WH 問句全攻略:Who,What,When,Where 等用法詳解 + 文法結構
WH 問句是什麼?如何正確使用 Who,What,When,Where,Why,How 等疑問詞?WH 問句(WH Questions)是英語中最常用的資訊型問句,透過 Who(誰),What(什麼),When(何時),Where(哪裡),Why(為什麼),How(如何),Which(哪一個),Whose(誰的)等九大疑問詞,能精準獲取對方的具體資訊而非只是「是」或「否」的簡單回答。根據統計,這些 WH 疑問詞 在日常英語對話中的使用頻率超過 60%,是溝通不可或缺的核心工具。
然而許多學習者在運用 WH 問句時常犯錯誤:混淆 Who 與 Whom 的使用時機,不清楚何時需要倒裝,或是分不清 What 和 Which 的差異。更重要的是,不同的 WH 疑問詞需要搭配不同的句型結構,掌握這些文法規則才能問出專業且自然的英文問句。
PREPEDU 團隊精心整理這份 WH 問句全攻略,從基礎定義到進階應用,涵蓋完整文法結構,200+ 真實情境範例,30+ 詳細對照表格,以及實戰練習題與詳解,幫助您系統性掌握所有 WH 疑問詞的正確用法,在任何場合都能精準提問,有效溝通。
I. WH 問句核心總覽:定義,功能與 WH 疑問詞有哪些?
WH 問句(WH Questions)扮演著獲取具體資訊的關鍵角色,這類問句不同於只需回答「是」或「否」的 Yes/No 問句(封閉式問題),而是要求對方提供更完整的資訊、給出詳細說明、描述事實或解釋原因。當您想了解「疑問詞有哪些」或搜尋「疑問句英文」的相關知識時,掌握 WH 問句文法就成為建立流利英語對話能力的基石,無論在學術寫作、商務溝通或日常交流中都不可或缺。
每個 WH 疑問詞都針對特定類型的資訊提問,從人物身份到時間地點,從原因動機到方式程度,形成完整的提問系統。這些疑問詞大多以 WH 開頭,因此被稱為 WH Questions,是英語中最常用的資訊型問句。
疑問詞英文家族成員各有專屬功能,以下表格清楚呈現核心 WH 疑問詞有哪些及其用途:
|
疑問詞 |
意義 |
提問對象 |
典型回答類型 |
使用頻率 |
|
Who /huː/ |
誰 |
人物身份(主詞) |
人名,職業,關係 |
極高 |
|
Whom /huːm/ |
誰(受格) |
動作接受者(受詞) |
人物(正式用法) |
中等 |
|
Whose /huːz/ |
誰的 |
所有權歸屬 |
所屬關係,物主 |
高 |
|
What /wɒt/ (BrE), /wɑːt/ (AmE) |
什麼 |
事物,行為,資訊 |
物品,動作,說明 |
極高 |
|
Which /wɪtʃ/ |
哪一個 |
特定範圍選擇 |
限定選項內的答案 |
高 |
|
When /wen/ |
何時 |
時間點或時期 |
日期,時刻,時段 |
極高 |
|
Where /weə/ (BrE), /wer/ (AmE) |
哪裡 |
地點或位置 |
場所,方位 |
極高 |
|
Why /waɪ/ |
為什麼 |
原因或目的 |
理由,動機 |
極高 |
|
How /haʊ/ |
如何/怎樣 |
方式,狀態,程度 |
方法,程度,數量 |
極高 |
這些 WH 疑問詞構成了英語提問系統的核心架構,熟練運用這些詞彙能讓您在各種情境中精準獲取所需資訊。值得注意的是,雖然 How 不以 WH 開頭,但因其功能與用法相似,也被歸類為 WH 問句家族成員。
II. WH 問句的黃金文法結構:掌握 WH 問句倒裝與句型規則
理解 WH 問句文法的核心在於掌握 WH 問句倒裝規則,這些規則隨著句子中是否包含助動詞而有所不同。WH 問句通常需要調整主詞與動詞英文的位置,但也有例外情況需要特別注意。正確運用 WH 問句倒裝是形成標準疑問句的關鍵技巧。
1. 含助動詞/ be 動詞/ 情態動詞的標準 WH 問句倒裝結構
當句子中存在英文助動詞(do/ does/ did),be 動詞(am/ is/ are/ was/ were)或情態助動詞英文(can/ will/ should/ must/ could/ would/ may/ might)時,WH 問句採用:
WH 疑問詞 + 助動詞/ be 動詞/ 情態動詞 + 主詞 + 原形動詞/ 補語 + 其他成分
含 be 動詞的 WH 問句範例:
|
問句類型 |
問句範例 |
文法分析 |
|
Where is Xiaowang's office located in Taipei?(小王的辦公室位於台北哪裡?) |
WH詞 + be動詞(is)+ 主詞 + 過去分詞 |
|
|
What are they discussing in the Taipei branch meeting?(他們在台北分公司會議中討論什麼?) |
WH詞 + be動詞(are)+ 主詞 + 現在分詞 |
|
|
Who was responsible for this Hong Kong project last year?(去年誰負責這個香港專案?) |
||
|
When were the documents sent to the Taipei headquarters?(文件何時寄到台北總部?) |
WH詞 + be動詞(were)+ 主詞 + 過去分詞 |
含助動詞 do/ does/ did 的 WH 問句範例:
|
時態 |
問句範例 |
文法分析 |
|
現在式英文 |
What do you need for tomorrow's presentation in Taipei?(你明天在台北的簡報需要什麼?) |
WH詞 + do + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
|
Where does Xiaowang usually have lunch in Kowloon?(小王通常在九龍哪裡吃午餐?) |
WH詞 + does + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
|
|
過去式英文 |
When did she arrive at Hong Kong International Airport?(她何時抵達香港國際機場?) |
WH詞 + did + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
|
Why did they choose Taipei 101 for the event venue?(他們為什麼選擇台北 101 作為活動場地?) |
WH詞 + did + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
含情態動詞的 WH 問句範例:
|
情態動詞類型 |
問句範例 |
文法分析 |
|
Can |
Where can I find authentic dim sum in Hong Kong?(我在香港哪裡可以找到道地港點?) |
WH詞 + can + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
|
Should |
Why should we invest in the Taipei tech market?(我們為什麼應該投資台北科技市場?) |
WH詞 + should + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
|
Will |
What will happen after Xiaowang submits the proposal?(小王提交提案後會發生什麼?) |
WH詞 + will + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
|
Could |
How could you reach Tsim Sha Tsui from Central?(你如何從中環到尖沙咀?) |
WH詞 + could + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
2. WH 詞作主詞的特殊結構(不需 WH 問句倒裝)
當 WH 疑問詞本身就是句子主詞時,不需要進行 WH 問句倒裝。這個規則常被學習者忽略卻極為重要,是 Who 問句最常見的形式。這種結構在詢問動作執行者或事物主體時特別常見,能讓 WH 問句更簡潔自然。
結構公式:
WH 疑問詞(作主詞)+ 動詞 + 其他成分(無需助動詞)
WH 詞作主詞的 Who 問句 範例:
|
情境 |
問句範例 |
錯誤示範 |
|
詢問執行者 |
Who called Xiaowang from the Taipei office yesterday?(昨天誰從台北辦公室打電話給小王?) |
❌ Who did call Xiaowang? |
|
詢問事件主體 |
