【介系詞片語 Prepositional Phrases】最完整文法解析與 100+ 實用片語分類總整理
想徹底搞懂「介系詞片語」是什麼嗎?簡單來說,介系詞片語(Prepositional Phrases)就是由一個介系詞(如 in, on, for)加上其後的名詞,代名詞或動名詞所組成的文法單位。它在句子中主要扮演形容詞或副詞的角色,用來精準描述時間,地點,方式與關係,是構成流利英文的關鍵基石。想像一下,如果沒有了「在桌上」,「往台北101的方向」或「為了健康」,我們的對話將變得多麼空洞且缺乏畫面感。
在語言學上,介系詞片語是豐富句子結構與語意的核心工具,然而,許多學習者常因其多變的位置與搭配詞(Collocation)用法而感到困惑,甚至誤判句子的主詞,導致文法錯誤。這些看似微小的片語,實際上是區分英文初學者與高階使用者的重要指標,尤其在 IELTS 與 TOEIC 等標準化考試中更是得分關鍵。
這篇文章將為你系統性地拆解介系詞片語的構成,三大功能與位置規則,並提供涵蓋時間,地點等七大分類的超詳盡片語總表。無論你是正在準備英文考試,還是想提升日常寫作的精準度,PREP 的這份全攻略都將是你不可或缺的學習指南,帶你從根本上征服這個文法難點。
I. 介系詞片語是什麼?基礎定義與構成方式
介系詞片語英文是由一個介系詞(Preposition)加上其受詞(Object)所組成的文法結構,在句子中扮演修飾或補充說明的角色。根據劍橋字典與牛津英語學習指南的定義,介系詞片語能夠表達時間,地點,方向,原因等多種語意關係,讓句子的表達更加完整細緻。
許多學習者常常疑惑「介系詞片語有什麼?」其實這些片語遍佈在日常英文對話與寫作中,是連結想法與概念的重要橋梁。
結構公式:
介系詞(Preposition)+(修飾語 Modifiers)+ 受詞(Object)
理解 Prepositional Phrases 文法的關鍵,在於掌握受詞(Object)的多種形式。介系詞片語的構成其實比你想像的更靈活多元:
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介系詞 + 名詞英文/名詞片語 |
這是最常見的形式,介系詞後面接續一個名詞或由多個詞組成的名詞片語。 |
|
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介系詞 + 代名詞 |
當受詞是代名詞時,必須使用受格形式(me, him, her, us, them)。 |
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介系詞 + 動名詞(Gerund) |
介系詞後面若接動詞,必須使用動名詞形式(V-ing)。這是許多學習者容易犯錯的地方。 |
|
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介系詞 + 介系詞片語 |
在某些情況下,一個介系詞片語可以作為另一個介系詞的受詞。 |
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介系詞 + Wh-子句 |
介系詞後面可接由 what,where,when 等疑問詞引導的子句。 |
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掌握這五種基本構成方式,你就能辨識並正確使用大部分的英文介系詞片語,為接下來更深入的學習打下穩固基礎。
II. 介系詞片語的三大功能:形容詞,副詞與名詞用法
介系詞片語在句子中主要扮演三種角色:當作「形容詞」修飾名詞或代名詞,當作「副詞」修飾動詞或形容詞或副詞,以及在少數情況下,整個片語可作為「名詞」使用。理解這三種功能,能幫助你準確判斷介系詞片語在句中的作用,進而提升閱讀理解與寫作能力。
讓我們透過清晰的 Prepositional Phrases 例子,逐一剖析這三種功能的特性與用法。
1. 功能一:當形容詞片語(Adjectival Phrase)使用
當介系詞片語作為形容詞英文時,其功能等同於一個形容詞,用來回答「哪一個?」(Which one?)的問題,通常緊跟在所修飾的名詞或代名詞後面,提供更具體的描述資訊。
核心特徵:
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修飾對象:名詞或代名詞
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回答問題:Which one? What kind?
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位置:通常緊接在被修飾詞之後
實用例句解析:
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The woman living in Daan District, Taipei is a famous writer.(住在台北大安區的女士是位知名作家。)→ 介系詞片語 "in Daan District, Taipei" 修飾名詞 "The woman",告訴我們是「哪一位」女士。
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The businessman from Hong Kong presented innovative proposals at the conference.(來自香港的商人在會議上提出了創新提案。)→ "from Hong Kong" 修飾 "The businessman",說明這位商人的來源地。
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桌上那杯還冒著熱氣的咖啡是小美剛泡的:The coffee with steam on the table was just made by Xiaomei.(桌上還冒著熱氣的咖啡是小美剛泡的)→ "with steam on the table" 修飾 "The coffee",描述咖啡的狀態與位置。
2. 功能二:當副詞片語(Adverbial Phrase)使用
介系詞片語作為副詞英文時,功能等同於一個副詞,用來修飾動詞,形容詞或副詞,回答「何時?」(When?),「何地?」(Where?),「如何?」(How?),「為何?」(Why?)等問題,為句子提供更豐富的情境資訊。
核心特徵:
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修飾對象:動詞,形容詞或副詞
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回答問題:When? Where? How? Why? To what extent?
