【直述句英文】Direct and Indirect Speech 全攻略:4 大轉換步驟、5 種時態例外

直述句英文是什麼?直述句英文(Direct Speech)是將說話者的原話逐字引用,並以引號標示的語法形式;相對地,間接引語英文(Indirect Speech)則是以轉述者的語言重新表達,省略引號並調整時態與人稱。這是英語語法中最實用、也最常被誤用的句型之一,從日常對話到 IELTS 寫作測驗,都離不開這項核心技能。

許多學習者以為,把引號拿掉就完成了轉換——但真正的挑戰才剛開始。時態退後、人稱代名詞的視角切換、時間副詞的全面調整,以及疑問句語序的還原,每一步都有可能造成語意偏差甚至失分。更少人知道的是,並非所有句子都必須遵循「時態退後」規則——客觀真理、條件句假設語氣與特定情態助動詞,都是公認的例外,一旦混淆,反而會把正確的句子改錯。

直述句英文轉換的真正難點,不在背規則,而在理解每一步背後的「視角轉換邏輯」——你從說話者的即時視角,切換到轉述者在另一個時間點的旁觀視角。時態退後、人稱調整、副詞更換,都只是這個視角切換在不同語法層面的具體體現。一旦理解這個邏輯,四大轉換步驟自然前後貫通。

PREPEDU 在這篇文章中,從直述句英文與間接引語英文的定義出發,完整拆解四大步驟的核心轉換規則,涵蓋陳述句、疑問句、祈使句與感嘆句的獨立公式,並深入解析五類不需退後時態的特殊情況。文末附有三組共 30 題實戰練習,搭配詳細解答,幫助你從理解走向真正的應用。

【直述句英文】Direct and Indirect Speech
【直述句英文】Direct and Indirect Speech

I. 直述句英文與間接引語英文的差異(Direct Speech vs Indirect Speech)

直接引語英文保留說話者原話視角,加引號,時態、人稱、副詞全部不動;間接引語英文切換至轉述者視角,無引號,依規則調整時態、人稱與副詞。兩者最根本的差異,是「誰的眼睛在看這件事」。 

掌握直述句英文,是英語語法學習中不可跳過的核心關卡。無論是日常對話、新聞報導,還是 IELTS 寫作與口說測驗,引述他人話語的能力都直接影響表達的精準度。直接引語英文(Direct Speech)與間接引語英文(Indirect Speech)同為引述他人話語的手段,但兩者在結構、標點、時態與人稱上存在根本差異,必須分開理解、分開運用。

值得注意的是,「Indirect Speech」與「Reported Speech」是同一個語法概念的兩種稱呼,在教材與考試中可以互換使用,學習時不必困惑。

1. 什麼是直接引語英文(Direct Speech)?

直接引語英文,是將說話者的原話逐字引用,不作任何更動,必須以引號(" ")括住,並完整保留原始的時態、人稱、副詞與語序。這種方式傳遞的是話語的「即時感」,讓讀者或聽者感受到原始表達的溫度。

書寫時,引號內的第一個字必須大寫,並以逗號將引述內容與轉述動詞分開。

結構公式:

轉述動詞 + 「引用原話」,或「引用原話,」+ 轉述動詞

  • She said, "I am preparing for the IELTS exam in Taipei next month."(她說:「我下個月要在台北備考雅思。」)

  • "There is a new café near Zhongshan Station," Xiaowang told me.(小王告訴我:「中山站附近開了一家新咖啡廳。」)

直述句英文與間接引語英文的差異
直述句英文與間接引語英文的差異

2. 什麼是間接引語英文(Indirect Speech / 轉述句英文)?

轉述句英文(Indirect Speech),又稱 Reported Speech,是以說話者自己的語言重述他人的話,不加引號,通常以連接詞英文 that 引導(口語中可省略),並依據轉述當下的語境調整時態、人稱與時間地點副詞。間接引語英文強調的是「意思的傳達」,而非原話的重現。

結構公式:

轉述動詞 +(that)+ 已調整的子句

  • She said (that) she was preparing for the IELTS exam in Taipei the following month.(她說她下個月要在台北備考雅思。)

  • Xiaowang said (that) there was a new café near Zhongshan Station(他說中山站附近開了一家新咖啡廳。)

直述句英文與轉述句英文的核心差異對照:

比較項目

直接引語英文(Direct Speech)

間接引語英文(Indirect Speech)

引號

必須使用 " "

不使用

連接詞

that(可省略)