What happened at the Hong Kong trade conference last week?(上週香港貿易會議發生了什麼?) |
❌ What did happen? |
|
詢問成本比較 |
Which option costs less for shipping to Taiwan?(運送到台灣哪個選項花費較少?) |
❌ Which option does cost less? |
|
詢問責任歸屬 |
Who manages the customer service team in Kowloon?(誰管理九龍的客戶服務團隊?) |
❌ Who does manage? |
重要提醒:當 Who,What,Which 或 Whose 作為主詞時,動詞要根據主詞的單複數形式變化。在現在式中,若視為單數主詞,動詞需加 s/es。
更多詳細規則可參考PREPEDU.COM的文章關於《主詞動詞一致性完整指南》
3. 否定形式的 WH 問句
否定形式的 WH 問句通常用於表達驚訝,尋求確認或提出建議。這類 WH 問句帶有特殊語氣,不只是單純詢問資訊,常見於 Why 和 Who 開頭的問句。
結構公式:
WH 疑問詞 + 否定助動詞(don't/ doesn't/ didn't/ can't 等)+ 主詞 + 原形動詞 + 其他成分
否定 WH 問句的應用範例:
|
語氣功能 |
問句範例 |
使用情境 |
|
表建議 |
Why don't you join us for dinner at the Taipei night market?(你何不跟我們一起去台北夜市吃晚餐?) |
提出邀請或建議 |
|
表確認 |
What didn't you understand about the Hong Kong regulations?(你有什麼地方不理解香港的規定?) |
確認理解程度 |
|
表驚訝 |
How can't Xiaowang solve this simple problem?(小王怎麼可能解決不了這個簡單問題?) |
表達意外或不解 |
|
表質疑 |
Why wasn't the report submitted to the Taipei headquarters on time?(為什麼報告沒有準時提交到台北總部?) |
追究原因 |
III. 各大 WH 疑問詞深度詳解與英文問句範例
這個章節針對每個疑問詞英文提供完整解析,包含詳細的英文問句範例,讓您徹底掌握各種 WH 問句的實際應用方式與細微差異。
1. Who / Whom / Whose(問人)
Who 是最常用的人物提問詞,可作主詞或受詞詢問人物身份。當 Who 作為主詞時,就是典型的 Who 問句,不需要助動詞。Whom 是 Who 的受格形式,用於正式場合。Whose 專門詢問所有權或歸屬關係。
1.1. Who 問句的完整用法表
|
用法類型 |
問句範例 |
Who 問句回答 |
|
Who 作主詞(現在式) |
Who is Xiaowang's supervisor at the Taipei tech company?(小王在台北科技公司的主管是誰?) |
Mr. Chen from the engineering department is his supervisor.(工程部的陳先生是他的主管。) |
|
Who 作主詞(過去式) |
Who designed the new Hong Kong MTR station layout last year?(去年誰設計了香港地鐵新站的佈局?) |
A renowned architectural firm from London designed it.(一家來自倫敦的知名建築公司設計的。) |
|
Who 作受詞(現在式) |
Who do you usually meet for coffee in Taipei on weekends?(你週末通常在台北跟誰喝咖啡?) |
I usually meet my college friends from National Taiwan University.(我通常跟台灣大學的大學朋友見面。) |
|
Who 作受詞(過去式) |
Who did Xiaowang interview for the marketing position in Kowloon?(小王面試了誰應徵九龍的行銷職位?) |
He interviewed three candidates with extensive digital marketing experience.(他面試了三位具有豐富數位行銷經驗的候選人。) |
1.2. Whom 的正式用法表
|
使用情境 |
WH 問句範例 |
口語替代方式 |
|
介詞之後(正式) |
To whom should I address this proposal for the Hong Kong office?(我應該將這份給香港辦公室的提案寄給誰?) |
Who should I address this proposal to? |
|
直接受詞(正式) |
Whom did the Taipei headquarters select for the overseas assignment?(台北總部選了誰去海外派駐?) |
Who did the headquarters select? |
|
與介詞連用(正式) |
With whom is Xiaowang collaborating on the cross-border project?(小王和誰一起合作跨境專案?) |
Who is Xiaowang collaborating with? |
|
詢問受益者(正式) |
For whom did you prepare this comprehensive market analysis?(你為誰準備這份詳盡的市場分析?) |
Who did you prepare this for? |
1.3. Whose 所有權問句表
|
詢問對象 |
問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
物品所有權 |
Whose laptop is this on the Taipei conference room desk?(台北會議室桌上這台筆電是誰的?) |
That's Xiaowang's laptop. He left it here after the morning meeting.(那是小王的筆電。他早上開會後留在這裡的。) |
|
責任歸屬 |
Whose responsibility is it to verify the Hong Kong shipment data?(驗證香港貨運數據是誰的責任?) |
It's the logistics manager's responsibility to check all shipment records.(檢查所有貨運記錄是物流經理的責任。) |
|
創意歸屬 |
Whose idea was it to launch the product in Taiwan market first?(先在台灣市場推出產品是誰的主意?) |
It was the marketing director's idea based on consumer research.(那是行銷總監根據消費者研究提出的主意。) |
|
文件所有權 |
Whose passport and documents are still at the Hong Kong immigration office?(誰的護照和文件還在香港入境處?) |
Those are Mr. Wang's documents. He needs to collect them by Friday.(那些是王先生的文件。他需要在星期五前領取。) |
2. What / Which(問事物)
What 用於開放式詢問事物,行為或資訊,沒有預設選項範圍,適合探索性提問。Which 用於限定範圍內的選擇,暗示有特定選項可供挑選,讓對方在既定範圍內做出選擇。
2.1. What 開放式問句表
|
詢問類型 |
WH 問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
詢問推薦 |
What do you recommend for first-time visitors to Hong Kong?(你推薦第一次到香港的遊客什麼?) |
I recommend visiting Victoria Peak,taking the Star Ferry,and exploring the Temple Street Night Market.(我推薦去太平山頂,搭天星小輪,還有逛廟街夜市。) |
|
詢問差異 |
What is the main difference between Taipei MRT and Hong Kong MTR systems?(台北捷運和香港地鐵系統的主要差異是什麼?) |