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位置:較為靈活,可放在句首,句中或句末
實用例句解析:
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Xiao Wang put the important documents in the drawer of his desk.(小王把重要文件放在他辦公桌的抽屜裡。)→ "in the drawer of his desk" 修飾動詞 "put",回答「放在哪裡?」(Where?)
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In the morning every day, Xiao Chen goes jogging in Daan Forest Park.(每天早晨,小陳會在大安森林公園慢跑。)→ "In the morning every day" 修飾整個句子的動詞 "goes jogging",回答「何時?」(When?)
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They completed the Hong Kong branch project with amazing efficiency.(他們以驚人的效率完成了香港分公司的專案。)→ "with amazing efficiency" 修飾動詞 "completed",回答「如何完成?」(How?)
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Because of the typhoon, the high-speed rail from Taipei to Kaohsiung was suspended.(因為颱風,台北到高雄的高鐵停駛了。)→ "Because of the typhoon" 修飾整個句子,回答「為什麼?」(Why?)
3. 功能三:當名詞片語(Nominal Phrase)使用
在特定文法結構中,整個介系詞片語可以作為句子的主詞或受詞,功能相當於一個名詞。這種用法較為少見,但在正式寫作與口語中偶爾出現,特別是在討論時間或地點時。
核心特徵:
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功能:作為句子的主詞或受詞
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常見情境:時間或地點的抽象表達
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文法特性:整個片語被視為單一名詞單位
實用例句解析:
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During lunch break is the only time office workers in Taipei can relax.(中午休息時間是台北上班族唯一能放鬆的時刻。)→ 整個介系詞片語 "During lunch break" 作為主詞(Subject)。
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After dinner would be a better time to discuss business.(晚餐後會是討論公事更好的時機。)→ "After dinner" 作為主詞,表示一個時間點。
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(The journey)From Taipei to Kaohsiung gave us time for deep conversation.(從台北到高雄的路程讓我們有時間深談。)→ 整個片語作為主詞,描述一段旅程。
III. 介系詞片語在句子中的位置
介系詞片語的位置相當靈活,但遵循特定慣用規則能確保語意清晰,避免產生歧義。掌握正確的擺放位置,不僅讓你的英文更符合母語人士的使用習慣,也能在考試中避免因位置錯誤而失分。
1. 緊跟修飾的名詞後
當介系詞片語作為形容詞使用時,應緊接在被修飾的名詞之後,以明確指出修飾對象。
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Xiaohua sat on the chair with a broken leg in the corner.(小華坐在角落那張斷腿的椅子上。)
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The woman in the blue cheongsam is a guest from Hong Kong.(穿藍色旗袍的女士是來自香港的客人。)
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The coffee shop next to Taipei 101 is very popular.(台北101旁邊的咖啡店很受歡迎。)
2. 修飾動詞時,通常放在動詞後
作為副詞片語修飾動詞英文時,最自然的位置是緊接在動詞之後。
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Xiaoming runs to Daan Forest Park every morning.(小明每天早上跑到大安森林公園。)
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They arrived at Taoyuan Airport two hours early.(他們提早兩小時抵達桃園機場。)
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Xiaomei placed the documents on the supervisor's desk.(小美把文件放在主管的辦公桌上。)
3. 修飾整個句子時,可放句首或句尾
當介系詞片語修飾整個句子或提供背景資訊時,既可置於句首作為開場,也可放在句尾作為補充說明。
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In the morning, the streets of Taipei start to bustle.(早晨,台北的街道就開始熱鬧起來。)→ 句首強調時間
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During his time working in Hong Kong, he learned Cantonese.(在香港工作期間,他學會了廣東話。)→ 句首提供背景
4. 放在動詞片語中間(較進階用法)
在某些英文動詞片語(Phrasal Verb)的結構中,介系詞片語可能出現在動詞與小品詞之間,這種用法需要特別注意。
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Xiao Wang picked his phone up from the floor.(小王從地板上撿起他的手機。)
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She looked the word up in the dictionary.(她在字典裡查詢這個字。)
5. 避免產生歧義的位置原則
當句子中有多個可能的修飾對象時,介系詞片語的位置至關重要。
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模糊:I saw the man with the camera at Taipei 101.(小美在台北101看到了拿著相機的男士。)→ 我用相機看到那個人?還是我看到拿著相機的那個人?