時態

保留原始時態

依規則退後(有例外)

人稱代名詞

依說話者視角

依轉述者視角調整

時間、地點副詞

使用原詞

依語境調整

語序(問句)

疑問句語序

恢復直述句語序

II. 直述句英文轉間接句的 4 大步驟

將直述句英文轉為間接引語英文,必須同時處理四個語法層面:選擇轉述動詞 → 時態退後 → 人稱轉換 → 時間地點副詞調整。四步驟缺一不可,按順序執行,每一步都有明確規則可循。 

將直述句英文轉換為間接引語英文,絕不是單純去掉引號那麼簡單。你需要同時處理四個語法層面,缺一不可。每一個步驟都有明確的規則可循,只要按順序掌握,轉換過程便能條理分明。

1. 步驟一:選擇適當的轉述動詞

轉述動詞(Reporting Verbs)決定整個句子的語氣與意涵。選用不同的動詞,傳達的情感色彩與句意重點截然不同。最基礎的區分是 say 與 tell 的差異:say 後方不接受詞,tell 後方必須接受詞,表明是「告訴某人」。

轉述動詞

中文意義

搭配結構

適用情境

say

say (that),不接受詞

一般陳述,無特定受詞

tell

告訴

tell + 受詞 + (that)

陳述句,有明確受詞

ask

詢問、請求

ask + 受詞 + if / wh-

問句或請求轉述

order

命令

order + 受詞 + to V

強制性指令

warn

警告

warn + 受詞 + not to V

警告不要做某事

advise

建議

advise + 受詞 + to V

提供忠告

suggest

建議

suggest + that + S + (should) V 或 suggest + Ving

非強制性建議

exclaim

驚嘆

exclaim that

表達強烈情緒

explain

解釋

explain that

說明或闡述

announce

宣布

announce that

正式宣告

complain

抱怨

complain that

表達不滿

admit

承認

admit that

坦承事實

deny

否認

deny + Ving

否定某事

promise

承諾

promise + to V 或 promise that

作出保證

refuse

拒絕

refuse + to V

表示拒絕

依照句意選擇最精準的轉述動詞,能讓你的直述句英文轉換為間接引語英文更自然、更有層次。這一點在 IELTS Writing 評分中同樣至關重要。

IELTS Writing 視角:在 IELTS Writing Task 1 的 Process 題型IELTS Writing Task 2 的引用論據中,單一使用 said/told 的考生,與靈活使用 announced、admitted、warned、suggested 的考生,在 Lexical Resource 維度上往往差距顯著。評分官能一眼看出「這位考生只懂最基礎的轉述動詞」。一個實用的備考策略:把上面表格中的 15 個轉述動詞各造一句,按照情緒強弱排序——這個練習比背單字清單更能建立「哪個情境用哪個動詞」的直覺。 

2. 步驟二:時態退後規則

當引導動詞為過去式(said、told、asked 等),直述句英文中的時態必須「退後」一個時間層次。這是 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 轉換中最核心的規則,也是最容易出錯的環節。

直接引語英文(原時態)

間接引語英文(退後時態)

轉換範例

現在簡單式(am / is / are / V)

過去簡單式(was / were / V-ed)

"I work in Hong Kong." → She said she worked in Hong Kong.

(「我在香港工作。」→ 她說她在香港工作。)

現在進行式(am/is/are + Ving)

過去進行式(was/were + Ving)

"He is reading." → She said he was reading.

(「他正在閱讀。」→ 她說他正在閱讀。)

現在完成式(have/has + PP)

過去完成式(had + PP)

"I have visited Kaohsiung." → He said he had visited Kaohsiung.

(「我曾經去過高雄。」→ 他說他曾經去過高雄。)

過去簡單式(V-ed)

過去完成式(had + PP)

"She left early." → He said she had left early.

(「她很早就離開了。」→ 他說她已經很早離開了。)

過去進行式(was/were + Ving)

過去完成進行式(had been + Ving)

"I was studying." → She said she had been studying.

(「我當時在讀書。」→ 她說她一直在讀書。)

過去完成式(had + PP)

過去完成式(不變)

"I had finished." → He said he had finished.

(「我已經完成了。」→ 他說他已經完成了。)

will + V

would + V

"I will call you." → She said she would call me.

(「我會打電話給你。」→ 她說她會打電話給我。)

can + V

could + V

"I can help." → He said he could help.

