則之後,下一步是認識 Was Were 用法中最核心的五種句型結構——每一種都有固定的語法公式與語義功能,學習時應將兩者一併掌握。

1. Was Were 用法(一):後接名詞、形容詞或介系詞片語,描述過去狀態

Was Were 用法中最基礎的一類,描述過去某個時間點主詞的「是什麼」(身份)、「怎麼了」(狀態)或「在哪裡」(位置),是 be 動詞作為主要動詞的核心功能。

結構:

  • 主詞 + was/were + 名詞(表身份)

  • 主詞 + was/were + 形容詞(表狀態或性質)

  • 主詞 + was/were + 介系詞片語(表位置,如 in, at, on 引導的地點)

功能

例句

描述情緒

Xiaolan was visibly anxious before her IELTS interview.(小嵐在 IELTS 面試前明顯很緊張。)

描述職業

They were English teachers at a training centre in Hong Kong.(他們是香港某培訓中心的英語老師。)

描述外表

He was tall and broad-shouldered, easy to spot in a crowd.(他身材高挑、肩膀寬闊,在人群中很容易辨認。)

描述地點

We were at the National Palace Museum in Taipei that afternoon.(那天下午我們在台北故宮博物院。)

描述特質

The reading passage was unexpectedly challenging for most test takers.(這篇閱讀文章對多數考生來說意外地艱難。)

重要補充: 當 be 動詞後方接介系詞片語(如 in Hong Kong、at the library、on the rooftop)時,表達的是「在某地」的含義,而非身份描述。這是初學者常忽略的 be 動詞第三種功能。

例句:Xiaowang was at the PREP learning centre in Taipei yesterday afternoon for a mock TOEIC session.(小王昨天下午在台北的 PREP 學習中心參加 TOEIC 模擬考試。)

2. Was Were 用法(二):過去進行式——Was/Were + V-ing

Was Were 用法的第二類為過去進行式,描述「過去某一個特定時間點正在進行的動作」,常與 when 或 at + 時間點連用,強調動作的持續性而非結果。

結構: 

主詞 + was/were + 動詞-ing(+ when/at + 時間點)

情境

例句

過去某時刻的進行動作

He was reviewing his TOEIC vocabulary notes at 10 PM last night.(昨晚十點,他正在複習 TOEIC 詞彙筆記。)

兩個同時進行的動作

While Xiaoyu was practising IELTS writing, her classmates were discussing the reading strategies.(小玉在練習 IELTS 寫作的同時,她的同學們正在討論閱讀技巧。)

背景動作被打斷

We were walking through Ximending when the typhoon alert was announced.(颱風警報發布時,我們正走在西門町。)

過去簡單式的關鍵區別: 過去進行式(was/were + V-ing)強調動作「正在進行中」;過去簡單式(動詞過去式)強調動作「已完成」。

3. Was Were 用法(三):被動語態——Was/Were + 過去分詞(V-pp)

Was Were 用法的第三類為被動語態,說明「過去某動作被施加於主詞上」,強調承受者而非執行者,常見於 IELTS 學術寫作與 TOEIC 閱讀文章中。

結構:

主詞 + was/were + 過去分詞(+ by + 動作執行者)

主動語態

被動語態

The examiner told Xiaoming to speak louder.(考官叫小明講大聲一點。)

Xiaoming was told to speak louder by the examiner.(小明被考官叫去講大聲一點。)

Someone built this library in 1960.(某人在 1960 年建造了這座圖書館。)

This library was built in 1960.(這座圖書館建於 1960 年。)

The teachers praised all the students who passed the IELTS test.(老師們稱讚了所有通過 IELTS 考試的學生。)

All the students who passed the IELTS test were praised by the teachers.(所有通過 IELTS 考試的學生都被老師們稱讚了。)