The main differences are the fare structure and operational hours. Hong Kong MTR runs later into the night.(主要差異在於票價結構和營運時間。香港地鐵營運到較晚。) |
|
詢問目標 |
What are Xiaowang's career goals for the next five years?(小王未來五年的職業目標是什麼?) |
He aims to become a senior project manager and lead international teams across Asia.(他的目標是成為資深專案經理,領導亞洲跨國團隊。) |
|
詢問時間(搭配時間詞) |
What time does the morning train from Taipei to Taichung depart?(從台北到台中的早班火車幾點開?) |
The earliest high-speed rail departs at 6:30 AM from Taipei Main Station.(最早的高鐵早上 6:30 從台北車站出發。) |
2.2. Which 限定選擇問句表
|
選擇情境 |
WH 問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
二選一 |
Which color do you prefer for the company logo,blue or orange?(你比較喜歡公司標誌用哪個顏色,藍色還是橘色?) |
I prefer blue because it conveys trust and professionalism.(我比較喜歡藍色,因為它傳達信任和專業。) |
|
路線選擇 |
Which route is faster to Hong Kong Airport,the tunnel or the bridge?(到香港機場哪條路線比較快,隧道還是橋?) |
The tunnel is usually faster during rush hour,but the bridge has better scenery.(隧道在尖峰時段通常比較快,但橋的風景比較好。) |
|
候選人比較 |
Which candidate has more experience in the Taiwan market?(哪位候選人在台灣市場有較豐富的經驗?) |
Ms. Lin has worked in Taiwan's tech industry for over ten years.(林小姐在台灣科技業工作超過十年。) |
|
產品比較 |
Which smartphone model offers better value in the Taipei electronics market?(在台北電子市場哪款智慧手機性價比較高?) |
The mid-range models from local brands offer excellent features at competitive prices.(本地品牌的中階機型以具競爭力的價格提供優良功能。) |
What 與 Which 的對比使用:
|
情境 |
What 問句(開放式) |
Which 問句(限定式) |
|
語言詢問 |
What languages do you speak?(你會說什麼語言?) |
Which language do you prefer,Mandarin or Cantonese?(你比較喜歡哪種語言,國語還是粵語?) |
|
餐廳選擇 |
What restaurants do you like in Hong Kong?(你喜歡香港的什麼餐廳?) |
Which restaurant should we go to,the one in Causeway Bay or Tsim Sha Tsui?(我們應該去哪間餐廳,銅鑼灣那間還是尖沙咀那間?) |
|
交通方式 |
What transportation do you usually use?(你通常用什麼交通工具?) |
Which metro line goes to Taipei 101,the red or the blue line?(哪條捷運線到台北 101,紅線還是藍線?) |
3. When(問時間)
When 專門詢問時間相關資訊,包括具體時刻,日期,時期或時間點。這個 WH 問句讓對話雙方能準確協調時間安排,是日常溝通中最常用的問句之一。
When 問句的時間詢問表:
|
時間類型 |
問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
詢問生日 |
When is Xiaowang's birthday celebration at the Taipei restaurant?(小王在台北餐廳的生日慶祝是什麼時候?) |
His birthday party is scheduled for next Saturday evening at 7 PM.(他的生日派對訂在下週六晚上 7 點。) |
|
詢問公布時間 |
When did the Hong Kong Stock Exchange announce the quarterly results?(香港證券交易所何時公布季度業績?) |
They announced the results last Thursday morning before market opening.(他們在上週四早上開市前公布業績。) |
|
詢問生效日期 |
When will the new workplace policy take effect in the Taipei office?(新的職場政策何時在台北辦公室生效?) |
The new policy will be implemented starting from the first of next month.(新政策將從下個月一日開始實施。) |
|
詢問空檔時間 |
When are you available for a meeting to discuss the Hong Kong expansion?(你何時有空開會討論香港擴展計畫?) |
I'm available next Tuesday afternoon or Wednesday morning.(我下週二下午或週三早上有空。) |
When 問句的時期詢問表:
|
詢問重點 |
WH 問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
學業時期 |
When did you graduate from National Taiwan University?(你何時從台灣大學畢業?) |
I graduated in June 2020 with a degree in business administration.(我在 2020 年 6 月畢業,主修企業管理。) |
|
最佳時節 |
When is the best season to visit Hong Kong for pleasant weather?(什麼季節最適合造訪香港以享受宜人天氣?) |
Late autumn to early winter,from November to January,offers the most comfortable temperature.(深秋到初冬,從十一月到一月,氣溫最舒適。) |
|
開始時間 |
When should Xiaowang start the preparation for the annual Taipei conference?(小王應該何時開始準備台北年度會議?) |
He should begin preparations at least three months in advance to coordinate with all departments.(他應該至少提前三個月開始準備,以便與各部門協調。) |
|
完成期限 |
When does the project proposal need to be submitted to Hong Kong headquarters?(專案提案需要何時提交到香港總部?) |
The final proposal must be submitted by the end of this month,no later than the 30th.(最終提案必須在本月底前提交,不得晚於 30 號。) |
4. Where(問地點)
Where 用於詢問位置,地點或場所,從具體地址到抽象位置都能涵蓋。這個 WH 問句在導航,規劃和描述空間關係時極為重要,是旅遊和商務場合的必備問句。
Where 問句的具體地點詢問表
|