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清晰:I saw the man who had a camera at Taipei 101.(小美在台北101看到了那位拿著相機的男士。)→ 使用關係子句消除歧義
掌握這些位置規則,能讓你在撰寫英文時更精準地傳達意思,同時在閱讀時也能快速理解複雜句子的結構。
IV. 常見的介系詞片語有哪些?超實用分類總表
學習固定的英文介系詞片語(搭配詞 Collocation)是提升英文流暢度最有效的捷徑。母語人士在日常溝通中會自然而然地使用這些固定搭配,掌握它們能讓你的英文聽起來更道地自然。本節將常見介系詞片語系統性地依照語意功能分類,方便你查閱,記憶與實際運用。許多學習者經常詢問「介系詞片語有哪些?」以下分類整理涵蓋日常生活,學術寫作與商業溝通中最常使用的介系詞片語,每個類別都附有中文解釋與實用例句,幫助你快速掌握正確用法。
1. 表示「時間」(Time)的介系詞片語
時間類介系詞片語用於表達事件發生的確切時間點,時間範圍或時間關係,是英文表達中最基礎且常用的類別。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
at dawn |
黎明時分 |
Xiao Chen starts working at dawn every day.(小陳每天黎明時分開始工作。) |
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at sunrise |
日出時 |
We plan to watch the sunrise at sunrise on Yangmingshan.(我們計劃在日出時於陽明山觀賞。) |
|
at sunset |
日落時 |
Tamsui Fisherman's Wharf is most beautiful at sunset.(淡水漁人碼頭在日落時最美。) |
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at midnight |
午夜 |
The New Year celebration reached its peak at midnight.(跨年慶祝在午夜達到高潮。) |
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at night |
晚上 |
Night markets in Taipei are busiest at night.(台北的夜市在晚上最熱鬧。) |
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at the moment |
此刻,目前 |
她此刻正在香港出差:She is on a business trip in Hong Kong at the moment.(她此刻正在香港出差) |
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at present |
目前,現在 |
The company is expanding overseas markets at present.(公司目前正在擴展海外市場。) |
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at that time |
那時候 |
Xiao Wang was still studying at university in Taipei at that time.(那時候小王還在台北念大學。) |
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at the age of |
在...歲時 |
She started her business at the age of 25.(她在25歲時創業。) |
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in the morning |
早上 |
Xiaolin practices English in the morning every day.(小林每天早上練習英文。) |
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in the afternoon |
下午 |
The meeting is scheduled in the afternoon at 3 pm.(會議安排在下午三點。) |
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in the evening |
傍晚 |
They take a walk in Daan Forest Park in the evening.(他們傍晚在大安森林公園散步。) |
|
in the past |
過去,以往 |
Transportation in Taipei wasn't this convenient in the past.(過去台北的交通沒有這麼便利。) |
|
in the future |
將來,未來 |
In the future, AI will change our lives.(未來人工智慧將改變我們的生活。) |
|
in the beginning |
起初,開始時 |
She wasn't used to the pace of life in Hong Kong in the beginning.(起初她不習慣香港的生活步調。) |
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in the end |
最後,終於 |
In the end, they decided to settle down in Taipei.(最後他們決定在台北定居。) |
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in the meantime |
與此同時 |
In the meantime, the Taipei branch continues to operate.(與此同時,台北分公司繼續營運。) |
|
in a minute |
一分鐘內,馬上 |
I'll finish processing this document in a minute.(我馬上就處理完這份文件。) |
|
in an hour |
一小時內 |
It takes about an hour from Taipei to Taoyuan Airport.(從台北到桃園機場約一小時。) |
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in a few minutes |
幾分鐘內 |
The MRT will arrive in a few minutes.(捷運幾分鐘後就到站。) |
|
in a week |
一週內 |
The report must be completed in a week.(報告必須在一週內完成。) |
|
in January/ February |
在一月/二月 |
Taipei is usually colder in January.(台北在一月通常比較冷。) |
|
in 2024 |
在2024年 |
Xiao Wang graduated in 2024.(小王在2024年畢業。) |
|
on Monday |
在星期一 |
The meeting is scheduled on Monday.(會議訂在星期一。) |
|
on my birthday |
在我的生日 |
Friends threw a surprise party on my birthday.(朋友們在我生日當天舉辦驚喜派對。) |
|
on Christmas Day |
聖誕節當天 |
Many stores are closed on Christmas Day.(許多商店在聖誕節當天休息。) |
|
on time |
準時 |
The high-speed rail always arrives on time.(高鐵總是準時到站。) |
|
on the weekend |
週末(美式) |
We're going to Kenting on the weekend.(我們週末去墾丁。) |
|
by Friday |
最遲星期五前 |
Please submit the report by Friday.(請在星期五前提交報告。) |
|
by the end of |
在...結束前 |
The project must be finished by the end of the month.(專案必須在月底前完成。) |