Was 與 Were 在被動句中的選擇方式: 完全取決於主詞的單複數,與動作本身無關。主詞是單數就用 was,主詞是複數就用 were。

Was Were 用法深度解析:後面加什麼?五大常見句型全覽
Was Were 用法深度解析:後面加什麼?五大常見句型全覽

4. Was Were 用法(四):存在句型——There was / There were

Was Were 用法的第四類為存在句型,描述過去某地點或某情境中「有」某人或某物,是英語中表達存在與數量最常見的固定結構之一。

結構:

There + was/were + 名詞

此處最重要的原則是:was 還是 were,取決於 there 後方的名詞單複數,而非 there 本身。

判斷依據

例句

後方名詞為單數 → was

There was only one seat left when Xiaolan arrived at the examination hall.(小嵐抵達考場時,只剩一個座位了。)

後方名詞為複數 → were

There were more than three hundred candidates registered for the TOEIC exam that Saturday.(那個星期六有超過三百名考生報名參加 TOEIC 考試。)

後方名詞為不可數名詞 → was

There was no time left to revise the essay before the IELTS writing test ended.(IELTS 寫作考試結束前,已經沒有時間修改文章了。)

否定形式: There wasn't(沒有,單數)/ There weren't(沒有,複數)

  • There wasn't a single grammar mistake in Xiaowang's writing paper.(小王的寫作試卷上一個文法錯誤都沒有。)

  • There weren't enough practice materials available for the new TOEIC format at that time.(當時沒有足夠的練習材料可用於新的 TOEIC 題型。)

5. Was Were 用法(五):間接引語中的時態回移

Was Were 用法中最容易被忽視的進階類型,正是出現在間接引語(間接報導)的時態回移情境中。當直接引語轉換為間接引語(間接報導)時,若主要動詞是過去式(如 said、told、asked),則引語中的 is/are 需回移為 was/were。

結構:

主詞 + said/told/asked + that + 主詞 + was/were + ...

直接引語

間接引語

Xiaoyu said, "I am ready for the exam."(小玉說:「我準備好考試了。」)

Xiaoyu said that she was ready for the exam.(小玉說她準備好考試了。)

The teacher said, "The results are out."(老師說:「成績出來了。」)

The teacher said that the results were out.(老師說成績出來了。)

這一規則在 IELTS 寫作與 TOEIC 文法題型中頻繁出現,是提升答題準確率不可忽視的知識點。

III. 進階與特殊案例:攻克 Was Were 用法中最難的環節

掌握基礎規則之後,真正讓學習者在考試中失分的,往往是以下三個高階情境。這些屬於 Was Were 用法中較為複雜的層次,需要從語義邏輯層面理解,而非死記規則。這三種用法都涉及英語的「虛擬語氣」(Subjunctive Mood),也就是用動詞的特殊形式來表達「與現實不符的情境」。

1. 假設語氣(If...):為什麼 I 也可以配 Were?

在 Was Were 用法的進階層次中,假設語氣(Subjunctive Mood)是最關鍵的一環,用於表達「假設、願望、想像中的情境」,而非描述真實發生的事。在第二條件句(If 子句描述與現在相反的假設)中,所有主詞後方一律使用 were,而非 was,這是正式語法的固定規則。

結構:

If + 主詞 + were + 補語,主詞 + would/could/might + 動詞原形

例句

說明

If I were you, I would sign up for the PREP IELTS preparation course right away.(如果我是你,我會馬上報名 PREP 的 IELTS 備考課程。)

現實:我不是你

If Xiaoming were taller, he might feel more confident during job interviews.(如果小明再高一點,他在求職面試時可能會更有自信。)

現實:小明沒那麼高

If it were possible to retake only the writing section, Xiaoyan would not hesitate.(如果只重考寫作那個部分是可行的,小燕不會猶豫。)

現實:無法只重考單項

這些句子描述的是「現實中不成立的條件」,因此動詞形式刻意與現實脫鉤,以 were 標示「非現實性」。在正式寫作與 IELTS、TOEIC 考試中,使用 was 會被視為語法錯誤。

as if / as though 的假設語氣用法

同樣屬於假設語氣的還有 as if(好像)與 as though(彷彿)引導的子句。當描述的情況與現實不符時,子句中同樣使用 were:

  • He talked as if he were a fluent English speaker, though he had only studied for six months.(他說話的樣子彷彿是流利的英語使用者,但他其實只學了六個月。)

  • She acted as though the exam result were not important to her at all.(她表現得好像考試成績對她完全不重要。)

2. 願望句(I wish...):表達對過去或現狀的遺憾

Was Were 用法的另一個高階陷阱出現在 wish 句型中——wish 後方的子句遵循假設語氣規則,用於表達「對現狀的遺憾」或「對過去的惋惜」。強制使用 were 的時機,是當 wish 表達「現實中不存在的願望」時。

結構:

主詞 + wish(es) + 主詞 + were + 補語(對現狀的遺憾)

例句:

  • I wish I were more fluent in English during conversations with foreign clients.(我希望我在和外國客戶交談時英語能更流利。)

  • Xiaolan wishes she were in Hong Kong right now to attend the IELTS award ceremony.(小嵐希望她現在能在香港,親自出席 IELTS 頒獎典禮。)

若要表達對過去已發生之事的遺憾,則改用 had been(過去完成式),而非 were:I wish I had been more careful during the TOEIC listening section last week.(我希望上週在 TOEIC 聽力部分時能更加謹慎。)

3. Was Were 用法演變:現代英語中 I was 能替代 I were 嗎?

語言隨時代演進,Was Were 用法也不例外。在現代英語的非正式口語中,「If I was you」的說法已被廣泛使用,尤其在英式英語的日常對話中並不罕見。然而,這並不代表兩者可以互換,特別是在考試與正式場合中。

情境

建議用法

說明

正式寫作(學術、商業)

If I were you...

符合規範語法,評分者認可

IELTS 寫作考試

If I were you...

Task 2 使用 were,有助維持語法分數

TOEIC 文法選擇題

If I were you...

考題標準答案為 were

日常口語

If I was / were 皆可接受

母語者兩者均使用

實用建議: 在寫作與任何考試情境中,始終堅持使用 were。這樣既符合語法規範,也能在評分者面前展現對英語精確度的掌控力。

進階與特殊案例:攻克 Was Were 用法中最難的環節
進階與特殊案例:攻克 Was Were 用法中最難的環節

IV. Was Were 用法實戰演練:練習題 30 道(附解答與詳解)

以下 Was Were 練習題組分為三個層次,共 30 題。建議先獨立作答,再對照解析,才能達到最佳學習效果。每一道題後均附有詳細說明,協助你理解選擇背後的語法邏輯,而非單純記憶答案。

1. 基礎篇:主詞動詞一致性選擇題

以下題目測試你對 Was Were 用法中主詞一致性規則的掌握程度,從括號中選出正確答案。

  1. Xiaoming ___(was / were)the top scorer at the TOEIC test centre in Taipei last month.

  2. All of my classmates ___(was / were)absent on the day of the mock IELTS exam.

  3. The listening section of the TOEIC test ___(was / were)harder than I expected.

  4. You ___(was / were)the only candidate who finished the reading section early.

  5. It ___(was / were)a clear, sunny morning when the IELTS results were announced.

  6. We ___(was / were)exhausted after the four-hour writing and speaking assessment.

  7. She ___(was / were)Xiaoyu's closest friend during their time studying in Hong Kong.

  8. The registration fees for the examination ___(was / were)higher last year than they are now.

  9. He ___(was / were)the only student in the class with prior experience in academic writing.

  10. I ___(was / were)completely unprepared for the indirect speech questions on the grammar test.

解答與詳解:

題號

答案

語法說明

1

was

主詞 Xiaoming 為單數名詞 → was

2

were

主詞 All of my classmates 為複數 → were

3

was

主詞 The listening section 為單數 → was

4

were

主詞 You → 永遠配 were,無論單複數

5

was

主詞 It(單數代名詞)→ was

6

were

主詞 We(複數)→ were

7

was

主詞 She(第三人稱單數)→ was

8

were

主詞 The registration fees 為複數名詞 → were

9

was

主詞 He(第三人稱單數)→ was

10

was

主詞 I → 過去簡單式中搭配 was(注意:假設語氣才用 were)