地點類型 |
問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
交通設施 |
Where is the nearest MRT station from the Taipei World Trade Center?(離台北世貿中心最近的捷運站在哪裡?) |
The nearest station is Taipei 101/World Trade Center Station on the red line,about a 5 minutes' walk.(最近的是紅線的台北 101/世貿站,步行約 5 分鐘。) |
|
停車位置 |
Where did Xiaowang park his car near the Hong Kong Convention Center?(小王把車停在香港會議展覽中心附近哪裡?) |
He parked in the underground parking lot of the adjacent shopping mall.(他停在旁邊購物中心的地下停車場。) |
|
交通路線 |
Where does this bus from Central go in Hong Kong?(這班從中環出發的公車在香港開往哪裡?) |
This bus goes to Stanley via Repulse Bay,passing several scenic beaches.(這班車經淺水灣前往赤柱,途經幾個風景優美的海灘。) |
|
設施位置 |
Where are the restrooms located on this floor of Taipei 101?(台北 101 這層樓的洗手間位於哪裡?) |
The restrooms are located near the elevators on the east side of the building.(洗手間位於大樓東側電梯附近。) |
Where 問句的抽象位置詢問表
|
抽象概念 |
WH 問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
職涯規劃 |
Where do you see yourself professionally five years from now?(你認為自己五年後在職業上會在什麼位置?) |
I envision myself leading a regional team and managing major projects across Asia-Pacific markets.(我預期自己領導區域團隊,管理亞太市場的大型專案。) |
|
工作重點 |
Where should we focus our marketing efforts in the Taiwan market?(我們應該把行銷力氣集中在台灣市場的哪裡?) |
We should focus on digital channels and social media platforms popular among young consumers.(我們應該專注於年輕消費者喜愛的數位管道和社群媒體平台。) |
|
資訊來源 |
Where does this financial data about Hong Kong property market come from?(這個關於香港房地產市場的財務數據從哪裡來?) |
This data comes from official government statistics and reputable real estate research firms.(這些數據來自官方政府統計和信譽良好的房地產研究公司。) |
|
問題癥結 |
Where did Xiaowang's presentation go wrong during the client meeting?(小王在客戶會議中的簡報哪裡出錯了?) |
The main issue was in the financial projections section,where some figures were incorrectly calculated.(主要問題在財務預測部分,有些數字計算錯誤。) |
5. Why(問原因)
Why 詢問原因,理由或目的,幫助理解動機和因果關係。這類 WH 問句常用於深入探討決策背後的邏輯或事件發生的緣由,是分析性對話的核心工具。
Why 問句的原因詢問表
|
詢問情境 |
問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
職業選擇 |
Why did Xiaowang choose to work in Hong Kong's financial sector?(小王為什麼選擇在香港金融業工作?) |
He chose Hong Kong because of its dynamic financial market and excellent career growth opportunities.(他選擇香港是因為其充滿活力的金融市場和絕佳的職涯發展機會。) |
|
功能重要性 |
Why is customer feedback feature important for our Taipei e-commerce platform?(為什麼客戶回饋功能對我們台北電商平台很重要?) |
This feature is crucial because it builds trust,improves products based on real user experiences,and increases conversion rates.(這個功能很重要,因為它建立信任,根據真實用戶體驗改善產品,並提高轉換率。) |
|
結果差異 |
Why were the sales results different from our expectations in the Hong Kong market?(為什麼香港市場的銷售結果與我們預期不同?) |
The results differed because of unexpected economic factors and increased competition from emerging brands.(結果不同是因為意外的經濟因素和新興品牌的競爭加劇。) |
|
品牌信任 |
Why should customers trust our brand over established competitors in Taiwan?(客戶為什麼應該信任我們的品牌而非台灣的老牌競爭對手?) |
Customers should trust us because we offer superior quality,innovative features,and exceptional after-sales service.(客戶應該信任我們,因為我們提供優質品質,創新功能和卓越的售後服務。) |
Why 問句的口語替代用法(What...for)
|
正式 Why 問句 |
口語 What...for 問句 |
中文翻譯 |
|
Why did you do that? |
What did you do that for? |
你為什麼那樣做? |
|
Why do we need these tools? |
What are these tools for? |
我們為什麼需要這些工具? |
|
Why did Xiaowang go to Taipei? |
What did Xiaowang go to Taipei for? |
小王為什麼去台北? |
|
Why are you studying Cantonese? |
What are you studying Cantonese for? |
你為什麼學粵語? |
6. How(問方法/狀態/程度)
How 是功能最多樣的 WH 疑問詞,可詢問方式,方法,狀態或程度。更重要的是,How 能與形容詞或副詞英文結合,形成多種複合 WH 疑問詞,大幅擴展 WH 問句的提問範圍。
How 基本用法問句表
|
用法類型 |
問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
方法詢問 |
How do you solve complex programming problems at your Taipei tech startup?(你如何解決台北新創公司的複雜程式問題?) |
I break down the problem into smaller components,research best practices,and collaborate with senior developers.(我把問題分解成小部分,研究最佳實踐,並與資深開發人員合作。) |
|
技能提升 |