(「我可以幫忙。」→ 他說他可以幫忙。)

may + V

might + V

"It may rain." → She said it might rain.

(「可能會下雨。」→ 她說可能會下雨)

must + V(義務)

had to + V

"I must submit the form." → He said he had to submit the form.

(「我必須提交表格。」→ 他說他必須提交表格。)

must + V(推測)

must(不變)

"It must be true." → She said it must be true.

(「這一定是真的。」→ 她說那一定是真的。)

特別注意:過去完成式(had + PP)與過去完成進行式(had been + Ving)在直述句英文中已是最後一個時態層次,轉述時維持不變,無需再退後。

直述句英文轉間接句的 4 大步驟
直述句英文轉間接句的 4 大步驟

3. 步驟三:人稱代名詞與所有格的轉換

轉換直述句英文時,必須從「說話者的視角」切換為「轉述者的視角」。人稱代名詞與所有格的調整,依說話者、聽話者和轉述者三者之間的關係而定,沒有固定的萬用公式,必須根據具體語境判斷。

常見的轉換規律如下:

  • 第一人稱(I、we、my、our、me、us)→ 通常轉換為第三人稱(he/she/they、his/her/their、him/her/them)

  • 第二人稱(you、your)→ 依語境轉換為第一人稱或第三人稱

  • 第三人稱(he、she、they)→ 通常保持不變

轉換範例: 

Direct

Indirect

「I lost my phone on the MRT in Taipei」(Xiaomei said)(小美說。)

Xiaomei said that she had lost her phone on the MRT in Taipei.(小美說她在台北捷運上把手機弄丟了。)

「You should review your notes before the exam.」(The teacher told Xiaowang)(老師告訴小王。)

The teacher told Xiaowang that he should review his notes before the exam.(老師告訴小王他應該在考試前複習筆記。)

4. 步驟四:時間與地點副詞的變化

直述句英文中的時間與地點副詞帶有「當下」語境,一旦進入轉述場景,語境已改變,副詞必須同步調整,才能準確傳遞原意。

直接引語英文(原副詞)

間接引語英文(轉換後)

now(現在)

then(那時)

today(今天)

that day(那天)

yesterday(昨天)

the day before / the previous day(前一天)

tomorrow(明天)

the next day / the following day(隔天)

this week(這週)

that week(那週)

last week(上週)

the week before / the previous week(前一週)

next week(下週)

the following week(下一週)

this month(這個月)

that month(那個月)

last year(去年)

the year before / the previous year(前一年)

next year(明年)

the following year(隔年)

here(這裡)

there(那裡)

ago(……前)

before(……之前)

this(這個)

that(那個)

these(這些)

those(那些)

轉換範例: 

  • Direct:「I will submit the assignment tomorrow.」(Xiaolan said)(小蘭說。) 

  • Indirect:Xiaolan said she would submit the assignment the next day.(小蘭說她隔天會交作業。)

III. 常見句型轉換:直述句英文轉 Indirect Speech 結構

英語四大句型各有對應的間接引語公式。陳述句最直接;疑問句必須還原語序並用 if/wh-;祈使句用 to V 或 not to V;感嘆句用 exclaimed that 並還原為陳述結構。 

英語的句子分為四大類型,每一類直述句英文在轉為間接引語英文時都有對應的獨立公式。逐一掌握這四套結構,你就能應對絕大多數的轉述情境,無論是日常溝通或 IELTS 考試均適用。

1. 陳述句轉述

陳述句是最基本的直述句英文類型,轉換時套用下列公式即可。

公式: 

S + said / told +(受詞)+(that)+ S + V(退後時態)

That 在口語中常省略,但在正式書面語或 IELTS 寫作中建議保留。Told 後方必須接受詞,said 則不需要。

直接引語英文

間接引語英文

"I work at a company in Xianggang." (Mary said)(Mary說。)

Mary said (that) she worked at a company in Hong Kong.(Mary說她在香港的一家公司工作。)

"We have just finished the group project." (They told the teacher)(他們告訴老師。)

They told the teacher (that) they had just finished the group project.(他們告訴老師他們剛剛完成了小組報告。)

"Xiaowang is learning Mandarin calligraphy." (His mother said)(他媽媽說。)

His mother said (that) Xiaowang was learning Mandarin calligraphy.(他媽媽說小王正在學習毛筆書法。)