2. 進階篇:時態與語態填充題

以下題目進一步測試 Was Were 用法在過去進行式、被動語態與存在句型中的應用,根據括號中的提示填入正確的動詞形式。

  1. The IELTS score report ___(write)by the test administrator and sent out within two weeks.(被動語態)

  2. Xiaowang and his study partner ___(review)grammar notes when the power went out in their Taipei apartment.(過去進行式)

  3. There ___ a long queue outside the examination centre in Hong Kong at 7:30 AM.(存在句,單數)

  4. All of the answer sheets ___(collect)by the invigilators at exactly 12 noon.(被動語態,複數)

  5. Xiaoyan ___(practise)her pronunciation in front of the mirror when her roommate knocked on the door.(過去進行式)

  6. There ___ several unfamiliar vocabulary items in the reading passage that morning.(存在句,複數)

  7. The IELTS candidates ___(escort)to their seats by the examination staff before the test began.(被動語態,複數)

  8. I ___(wait)at the reception desk of the British Council in Hong Kong for nearly forty minutes.(過去進行式)

  9. There ___ only one grammar question in the entire TOEIC Part 5 set that Xiaoming could not answer.(存在句,單數)

  10. The listening scripts ___(not distribute)to the candidates until after the test was completely over.(被動語態,否定,複數)

解答與詳解:

題號

正確答案

語法說明

1

was written

單數主詞 The IELTS score report → was + V-pp

2

were reviewing

複數主詞 Xiaowang and his study partner → were + V-ing

3

was

There + was(後方 a long queue 為單數名詞片語)

4

were collected

複數主詞 All of the answer sheets → were + V-pp

5

was practising

單數主詞 Xiaoyan → was + V-ing

6

were

There + were(後方 several unfamiliar vocabulary items 為複數)

7

were escorted

複數主詞 The IELTS candidates → were + V-pp

8

was waiting

單數主詞 I → was + V-ing

9

was

There + was(後方 only one grammar question 為單數)

10

were not distributed

複數主詞 The listening scripts → were + not + V-pp

3. 挑戰篇:假設語氣改錯題

以下題目專門針對 Was Were 用法中最易出錯的假設語氣情境,每句各含一個錯誤,請找出並改正,同時說明語法原因。

  1. If I was you, I would choose the PREP IELTS course with the personalized AI learning path.

  2. Xiaoyan wishes she was currently living in Taipei rather than studying abroad alone.

  3. If Xiaoming was a bit more confident in speaking, he could have scored higher on the IELTS speaking test.

  4. I wish the TOEIC examination hall was closer to the MTR station in Hong Kong.

  5. If it was financially possible, Xiaoyu would enroll in the IELTS intensive programme immediately.

  6. He behaved at the formal dinner as if he was the guest of honour, though no one had introduced him.

  7. If she was more familiar with the indirect speech rules, she would not have lost marks in the grammar section.

  8. I wish I was able to retake the TOEIC Part 5 section alone without redoing the entire exam.

  9. If Xiaolan was here in Hong Kong with us, we could ask her to explain the passive voice rules again.

  10. The student acted as though the low score on the mock test was not something worth reflecting on.

解答與詳解:

題號

錯誤處

正確形式

語法說明

1

was

were

第二條件句(If 假設語氣),I 後方用 were

2

was

were

wish 表達對現狀的遺憾,she 後方用 were

3

was

were

第二條件句,Xiaoming 為第三人稱單數,仍用 were

4

was

were

wish 表達現狀遺憾,the examination hall 為單數名詞,假設語氣中仍用 were

5

was

were

第二條件句,it 後方用 were

6

was

were

as if 引導假設(與現實不符),he 後方用 were

7

was

were

第二條件句,she 後方用 were

8

was

were

wish 表達現狀遺憾,I 後方用 were

9

was

were

第二條件句,Xiaolan 為第三人稱單數,仍用 were

10

was

were

as though 引導假設(成績本身存在,但此處描述的是「當作不重要」的假設態度),用 were 更符合正式語法

V. Was Were 用法常見問答 FAQ 與學習建議

以下 FAQ 針對 Was Were 用法中三個最常見的延伸疑問提供精準解答,同時給出適用於 IELTS 與 TOEIC 備考的實用學習建議。

1. 疑問句怎麼改?Was/Were 置於句首的變換技巧

理解 Was Were 用法的疑問句結構,對 TOEIC 聽力測驗與 IELTS 口說考試至關重要。疑問句的構成方式是將 was 或 were 移至主詞前方。

結構:

Was/Were + 主詞 + 其餘部分?

陳述句

疑問句

否定簡答

She was ready for the exam.

Was she ready for the exam?(她考試準備好了嗎?)

No, she wasn't.

They were at the PREP centre.

Were they at the PREP centre?(他們在 PREP 中心嗎?)

No, they weren't.

There was a problem.

Was there a problem?(有問題嗎?)

No, there wasn't.

There were enough seats.

Were there enough seats?(有足夠的座位嗎?)

No, there weren't.

縮寫形式補充:

  • was not → wasn't

  • were not → weren't

在口語與非正式書面英語中,縮寫形式更為常見。在 IELTS 正式寫作(Task 1 與 Task 2)中,則建議使用完整形式 was not / were not。

2. 集體名詞(如 Team / Family)該選 was 還是 were?

這是台灣與香港英語考試中的經典難題,也是 Were Was 用法中最具爭議的一個判斷點。判斷邏輯如下:

判斷方式

對應用法

範例

強調整體(視整個群體為單一單位)

was

The PREP teaching team was well-prepared for the new IELTS exam format.(PREP 教學團隊為新版 IELTS 考試格式做好了充分準備。)

強調成員各自(個體行為各有不同)

were

The teaching team were debating different approaches to the writing module.(教學團隊的成員們正在討論寫作模組的不同教學方式。)

在台灣與香港的標準英語考試環境中,集體名詞通常被視為單數整體,搭配 was。若題目無特別說明,建議優先選 was。

3. 學習建議:如何在 IELTS 與 TOEIC 中避免 Was/Were 失分?

Was Were 用法的理論知識,需要透過持續練習才能真正內化成語感,以下是 PREP 建議的三步驟學習方法。

  • 第一步,建立規則框架:先確認主詞的人稱與數量,再判斷是否屬於假設語氣或願望句,最後選擇正確的 was 或 were。

  • 第二步,熟悉考試題型TOEIC Part 5 的文法選擇題常考被動語態(was/were + V-pp)與主詞動詞一致性IELTS Writing Task 2 則需要在條件句中正確使用假設語氣的 were。

  • 第三步,持續輸出練習:用本文提供的 30 道練習題反覆自我測試,並嘗試在日記或寫作練習中主動造句,將規則轉化為習慣。

結論

Was Were 用法的核心分為三個層次:主詞一致性(單複數配對)、句型結構(狀態、進行、被動、存在、間接引語)、語氣邏輯(假設語氣與願望句中 were 的特殊性)。從基礎的 I was / They were,到 There was/were 的名詞判斷,再到 If I were you 背後的「非現實性」語義——每一層都有其規則,也有其必須理解的例外。

透過本文的系統整理、完整的句型對照表以及 30 道分層練習題,你已具備在 IELTS 寫作、TOEIC 語法題乃至日常英語中,自信且準確地運用這兩個詞的能力。語法的掌握從來不是一次性的記憶,而是透過反覆練習與真實語境的接觸,逐漸沉澱為直覺。踏出第一步,從今天的練習題開始。

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黃秋賢
Product Content Admin

你好!我叫黃秋賢。現在在網站 prepedu.com 的部落格擔任產品內容經理。

我有超過5年的英語、韓語等外語自學經驗,並準備過 IELTS、TOEIC、TOPIK 等考試,累積了豐富的實戰知識,也曾協助數千位在語言學習上遇到困難的人。希望以上的分享能幫助大家在家中更有效率地自學!

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