How can Xiaowang improve his Cantonese speaking skills in Hong Kong?(小王如何在香港改善他的粵語口說技巧?) |
He can join language exchange groups,watch local TV programs,and practice with native-speaking colleagues daily.(他可以加入語言交換小組,觀看本地電視節目,並每天與母語同事練習。) |
|
系統運作 |
How does the Taipei smart transportation system process real-time data?(台北智慧交通系統如何處理即時數據?) |
The system uses AI algorithms to analyze traffic patterns,adjust signal timing,and provide route recommendations.(系統使用 AI 演算法分析交通模式,調整號誌時間並提供路線建議。) |
How 複合用法完整表:
|
複合疑問詞 |
詢問對象 |
WH 問句範例 |
回答範例 |
|
How many |
可數名詞數量 |
How many employees work in Xiaowang's department at the Taipei headquarters?(小王在台北總部的部門有多少員工?) |
There are twenty-five employees including five managers and twenty staff members.(包括五位經理和二十位職員共有二十五名員工。) |
|
How much |
不可數名詞/價格 |
How much does a monthly apartment rent cost in Central Hong Kong?(在香港中環租公寓一個月要多少錢?) |
A one-bedroom apartment in Central typically costs between HKD 18,000 to 25,000 per month.(中環的一房公寓月租通常在港幣 18,000 到 25,000 元之間。) |
|
How often |
頻率 |
How often does Xiaowang travel from Taipei to Hong Kong for business meetings?(小王多常從台北到香港出差開會?) |
He travels approximately twice a month for regional coordination meetings and client presentations.(他大約每月出差兩次參加區域協調會議和客戶簡報。) |
|
How long |
時間長度 |
How long will the annual shareholders meeting at Taipei International Convention Center last?(台北國際會議中心的年度股東大會會持續多久?) |
The meeting is scheduled to last approximately three hours,from 2 PM to 5 PM.(會議預計持續約三小時,從下午 2 點到 5 點。) |
|
How far |
距離 |
How far is it from Hong Kong Airport to Tsim Sha Tsui shopping district?(從香港機場到尖沙咀購物區有多遠?) |
It's approximately 35 kilometers and takes about 25-30 minutes by Airport Express train.(大約 35 公里,搭機場快線約需 25 到 30 分鐘。) |
|
How old |
年齡/年份 |
How old was Xiaowang when he started learning English in Taiwan?(小王在台灣幾歲開始學英語?) |
He started learning English at age seven when he entered elementary school.(他七歲進入小學時開始學英語。) |
|
How tall/ high |
高度 |
How tall is Taipei 101 including its spire?(台北 101 包含尖頂有多高?) |
Taipei 101 stands at 508 meters,making it one of the world's tallest buildings.(台北 101 高 508 公尺,是世界最高建築之一。) |
|
How deep |
深度 |
How deep is Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong on average?(香港維多利亞港平均有多深?) |
Victoria Harbour has an average depth of about 12 meters,with deeper sections reaching 20 meters.(維多利亞港平均深度約 12 公尺,較深處達 20 公尺。) |
|
How wide |
寬度 |
How wide is the main boulevard in front of Taipei City Hall?(台北市政府前的主要大道有多寬?) |
The boulevard is approximately 50 meters wide with multiple lanes for traffic and dedicated bike paths.(大道約 50 公尺寬,有多個車道和專用自行車道。) |
IV. 進階技巧:讓你的 WH 問句更道地
掌握基礎 WH 問句文法之後,這些進階技巧能讓您的英語提問更自然專業,提升 WH 問句的表達層次。
1. 語調運用(Intonation)與 WH 問句
WH 問句通常使用降調(falling intonation),與 Yes/No 問句的升調不同。說話時 WH 疑問詞 起始音調較高,句尾自然下降,這種語調變化讓 WH 問句聽起來更自信且有目的性。
語調規則對照表:
|
問句類型 |
語調模式 |
問句範例 |
功能說明 |
|
WH 問句(降調) |
起高結低 ↘️ |
Where is Taipei 101? ↘️ |
表達明確提問意圖 |
|
Yes/No 問句(升調) |
句尾上揚 ↗️ |
Is this your bag? ↗️ |
表達詢問與不確定 |
|
WH 問句(降調) |
起高結低 ↘️ |
Why↗️ did Xiaowang resign? ↘️ |
尋求具體資訊 |
|
Yes/No 問句(升調) |
句尾上揚 ↗️ |
Did Xiaowang resign? ↗️ |
確認事實真偽 |
正確的語調能避免 WH 問句聽起來不確定或過於試探,在專業場合特別重要。練習時可以錄音比對母語人士的語調模式,逐步內化這個規律。
2. 間接問句(Indirect Questions)
間接問句讓 WH 問句更委婉禮貌,特別適合正式場合或初次交流。這種句型將直接 WH 問句嵌入陳述句結構中,改變詞序並避免使用助動詞倒裝。
直接問句轉間接問句對照表:
|
情境類型 |
直接 WH 問句 |
間接 WH 問句(更禮貌) |
|
詢問位置 |
Where is the manager's office in Taipei building?(經理辦公室在台北大樓哪裡?) |
Could you tell me where the manager's office is in Taipei building?(能否告訴我經理辦公室在台北大樓哪裡?) |
|
詢問時間 |
What time does the Hong Kong ferry leave?(香港渡輪幾點開?) |
Do you know what time the Hong Kong ferry leaves?(你知道香港渡輪幾點開嗎?) |
|
詢問方法 |
How can I access the company intranet system?(我如何存取公司內部網路系統?) |
I was wondering how I can access the company intranet system.(我想知道如何存取公司內部網路系統。) |
|
詢問原因 |
Why was the Taipei meeting postponed?(為什麼台北會議延期了?) |
Could you explain why the Taipei meeting was postponed?(能否解釋為什麼台北會議延期了?) |