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for a long time |
很長一段時間 |
Xiaomei has been working in Hong Kong for a long time.(小美在香港工作很長一段時間了。) |
|
for ages |
很久了 |
I haven't seen Xiao Wang for ages.(我很久沒見到小王了。) |
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for the time being |
暫時 |
She will stay working in Taipei for the time being.(暫時她會留在台北工作。) |
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since 2020 |
自2020年起 |
She has worked at this company since 2020.(她自2020年起就在這家公司工作。) |
|
during the war |
戰爭期間 |
Many families were separated during the war.(戰爭期間許多家庭被迫分離。) |
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throughout the year |
全年,整年 |
This store is open throughout the year.(這家商店全年無休。) |
|
within an hour |
一小時內 |
You will receive a reply within an hour.(您將在一小時內收到回覆。) |
|
until now |
直到現在 |
I didn't understand the truth until now.(直到現在我才明白真相。) |
|
from now on |
從現在開始 |
I will study English seriously from now on.(從現在開始我要認真學英文。) |
|
from then on |
從那時起 |
From then on,she decided to stay in Taiwan.(從那時起她就決定留在台灣。) |
|
up to now |
到目前為止 |
Everything has been going smoothly up to now.(到目前為止一切進展順利。) |
|
up until now |
一直到現在 |
He has been working at this company up until now.(一直到現在他都還在這家公司工作。) |
2. 表示「地點/位置」(Place/Location)的介系詞片語
地點位置類介系詞片語精確描述人,事,物所在的空間位置或相對關係,是描述場景時不可或缺的表達工具。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
at home |
在家 |
Xiaohua is working at home today.(小華今天在家工作。) |
|
at the bus stop |
在公車站 |
Xiaomei is waiting for the bus at the bus stop.(小美在公車站等車。) |
|
at the entrance |
在入口處 |
The security guard stands at the entrance of the building.(警衛站在大樓入口處。) |
|
at the top |
在頂端 |
The restaurant is at the top of Taipei 101.(餐廳在台北101頂樓。) |
|
in Taiwan |
在台灣 |
Xiaolin was born and raised in Taiwan.(小林在台灣出生長大。) |
|
in the countryside |
在鄉村 |
He likes to relax in the countryside on weekends.(週末他喜歡在鄉村放鬆。) |
|
in the center |
在中心 |
City Hall is in the center of the city.(市政府在市中心。) |
|
in the middle |
在中間 |
The park is in the middle of two buildings.(公園在兩棟建築中間。) |
|
in the water |
在水中 |
Fish are swimming in the water.(魚在水中游泳。) |
|
in bed |
在床上 |
He is sick and lying in bed.(他生病躺在床上。) |
|
in the corner |
在角落 |
The cat is hiding in the corner of the room.(貓躲在房間角落。) |
|
on the wall |
在牆上 |
The photo is hanging on the wall.(照片掛在牆上。) |
|
on the ceiling |
在天花板上 |
The chandelier hangs on the ceiling.(吊燈吊在天花板上。) |
|
on a bus |
在公車上 |
She is listening to music on a bus.(她在公車上聽音樂。) |
|
under the table |
在桌子下 |
The cat is hiding under the table.(貓躲在桌子下。) |
|
above sea level |
在海平面以上 |
Yangmingshan is 1,120 meters above sea level.(陽明山海拔1120公尺。) |
|
behind the door |
在門後 |
Someone is hiding behind the door.(有人躲在門後。) |
|
in front of |
在...前面 |
Xiaoming stands in front of Taipei 101.(小明站在台北101前面。) |
|
next to |
在...旁邊 |
The bookstore is next to the coffee shop.(書店在咖啡店旁邊。) |
|
near |
在...附近 |
His home is near the MRT station.(他家在捷運站附近。) |
|
between |
在...之間 |
Taichung is between Taipei and Kaohsiung.(台中在台北和高雄之間。) |
|
among |
在...之中(三者以上) |
She stands out among the crowd.(她在人群中很顯眼。) |
|
opposite |
在...對面 |
The bank is opposite the post office.(銀行在郵局對面。) |
|
across from |
在...對面 |
My house is across from the park.(我家在公園對面。) |
3. 表示「方向/移動」(Direction/Movement)的介系詞片語
方向移動類介系詞片語描述動作的起點,終點或移動路徑,常與動態動詞搭配使用,表達空間轉換。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
from Taipei |
從台北 |
Xiao Wang took the HSR from Taipei to Kaohsiung.(小王從台北搭高鐵到高雄。) |
|
to the office |
到辦公室 |
Xiaomei takes the MRT to the office every day.(小美每天搭捷運到辦公室。) |
|
into the room |
進入房間 |
She walked quietly into the room.(她悄悄走進房間。) |
|
out of the building |
走出大樓 |
Employees walked out of the building for lunch.(員工們走出大樓吃午餐。) |
|
towards the city |
朝市區 |
They are heading towards the city.(他們朝市區方向前進。) |
|
across the road |
馬路對面 |
The convenience store is across the road.(便利商店在馬路對面。) |
|
through the tunnel |
穿過隧道 |