疑問句語序陷阱:台灣與香港學習者在間接疑問句中最常犯的錯誤,是保留了疑問句的倒裝語序——寫出「She asked where had she bought the book.」這個錯誤幾乎是 TOEIC Part 5 疑問句題型的「必考陷阱」。間接引語疑問句中,疑問詞後面必須恢復正常語序(主詞 + 動詞),因為這個子句已經變成了一個名詞子句,而名詞子句不用倒裝。這一條記住,TOEIC 疑問句題型就能直接排除錯誤選項。 

2. 疑問句轉述

疑問句是直述句英文轉換中最容易犯錯的類型。轉為間接引語英文後,必須恢復直述句語序(主詞 + 動詞),不可保留疑問句的倒裝句​結構,且句末不加問號。

  • Yes/No 問句: S + asked +(受詞)+ if / whether + S + V(退後時態)

  • Wh- 問句:S + asked +(受詞)+ Wh- 疑問詞 + S + V(退後時態)

以下是常見的疑問句轉述對照:

Direct

Indirect

「Are you going to the study group tonight?」(Xiaolan asked Xiaowang)(小蘭問小王。)

Xiaolan asked Xiaowang if he was going to the study group that night.(小蘭問小王那天晚上是否要去讀書會。)

「Where did you buy your IELTS preparation books?」(He asked her)(他問她。)

He asked her where she had bought her IELTS preparation books.(他問她在哪裡買的雅思備考書。)

「Have you ever been to Tainan?」(The tour guide asked the group)(導遊問整個團。)

The tour guide asked the group whether any of them had ever been to Tainan.(導遊問團員們是否有人去過台南。)

常見句型轉換:直述句英文轉 Indirect Speech 結構
常見句型轉換:直述句英文轉 Indirect Speech 結構

3. 祈使句與要求轉述

祈使句(命令、請求、建議)轉為間接引語英文時,使用不定詞(to V)或否定不定詞(not to V)結構,並依語氣強弱選擇對應的轉述動詞。Suggest 是特殊情況,後方使用動名詞(Ving)或 that + 子句。

公式(肯定): S + asked / told / ordered / advised + O + to V 

公式(否定): S + asked / told / ordered / warned + O + not to V suggest 

特殊用法: S + suggested + Ving 或 suggested that + S +(should)V

直接引語英文

間接引語英文

"Please hand in your report by Friday." (The manager said to Xiaomei)(經理對小美說。)

The manager asked Xiaomei to hand in her report by Friday.(經理請小美在週五前交報告。)

"Don't park your scooter in front of the building." (The guard told them)(警衛告訴他們。)

The guard told them not to park their scooters in front of the building.(警衛告訴他們不要把機車停在大樓前面。)

"Why don't we review the grammar notes together?" (Xiaowang said)(小王說。)

Xiaowang suggested reviewing the grammar notes together.(小王建議大家一起複習語法筆記。)

"You should apply for the exchange programme in Kyoto." (Her teacher said)(她的老師說。)

Her teacher advised her to apply for the exchange programme in Kyoto.(她的老師建議她申請京都的交換學生計畫。)

4. 感嘆句轉述

感嘆句帶有強烈情緒色彩,轉為間接引語英文時,需使用帶情緒意涵的轉述動詞(如 exclaim),並將感嘆句結構(What a...! / How...!)還原為完整的陳述句。

公式: 

S + exclaimed (with joy / surprise / sorrow / admiration) + that + S + V

直接引語英文

間接引語英文

"What a breathtaking view from Elephant Mountain!" (Xiaomei said)(小美說。)

Xiaomei exclaimed with admiration that the view from Elephant Mountain was breathtaking.(小美驚嘆地說象山上的景色令人屏息。)

"How fast the Kaohsiung MRT runs!" (The tourist said)(遊客說。)

The tourist exclaimed that the Kaohsiung MRT ran very fast.(遊客驚呼高雄捷運跑得非常快。)

"What a terrible result for the mock test!" (He said)(他說。)

He exclaimed with dismay that the mock test result was terrible.(他懊惱地說模擬考的成績很糟糕。)

IV. 注意事項:不需要改變時態的轉述句英文(特殊情況)

五大不退後例外,背後都有共同邏輯:時態退後是為了標記「時間距離」,但當句子本身的時態已無法再退(假設語氣)、或時態不受時間影響(客觀真理)、或引導動詞本身是現在式時,退後規則自然失效。理解邏輯,比死背例外更有效。

語法規則從來不是單線的。直述句英文轉換為間接引語英文時,「時態退後」是主要規則,但以下五種情況被公認為例外,時態不需要退後。這些例外反映的是語意邏輯,而非任意的規定。理解背後的原因,比死記更有效。