|
詢問對象 |
Who should I contact about the Hong Kong visa?(我應該聯繫誰關於香港簽證?) |
Would you mind telling me who I should contact about the Hong Kong visa?(您介意告訴我應該聯繫誰關於香港簽證嗎?) |
間接問句重要規則:WH 詞後方使用正常陳述句詞序,不需 WH 問句倒裝。這讓語氣更溫和,適合請求他人協助或在不確定的情況下提問。
3. 強調用法(Emphasis)
當需要強調疑問或表達驚訝時,可以在 WH 問句中加入特定詞彙增強語氣,讓問句更有感染力。
強調技巧對照表:
|
強調方式 |
英文問句範例 |
語氣功能 |
|
使用 do/ does/ did 強調 |
What did you say about the Taipei project?(你剛才關於台北專案說了什麼?) |
強調沒聽清楚或難以置信 |
|
使用 do/ does/ did 強調 |
Who does know the password to Hong Kong office system?(到底誰知道香港辦公室系統密碼?) |
強調急迫性與重要性 |
|
使用 on earth 困惑 |
What on earth are you doing with Xiaowang's files?(你到底在對小王的檔案做什麼?) |
表達不解與關切 |
|
使用 in the world 驚訝 |
Where in the world did you find this rare Taipei vintage poster?(你究竟在哪裡找到這張罕見的台北復古海報?) |
強調驚訝與好奇 |
|
使用 on earth 讚嘆 |
How on earth did you finish the Hong Kong report so quickly?(你到底如何這麼快完成香港報告?) |
表達讚嘆與驚奇 |
|
使用 in the world 質疑 |
Why in the world would anyone invest in that failed Taipei startup?(究竟為什麼有人會投資那個失敗的台北新創公司?) |
表達強烈質疑 |
V. 實戰演練:英文疑問句練習 - WH 問句練習題(附詳解)
透過這些 WH 問句練習題,您可以檢測自己對疑問詞英文的掌握程度並發現需要加強的部分。這個 英文疑問句練習 章節提供完整的 WH 問句練習題目與詳細解答。
1. 練習一:選擇正確的 WH 疑問詞
請選擇最適合的疑問詞填入空格:
-
_____ wrote this comprehensive market analysis report for Hong Kong? It's exceptional work.(A)Who(B)Whom(C)Whose(D)What
-
_____ laptop is still on the Taipei conference room table after the meeting?(A)Who(B)Whom(C)Whose(D)Which
-
_____ did Xiaowang arrive at Hong Kong International Airport for his connecting flight?(A)What(B)When(C)Where(D)Why
-
_____ is the nearest hospital from the Taipei 101 shopping district?(A)When(B)What(C)Where(D)Which
-
_____ should we prioritize this Hong Kong expansion project over other initiatives?(A)What(B)How(C)Why(D)When
-
_____ does it take to learn advanced business English for international trade?(A)How long(B)How many(C)How often(D)How much
-
_____ pineapple cakes do you need for the Taipei corporate gift packages?(A)How much(B)How many(C)How often(D)How long
-
_____ do you prefer for the Hong Kong office location,Causeway Bay or Central?(A)What(B)Which(C)Where(D)Why
-
_____ international team members attended the virtual training session from Taiwan?(A)How much(B)How often(C)How many(D)How far
-
_____ information did the Hong Kong financial consultant provide about investment regulations?(A)How many(B)How much(C)How often(D)How long
2. 練習二:重組正確的 WH 問句
將以下單字重組成文法正確的 WH 問句:
-
did / where / Xiaowang / study / abroad / for his MBA
-
the Taipei annual conference / who / organized / successfully / last month
-
does / how / work / this advanced / Hong Kong / MTR / ticketing system
-
your favorite / what / is / Taiwanese food / and / why / do you like it
-
is / when / the final deadline / for / the Hong Kong / project submission
-
international customers / many / how / visited / the Taipei / electronics store / during the sale
-
is / whose / this / expensive / briefcase / in / the executive / lobby
-
often / how / do / you / check / your / business email / when traveling
-
should / which / we / choose / marketing strategy / for / the Hong Kong / campaign launch
-
happened / what / during / Xiaowang's / important / client presentation / at Taipei / World Trade Center
3. 練習三:WH 問句 改錯題
找出以下 WH 問句中的錯誤並改正:
-
What time does the morning flight to Hong Kong departs from Taipei?
-
Who did wrote this excellent article about Taiwan's tech industry?
-
Where you went last weekend for the team building activity?
-
How many time do you need to complete the Hong Kong market research?
-
Which color laptop do you prefer it for the new Taipei office?
-
When the major project will be completed by Xiaowang's team?
-
Why you didn't attend the important client meeting in Hong Kong?
-
Whose is this innovative idea for the Taiwan product launch?
-
How does look the final prototype design for the new model?
-
What you are talking about regarding the Taipei expansion plan?