The train goes through the Hsuehshan Tunnel.(火車穿過雪山隧道。) |
|
around the corner |
轉角處,附近 |
The post office is just around the corner.(郵局就在轉角處。) |
|
up the stairs |
上樓梯 |
Xiao Chen quickly ran up the stairs.(小陳快速跑上樓梯。) |
|
down the stairs |
下樓梯 |
She carefully walked down the stairs.(她小心走下樓梯。) |
|
over the bridge |
越過橋梁 |
Cars drive over the bridge.(汽車開過大橋。) |
|
past the bank |
經過銀行 |
The bus goes past the bank.(公車經過銀行。) |
4. 表示「原因/目的」(Reason/Purpose)的介系詞片語
原因目的類介系詞片語說明事件發生的原因或行動的目標,在論述文與說明文中特別常用,能讓邏輯關係更清晰。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
because of |
因為 |
Xiao Wang was late because of the traffic jam.(小王因為交通阻塞而遲到。) |
|
due to |
由於 |
The flight was delayed due to bad weather.(航班由於天氣惡劣而延誤。) |
|
on account of |
因為 |
He retired on account of his age.(他因為年齡而退休。) |
|
for the sake of |
為了...起見 |
Wear a helmet for the sake of safety.(為了安全起見請戴安全帽。) |
|
for this reason |
因為這個原因 |
For this reason, we decided to move.(因為這個原因我們決定搬家。) |
|
in order to |
為了 |
In order to succeed, you must work hard.(為了成功你必須努力。) |
|
with the aim of |
以...為目標 |
He saves money with the aim of traveling around the world.(他以環遊世界為目標存錢。) |
|
as a result of |
作為...的結果 |
As a result of the research, new policies were implemented.(作為研究的結果新政策實施了。) |
|
owing to |
由於,因為 |
Owing to budget constraints, the project was postponed.(由於預算限制計畫延期。) |
|
thanks to |
多虧,由於 |
Thanks to his help, we finished on time.(多虧他的幫助我們及時完成。) |
|
out of curiosity |
出於好奇 |
He opened the box out of curiosity.(他出於好奇打開了盒子。) |
5. 表示「方式/方法」(Manner/Method)的介系詞片語
方式方法類介系詞片語描述完成動作的手段,工具或狀態,能讓敘述更具體生動,在商業溝通中特別實用。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
by car |
開車 |
Xiao Wang goes to work by car every day.(小王每天開車上班。) |
|
on foot |
步行 |
She goes to work on foot every day.(她每天步行上班。) |
|
by hand |
用手,手工 |
This craft is made by hand.(這個工藝品是手工製作的。) |
|
by mobile payment |
用行動支付 |
Taiwanese people often pay by mobile payment.(台灣人常用行動支付。) |
|
by post |
用郵寄 |
The documents will be sent by post.(文件將用郵寄方式寄送。) |
|
by mistake |
錯誤地 |
I took someone else's umbrella by mistake.(我錯拿了別人的雨傘。) |
|
by surprise |
出其不意 |
They threw a birthday party by surprise.(他們出其不意地舉辦了生日派對。) |
|
with enthusiasm |
熱情地 |
She greeted the guests with enthusiasm.(她熱情地迎接客人。) |
|
with pleasure |
樂意地 |
I'll help you with pleasure.(我樂意幫助你。) |
|
in a hurry |
匆忙地 |
He left the office in a hurry.(他匆忙離開辦公室。) |
|
in a rush |
趕時間 |
Xiaomei rushed to the airport in a rush.(小美趕時間趕去機場。) |
|
in general |
一般而言 |
In general, Taiwanese people are friendly.(一般而言台灣人很友善。) |
|
in particular |
特別是 |
I like Taiwan, in particular Taipei.(我喜歡台灣特別是台北。) |
6. 表示「狀態/條件」(State/Condition)的介系詞片語
狀態條件類介系詞片語描述人或事物所處的情況或狀態,常用於說明當前處境或描述特定條件。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
in danger |
處於危險中 |
This species is in danger of extinction.(這個物種處於滅絕危險中。) |
|
in good condition |
狀況良好 |
This used car is in good condition.(這輛二手車狀況良好。) |
|
in order |
井然有序 |
The files are arranged in order.(檔案都井然有序地排列。) |
|
in control |
在掌控中 |
The situation is completely in control.(情況完全在掌控中。) |
|
under pressure |
承受壓力 |
Xiaomei performs well under pressure.(小美在壓力下表現良好。) |
|
under repair |
維修中 |
The elevator is under repair.(電梯正在維修中。) |
|
under discussion |
討論中 |
The new policy is still under discussion.(新政策還在討論中。) |
|
under arrest |
被逮捕 |
The suspect is under arrest.(嫌疑人已被逮捕。) |
|
at stake |
岌岌可危 |
The company's reputation is at stake.(公司的聲譽岌岌可危。) |
|
on sale |
特價中 |
This dress is on sale.(這件衣服正在特價。) |
|
on duty |
值班中 |
The police officer is on duty.(警察正在值班。) |
|
on holiday |
度假中 |
They are on holiday in Bali.(他們在峇里島度假。) |
|
out of date |
過期,過時 |
Your passport is out of date.(你的護照過期了。) |
|
out of sight |
看不見 |
飛The plane flew out of sight.(飛機飛出視線範圍。) |
|
out of breath |
上氣不接下氣 |
He was out of breath after running up Yangmingshan.(跑上陽明山後他上氣不接下氣。) |
|
in a mess |
一團糟 |
The house was in a mess after the typhoon.(颱風過後房子一團糟。) |
7. 表示「關係/關於」(Relation/Topic)的介系詞片語