4. WH 問句練習解答與詳解
練習一解答:
-
(A)Who - Who 問句,詢問人物且作主詞,不需倒裝。報告的撰寫者是句子的主體。
-
(C)Whose - 詢問所有權,後接名詞 laptop。Whose 專門用於詢問物品歸屬。
-
(B)When - 詢問抵達時間英文。When 是詢問時間點的標準 WH 疑問詞。
-
(C)Where - 詢問地點位置。Where 用於詢問具體或相對位置。
-
(C)Why - 詢問原因理由。Why 用於探討決策背後的邏輯或動機。
-
(A)How long - 詢問時間長度。學習是一個持續過程,需要詢問時間長度而非次數或數量。
-
(B)How many - 詢問可數名詞 pineapple cakes 的數量。How many 專門搭配可數名詞。
-
(B)Which - 在兩個明確選項中做限定選擇。Which 暗示選項範圍已知且有限。
-
(C)How many - 詢問可數名詞 members 的數量。團隊成員是可數的個體。
-
(B)How much - 詢問不可數名詞 information 的量。資訊是不可數名詞,使用 How much。
練習二解答:
-
Where did Xiaowang study abroad for his MBA?(小王在哪裡留學攻讀 MBA?)➡️ Where 問句,使用過去式助動詞 did,後接主詞和原形動詞 study。
-
Who organized the Taipei annual conference successfully last month?(誰上個月成功組織了台北年度會議?)➡️ 解析:Who 作主詞的 Who 問句 不需倒裝,直接接動詞過去式 organized。
-
How does this advanced Hong Kong MTR ticketing system work?(這個先進的香港地鐵售票系統如何運作?)➡️ 解析:How 問句,使用現在式助動詞 does,後接主詞和原形動詞 work。
-
What is your favorite Taiwanese food and why do you like it?(你最喜歡的台灣食物是什麼,為什麼你喜歡它?)➡️ 解析:複合句,What 搭配 be 動詞,Why 搭配助動詞 do。
-
When is the final deadline for the Hong Kong project submission?(香港專案提交的最後期限是什麼時候?)➡️ 解析:When 問句搭配 be 動詞 is,詢問時間點。
-
How many international customers visited the Taipei electronics store during the sale?(特賣期間有多少國際顧客造訪台北電子商店?)➡️ 解析:How many 問句,過去式,customers 是可數名詞。
-
Whose expensive briefcase is this in the executive lobby?(行政大廳裡這個昂貴的公事包是誰的?)➡️ 解析:Whose 後直接接名詞 briefcase,然後是 be 動詞和其他成分。
-
How often do you check your business email when traveling?(你旅行時多常查看商務電子郵件?)➡️ 解析:How often 問句詢問頻率,使用助動詞 do。
-
Which marketing strategy should we choose for the Hong Kong campaign launch?(我們應該為香港行銷活動推出選擇哪個行銷策略?)➡️ 解析:Which 問句搭配情態動詞 should,詢問限定選擇。
-
What happened during Xiaowang's important client presentation at Taipei World Trade Center?(小王在台北世貿中心的重要客戶簡報期間發生了什麼?)➡️ 解析:What 作主詞的 WH 問句不需倒裝,直接接動詞過去式 happened。
練習三解答:
-
錯誤:departs → 改正:What time does the morning flight to Hong Kong depart from Taipei?➡️ 解析:助動詞 does 後面必須使用原形動詞,不能用第三人稱單數形式。
-
錯誤:did wrote → 改正:Who wrote this excellent article about Taiwan's tech industry?➡️ 解析:Who 作主詞的 Who 問句 不需助動詞,直接使用過去式動詞 wrote。
-
錯誤:you went → 改正:Where did you go last weekend for the team building activity?➡️ 解析:WH 問句需要助動詞 did 並進行 WH 問句倒裝,使用原形動詞 go。
-
錯誤:many time → 改正:How much time do you need to complete the Hong Kong market research?➡️ 解析:time(時間)是不可數名詞,必須使用 How much 而非 How many。
-
錯誤:prefer it → 改正:Which color laptop do you prefer for the new Taipei office?➡️ 解析:不需要重複代名詞 it,因為 Which 已經指代要選擇的對象。
-
錯誤:When the major project → 改正:When will the major project be completed by Xiaowang's team?➡️ 解析:WH 問句需要 WH 問句倒裝,將助動詞 will 移到主詞前面。
-
錯誤:Why you didn't → 改正:Why didn't you attend the important client meeting in Hong Kong?➡️ 解析:WH 問句需要倒裝,將否定助動詞 didn't 移到主詞前面。
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錯誤:Whose is → 改正:Whose innovative idea is this for the Taiwan product launch?➡️ 解析:Whose 後面必須接名詞,不能單獨使用。正確結構是 Whose + 名詞 + be 動詞。
-
錯誤:How does look → 改正:How does the final prototype design look for the new model? 或 What does the final prototype design look like?➡️ 解析:需要將主詞 the final prototype design 放在助動詞和動詞之間,或使用 What...look like 句型。
-
錯誤:What you are → 改正:What are you talking about regarding the Taipei expansion plan?➡️ 解析:WH 問句需要倒裝,將 be 動詞 are 移到主詞 you 前面。
VI. WH 問句的進階問答(FAQ)
1. 口語中可以將 WH 詞放在句尾嗎?
在非正式口語對話中,說話者有時會將 WH 疑問詞置於句尾以表達驚訝,困惑或要求重複說明,這種用法稱為 Echo Questions(回聲問句)。雖然這種結構在日常對話中常見,但不適合用於正式寫作或專業溝通場合。
回聲問句(Echo Questions)對照表:
|
標準 WH 問句 |
回聲問句(句尾 WH 詞) |
中文翻譯 |
使用情境 |
|
Where are you going? |
You're going where?↗️ |
你要去哪裡? |
對聽到的資訊感到驚訝 |
|
What did he say? |
He said what? ↗️ |
他說什麼? |
要求對方重複剛才的話 |
|
When is the meeting? |
The meeting is when? ↗️ |
會議是什麼時候? |
確認剛聽到的時間資訊 |
|
Why did Xiaowang resign? |
Xiaowang resigned why? ↗️ |
小王為什麼辭職? |
對突然得知的消息表示困惑 |
重要提醒:回聲問句通常搭配升調(↗️),語氣較為口語化隨興。在商務場合或學術寫作中,建議使用標準的 WH 問句 結構。這種非標準形式僅適合親近朋友或家人之間的非正式對話。
2. 介詞在 WH 問句中應該放在哪裡?