關係主題類介系詞片語表達事物之間的關聯性或討論的主題範圍,在學術寫作與正式溝通中頻繁使用,能讓論述更嚴謹清晰。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
about |
關於 |
We talked about Taiwan.(我們談論關於台灣的事。) |
|
in addition to |
除了...之外(還有) |
In addition to English, she speaks Mandarin.(除了英文之外她還會說中文。) |
|
instead of |
而不是,代替 |
He took the MRT instead of driving.(他搭捷運而不是開車。) |
|
in case of |
萬一,如果 |
In case of emergency, call 119.(萬一緊急狀況請撥119。) |
|
according to |
根據 |
According to the report, sales increased.(根據報告銷售額增長了。) |
|
with respect to |
關於,就...而言 |
With respect to the budget, we need to cut costs.(就預算而言我們需要削減開支。) |
|
in regard to |
關於 |
In regard to the new policy, do you have any questions?(關於新政策有任何問題嗎?) |
|
in relation to |
關於,有關 |
In relation to this issue, we need more information.(有關這個議題我們需要更多資訊。) |
|
in terms of |
就...而言 |
In terms of quality, this product is the best.(就品質而言這個產品最好。) |
|
as to |
關於 |
As to this decision, I'm still thinking.(關於這個決定我還在考慮。) |
|
in favor of |
贊成,支持 |
I'm in favor of this proposal.(我贊成這個提案。) |
|
in opposition to |
反對 |
They are in opposition to the new regulations.(他們反對新法規。) |
|
in exchange for |
交換 |
He traded his old car in exchange for a new one.(他以舊車交換新車。) |
|
for the purpose of |
為了...的目的 |
For the purpose of research, data was collected.(為了研究的目的收集資料。) |
|
in accordance with |
依照,按照 |
In accordance with regulations, please attend on time.(依照規定請準時出席。) |
|
in line with |
符合,一致 |
This decision is in line with our goals.(這個決定符合我們的目標。) |
V. 介系詞片語在 IELTS 與 TOEIC 考試中的應用
介系詞片語是 IELTS(雅思)和 TOEIC(多益)等標準化英語測驗的文法高頻考點,也是區分考生英文程度的重要指標。無論在聽力,閱讀,寫作還是口說中,流暢且正確地使用介系詞片語,都能顯著提升你的表現與分數。讓我們分別探討這兩種考試中介系詞片語的考法與常見搭配,幫助你精準備考。
1. IELTS(雅思)常見介系詞片語與考題形式
IELTS 考試著重評估考生在學術與日常情境中的英文溝通能力,介系詞片語在各個測驗項目中都扮演關鍵角色。掌握這些學術型介系詞片語,能讓你的答案更有深度與專業性。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
in conclusion |
總而言之 |
In conclusion, governments should invest in education.(總而言之政府應該投資於教育。) |
|
on the other hand |
另一方面 |
On the other hand, businesses also have social responsibilities.(另一方面企業也有社會責任。) |
|
in terms of |
就...而言 |
In terms of environmental protection, renewable energy is important.(就環境保護而言再生能源很重要。) |
|
as a result of |
作為...的結果 |
As a result of globalization, cultural exchange has increased.(作為全球化的結果文化交流增加了。) |
|
in contrast |
相反地 |
In contrast, traditional education is more structured.(相反地傳統教育較為結構化。) |
|
to sum up |
總結 |
To sum up, bilingual education has many advantages.(總結來說雙語教育有很多優點。) |
|
in the long run |
長遠來看 |
In the long run, investing in education pays off.(長遠來看投資教育會帶來回報。) |
|
from my perspective |
從我的角度 |
From my perspective, remote work increases productivity.(從我的角度遠距工作提高生產力。) |
|
by and large |
大體上 |
By and large, this policy has been successful.(大體上這個政策是成功的。) |
|
with the exception of |
除了...之外 |
With the exception of February, sales increased every month.(除了二月之外每個月銷售都增長。) |
|
over the period |
在這段期間 |
Over the period from 2020 to 2024, the population increased.(在2020到2024年期間人口增加了。) |
|
at the start of |
在...開始時 |
At the start of the period, the figure was lower.(在這段期間開始時數字較低。) |
|
in my opinion |
依我看來 |
In my opinion, education is most important.(依我看來教育最重要。) |
|
from my point of view |
從我的角度來看 |
From my point of view, remote work is more efficient.(從我的角度遠距工作更有效率。) |
|
to be honest |
老實說 |
To be honest, I don't really like this idea.(老實說我不太喜歡這個主意。) |
|
as far as I know |
就我所知 |
As far as I know, Taipei's MRT is very convenient.(就我所知台北的捷運很方便。) |
|
in general |
一般而言 |
In general, Taiwanese people are friendly.(一般而言台灣人很友善。) |
|
on the basis of |
基於 |
Decisions were made on the basis of research findings.(基於研究結果做出決定。) |
|
in accordance with |
依照 |
Procedures are carried out in accordance with regulations.(依照規定執行程序。) |
|
for the most part |
大部分 |
For the most part, participants agreed with this view.(大部分參與者同意這個觀點。) |
|
by means of |
藉由 |
Communication became easier by means of technology.(藉由科技溝通更容易。) |
2. TOEIC(多益)常見介系詞片語與考題形式
TOEIC 考試聚焦於職場與商務情境的英文能力,介系詞片語多益考題中特別常見,尤其在 TOEIC Part 5 與 TOEIC Part 6 的文法填空題中頻繁出現。掌握這些商業情境的介系詞片語多益片語,能大幅提升你的答題速度與準確度。
|
介系詞片語 |
意思 |
實用例句 |
|
in charge of |
負責,主管 |
Xiao Wang is in charge of the marketing department.(小王負責行銷部門。) |
|
responsible for |
對...負責 |
The manager is responsible for staff training.(經理負責員工培訓。) |
|
in control of |
掌管 |
She is in control of the entire project.(她掌管整個專案。) |
|
accountable for |
對...負責 |
The team is accountable for the results.(團隊對結果負責。) |
|
apply for |
申請 |
Xiaomei wants to apply for the position.(小美想申請這個職位。) |
|
eligible for |
有資格獲得 |
Employees are eligible for bonuses.(員工有資格獲得獎金。) |
|
qualified for |
有資格做 |
He is qualified for this position.(他有資格擔任這個職位。) |
|
in favor of |
支持 |
The board is in favor of the proposal.(董事會支持這個提案。) |
|
on behalf of |
代表 |
I'm calling on behalf of the CEO.(我代表執行長致電。) |
|
with reference to |
關於 |
With reference to your inquiry, we respond as follows.(關於你的詢問我們回覆如下。) |
|
in compliance with |
遵照,符合 |
In compliance with company policy, all procedures must be followed.(遵照公司政策所有程序必須執行。) |
|
in line with |
符合 |
The decision is in line with company goals.(決策符合公司目標。) |
|
prior to |
在...之前 |
Please submit the form prior to the deadline.(請在截止日前提交表格。) |
|
ahead of |
在...之前 |
We finished the project ahead of schedule.(我們提前完成專案。) |
|
in attendance |
出席 |
All managers were in attendance at the meeting.(所有經理都出席會議。) |
|
in person |
親自 |
Please come to the office in person.(請親自前來辦公室。) |
|
on the agenda |
在議程上 |
Budget discussion is on the agenda.(預算討論在議程上。) |
|
at a discount |
打折 |
Products are sold at a discount.(產品以折扣價出售。) |
|
free of charge |
免費 |
Consultation is free of charge.(諮詢服務免費。) |
|
in view of |
考慮到,鑑於 |
In view of the current situation, we postponed the decision.(鑑於當前情況我們延後決定。) |
|
for the purpose of |
為了...目的 |
For the purpose of improving service, a survey was conducted.(為了改善服務進行調查。) |
|
on the grounds of |
基於...理由 |
The event was cancelled on the grounds of safety.(基於安全理由活動取消。) |
|
get in touch with |
聯絡 |
Please get in touch with the client as soon as possible.(請儘快聯絡客戶。) |
|
take care of |
處理 |
I'll take care of this matter.(我會處理這件事。) |
|
in the meantime |
同時 |
In the meantime, please prepare the documents.(同時請準備文件。) |
VI. 精通介系詞片語:實戰練習題
理論知識需要透過實際練習才能真正內化,成為你英文表達的本能。以下提供三種不同類型的練習題,從基礎的介系詞選擇,到進階的功能辨識與錯誤訂正,全方位檢測你對介系詞片語的掌握程度。建議你先自行作答,再對照答案與詳解,找出自己需要加強的部分。
1. 練習一:介系詞填空
請從括號中選擇最適合的介系詞,完成下列句子。
-
小王預計星期一下午開會:The meeting will be held _____ Monday afternoon.(in / on / at)
-
小美在香港住了五年:Xiaomei has lived in Hong Kong _____ five years.(since / for / during)
-
架子頂端的那本書是我爸爸的:The book _____ the top shelf belongs to my father.(in / on / at)
-
我們剛好準時到達台北車站:We arrived at Taipei Main Station just _____ time.(in / on / at)
-
這家公司以優質客戶服務聞名:The company is famous _____ its excellent customer service.(with / for / of)
-
請用原子筆不要用鉛筆填寫表格:Please complete the form _____ pen, not pencil.(by / with / in)
-
因為國定假日辦公室休息:The office is closed _____ account of the public holiday.(on / in / at)
-
他們穿過大安森林公園走到美術館:They walked _____ Daan Forest Park to the museum.(across / through / along)
-
儘管下雨活動仍繼續進行:_____ spite of the rain, the event continued.(On / In / At)
-
她透過努力工作和決心獲得成功:She succeeded _____ hard work and determination.(by / through / with)
答案與解析:
-
on → 特定某天或某天的上午/下午/晚上用 "on"。小王的會議在星期一下午,所以用 on。
-
for → "for + 時間長度" 表示持續多久;"since + 時間點" 表示從某時開始。小美住了「五年」是時間長度,所以用 for。
-
on → 在架子「上」用 "on"。書放在架子的表面上,所以用 on the shelf。
-
in → "in time" 是固定片語,表示「及時,來得及」;"on time" 表示「準時」。句中 "just in time" 強調剛好趕上。
-
for → "famous for" 表示「因...而出名」,後接出名的原因或特色。
-
in → "in pen" 表示「用筆(書寫)」,這是固定用法。
-
on → "on account of" 是固定片語,表示「因為,由於」。
-
through → 穿過公園「內部」用 "through";"across" 用於穿越表面;"along" 表示沿著。
-
In → "In spite of" 是固定片語,表示「儘管,雖然」。
-
through → "through" 表示「藉由,透過」某種方法或手段達成目標。
2. 練習二:辨識片語功能
請判斷下列句子中的介系詞片語(已用粗體標示)是當作「形容詞」,「副詞」還是「名詞」使用。
-
那位長頭髮的女孩是小華的表妹:The girl with long hair is Xiaohua's cousin.