介系詞英文在 WH 問句中有兩種放置位置,選擇取決於正式程度和語境。這是 WH 問句文法中常見的困惑點。
介詞位置對照表:
|
正式程度 |
介詞位置 |
問句範例 |
使用場合 |
|
口語/現代(較常用) |
介詞置於句尾 |
Who are you talking to about the Taipei project?(你在跟誰談論台北專案?) |
日常對話,商務口語 |
|
正式/傳統(較少用) |
介詞前置於 WH 詞 |
To whom are you talking about the Taipei project?(您在與誰討論台北專案?) |
正式文件,學術寫作 |
|
口語/現代 |
介詞置於句尾 |
What are you looking for in the Hong Kong office?(你在香港辦公室找什麼?) |
日常溝通 |
|
正式/傳統 |
介詞前置於 WH 詞 |
For what are you looking in the Hong Kong office?(您在香港辦公室尋找何物?) |
極正式場合(較不自然) |
|
口語/現代 |
介詞置於句尾 |
Where did Xiaowang come from originally?(小王原本從哪裡來?) |
一般對話 |
|
正式/傳統 |
介詞前置於 WH 詞 |
From where did Xiaowang come originally?(小王原本來自何處?) |
正式書面語 |
|
口語/現代 |
介詞置於句尾 |
Which company does he work for in Taiwan?(他在台灣為哪家公司工作?) |
口語表達 |
|
正式/傳統 |
介詞前置於 WH 詞 |
For which company does he work in Taiwan?(他供職於台灣哪家公司?) |
正式報告 |
實用建議:多數情況下,介詞置於句尾的用法更自然且被廣泛接受,除非特定場合要求極高正式度。在現代英語中,即使是商務場合,介詞後置也是完全專業且適當的用法。只有在極其正式的法律文件或學術論文中,才需要考慮介詞前置。
3. Whose 和 Who's 有什麼不同?
許多學習者混淆這兩個詞,但它們的意義和用法完全不同,只是發音相似。這是 WH 問句學習中最常見的錯誤之一。
Whose 與 Who's 完整對比表:
|
比較項目 |
Whose(所有格疑問詞) |
Who's(縮寫) |
|
完整形式 |
Whose(無縮寫) |
Who is 或 Who has 的縮寫英文 |
|
意義 |
「誰的」,用於詢問所有權或歸屬關係 |
「誰是」或「誰已經」 |
|
文法功能 |
疑問詞,後面必須接名詞 |
主詞 + be 動詞或完成式助動詞 |
|
發音 |
/huːz/ |
/huːz/(完全相同) |
|
範例 |
Whose smartphone is ringing in the Taipei meeting room?(誰的智慧手機在台北會議室響?) |
Who's the new manager of the Hong Kong branch?(誰是香港分公司的新經理?)= Who is the new manager? |
|
Whose responsibility is this Hong Kong project?(這個香港專案是誰的責任?) |
Who's been to Taiwan before?(誰去過台灣?)= Who has been to Taiwan before? |
|
|
Whose car is parked outside the Taipei office?(誰的車停在台北辦公室外面?) |
Who's coming to tonight's dinner in Kowloon?(誰要來九龍今晚的晚餐?)= Who is coming? |
|
|
Whose advice should Xiaowang follow?(小王應該聽從誰的建議?) |
Who's finished the Hong Kong market report?(誰完成了香港市場報告?)= Who has finished? |
|
|
判斷技巧 |
後面必須接名詞(smartphone,responsibility,car,advice) |
可以展開為 Who is 或 Who has 且意思相同 |
記憶技巧:如果能夠將句子展開為「Who is」或「Who has」且意思相同,就使用 Who's。如果是在詢問所有權且後面接名詞英文,就使用 Whose。當不確定時,嘗試在心中說出完整形式,就能立即判斷正確用法。在 WH 問句中正確區分這兩者是基本功。
4. WH 問句在不同時態中的變化
WH 問句會隨著時態改變而調整助動詞和動詞形式,掌握各英文時態的 WH 問句結構能讓您在任何時間框架下都能準確提問。
WH 問句時態變化對照表:
|
時態 |
結構 |
英文問句範例 |
|
WH + do/does + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
Where does Xiaowang work in Taipei?(小王在台北哪裡工作?) |
|
|
WH + did + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
When did you visit Hong Kong last year?(你去年何時造訪香港?) |
|
|
WH + will + 主詞 + 原形動詞 |
What will happen after the Taipei conference?(台北會議後會發生什麼?) |
|
|
WH + am/ is/ are + 主詞 + V-ing |
What are they discussing in the meeting?(他們在會議中討論什麼?) |
|
|
WH + was/ were + 主詞 + V-ing |
What was Xiaowang doing in Hong Kong yesterday?(小王昨天在香港做什麼?) |
|
|
WH + has/ have + 主詞 + 過去分詞 |
Where have you been all morning?(你整個早上都在哪裡?) |
|
|
WH + had + 主詞 + 過去分詞 |
Why had they left before the Taipei event ended?(為什麼他們在台北活動結束前離開了?) |
|
|
WH + will have + 主詞 + 過去分詞 |
When will Xiaowang have finished the project?(小王何時會完成專案?) |
|
|
WH + has/have + 主詞 + been + V-ing |
What have they been discussing all morning?(他們整個上午在討論什麼?) |
|
|
WH + had + 主詞 + been + V-ing |
What had Xiaowang been working on before the meeting?(在會議前,小王一直在做什麼工作?) |
|
|
WH + will + 主詞 + be + V-ing |
What will Xiaowang be presenting at the conference tomorrow?(小王明天在會議上將展示什麼?) |
|
|
WH + will have + 主詞 + been + V-ing |
How long will Xiaowang have been working on this project by next week?(到下週,小王將已經在這個專案上工作多久了?) |
結論
掌握 WH 問句是英語溝通能力的重要里程碑,從基礎 WH 問句文法結構到進階應用技巧,每個環節都需要透過持續練習內化。本文提供的完整框架,豐富英文問句範例,Who 問句與 Who 問句回答技巧,以及實戰英文疑問句練習,能幫助您系統性建立紮實的 WH 問句能力。透過本文的 WH 問句練習與詳細解說,您將能在日常對話,學術寫作或專業溝通中精準表達提問意圖。
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