-
他們提早兩小時到達桃園機場:They arrived at Taoyuan Airport two hours early.
-
暑假期間是去墾丁最好的時間:During the summer is the best time to visit Kenting.
-
淡水河旁邊的房子看起來很美:The house beside the Tamsui River looks beautiful.
-
小美很有自信地說英文:Xiaomei speaks English with confidence.
-
關於氣候變遷的報告昨天發表了:The report on climate change was published yesterday.
-
小王每天早上去健身房:Xiao Wang went to the gym in the morning.
-
晚餐後會是我們討論的更好時機:After dinner would be better for our discussion.
-
來自台灣的學生贏得了比賽:The students from Taiwan won the competition.
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他們藉由團隊合作解決了問題:They solved the problem by working together.
答案與解析:
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形容詞 → 修飾名詞 "The girl",描述女孩的特徵(長頭髮)。
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副詞 → 修飾動詞 "arrived",回答「在哪裡到達?」(Where?)
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名詞 → 整個片語 "During the summer" 作為主詞,表示一段時間。
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形容詞 → 修飾名詞 "The house",描述房子的位置(在河邊)。
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副詞 → 修飾動詞 "speaks",回答「如何說?」(How?)描述說話的方式。
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形容詞 → 修飾名詞 "The report",說明報告的主題(關於氣候變遷)。
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副詞 → 修飾動詞 "went",回答「何時去?」(When?)
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名詞 → 整個片語 "After dinner" 作為主詞,表示一個時間點。
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形容詞 → 修飾名詞 "The students",說明學生的來源(來自台灣)。
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副詞 → 修飾動詞 "solved",回答「如何解決?」(How?)描述解決問題的方法。
3. 練習三:錯誤訂正
下列句子中各有一個介系詞片語相關的錯誤,請找出並改正。
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小美對學習日文感興趣:Xiaomei is interested on learning Japanese.
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會議因為天氣惡劣而取消:The meeting was cancelled because the bad weather.
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他在這家公司工作五年了:He has worked here since five years.
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紅色封面的那本書是我的:The book in the red cover is mine.
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他們很晚才到達辦公室:They arrived to the office late.
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我會在星期一早上完成專案:I will finish the project in Monday morning.
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她負責業務團隊:She is responsible of the sales team.
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我們步行去電影院:We went to the cinema by the foot.
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商店從星期一到星期五營業:The shop is opened from Monday to Friday.
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他成功通過了考試:He succeeded on passing the exam.
答案與解析:
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錯誤:on → 改正:in → "interested in" 是固定搭配,表示「對...感興趣」。
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錯誤:because → 改正:because of → 後接名詞片語需用 "because of";"because" 後面接完整子句。
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錯誤:since → 改正:for → "for + 時間長度"(例:五年);"since + 時間點"(例:2020年)。
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錯誤:in → 改正:with → 描述特徵或附帶狀態用 "with"。"with the red cover" 表示「有紅色封面的」。
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錯誤:to → 改正:at → "arrive at" 用於小地點(辦公室);"arrive in" 用於大地點(城市,國家)。
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錯誤:in → 改正:on → 特定某天的早上,下午,晚上用 "on",不用 "in"。
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錯誤:of → 改正:for → "responsible for" 是固定搭配,表示「對...負責」。
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錯誤:by the foot → 改正:on foot → "on foot" 是固定片語,表示「步行」,不需要冠詞 the。
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錯誤:opened → 改正:open → "be open" 表示營業狀態;"be opened" 表示被打開的動作。商店「營業」用 is open。
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錯誤:on → 改正:in → "succeed in" 是固定搭配,表示「成功做某事」,後接動名詞或名詞。
結論
掌握介系詞片語不是一蹴可幾的過程,而是需要持續練習與實際應用的長期學習。從理解基本定義,辨識三大功能,熟記常用搭配,到在考試與日常溝通中靈活運用,每一步都是提升英文實力的關鍵。Prepositional Phrases 英文在英文中無處不在,從台北街頭的路標指示,到香港商務會議的專業對話,這些看似簡單的片語組合,實際上承載著精準表達與流暢溝通的重要任務。
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你好!我叫黃秋賢。現在在網站 prepedu.com 的部落格擔任產品內容經理。
我有超過5年的英語、韓語等外語自學經驗,並準備過 IELTS、TOEIC、TOPIK 等考試,累積了豐富的實戰知識,也曾協助數千位在語言學習上遇到困難的人。希望以上的分享能幫助大家在家中更有效率地自學!
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