1. 引導動詞為現在式

當引導動詞是現在式(says、tells、explains、reports、writes 等),後方子句的時態維持原始形式,不退後。這種情況常見於描述「仍然有效的陳述」或「習慣性的說法」。

  • Direct:「English is the most widely used language for international business.」(The report says)(報告指出。) 

  • Indirect:The report says that English is the most widely used language for international business.(報告指出英語是國際商務中使用最廣泛的語言。)

若將 says 改為 said,後方時態才需退後為 was。

2. 描述客觀真理與不變事實

科學定律、自然法則或普世公認的真理,在直述句英文轉換後,依然維持現在簡單式,因為這些事實不受「轉述當下」的時間影響。

  • Direct:「The Earth revolves around the Sun once every 365 days.」(The science teacher said)(理科老師說。) 

  • Indirect:The science teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun once every 365 days.(理科老師說地球每365天繞太陽公轉一次。)

勉強將此類句子的時態改為過去式(revolved),在學術英文中視為不夠嚴謹的寫法,IELTS 考官亦可能扣分。

3. 第二、第三類條件句

在直述句英文中,條件句 Type 2(與現在事實相反的假設)與條件句 Type 3(與過去事實相反的假設)條件句,本身已帶有「非現實」語氣,結構固定,轉述時時態保持原樣,不再退後——因為已無法再退。

Direct

Indirect

「If I were fluent in English, I would apply for the job at the international firm.」(Xiaomei said)(小美說。)

Xiaomei said that if she were fluent in English, she would apply for the job at the international firm.(小美說如果她英語流利,她會申請那家國際公司的職位。)

「If Xiaowang had studied harder, he would have passed the TOEIC exam.」(His tutor said)(他的輔導老師說。)

His tutor said that if Xiaowang had studied harder, he would have passed the TOEIC exam.(他的輔導老師說如果小王當時更用功,他就能通過多益考試了。)

4. 特殊情態助動詞不變(Could、Should、Might、Ought to)

部分情態助動詞本身已是「過去形態」,不存在再退後的空間,因此轉述時維持不變:

  • could、should、might、ought to、would → 轉述時保持原形

  • would rather、had better → 同樣不退後

Direct

Indirect

「You should practice speaking English with native speakers.」(The IELTS coach said)(雅思教練說。)

The IELTS coach said that he should practice speaking English with native speakers.(雅思教練說他應該多和母語人士練習英語口說。)

「She might already know the answer.」(He said)(他說。)

He said that she might already know the answer.(他說她可能已經知道答案了。)

5. 過去假設語氣(wish 與 as if)

在直述句英文中,以 wish 或 as if / as though 引導的假設語氣句,其時態意義已固定,轉述時不再退後。

Direct

Indirect

「I wish I could speak Cantonese more fluently when I work in Hong Kong.」(Xiaomei said)(小美說。

Xiaomei said that she wished she could speak Cantonese more fluently when she worked in Hong Kong.(小美說她希望自己在香港工作時能說一口更流利的廣東話。)(wish 本身從現在式退為過去式,但後方 could 維持不變。)

「He talks as if he had lived in London for years.」(Her colleague said)(她的同事說。)

Her colleague said that he talked as if he had lived in London for years.(她的同事說他說話的口氣好像在倫敦住了好幾年似的。)

五大轉換步驟與五大例外已全部解析完畢。接下來的三組 30 題練習分別針對「陳述句時態處理」、「疑問句語序還原」與「祈使句及特殊例外的綜合應用」,三個面向逐一驗收。建議先不看解答獨立作答,再對照解析找出自己的知識盲點。 

V. 實戰演練:直述句與間接句綜合練習題(附解答)

理論架構建立之後,真正的鞏固靠的是練習。以下三組題型涵蓋直述句英文轉換的核心情境,包括陳述句時態處理、疑問句語序還原,以及祈使句與特殊例外的綜合應用。請先獨立完成每一題,再對照文末解答區。

1. 題型 1:陳述句與時態轉換

將下列直述句英文改寫為間接引語英文,注意時態退後。

  1. "I am preparing for the university entrance exam." (Xiaomei said)(小美說。)

  2. "We are visiting the National Palace Museum in Taipei this weekend." (They told us)(他們告訴我們。)

  3. "I have already submitted the application form." (Xiaowang said)(小王說。)

  4. "She attended the IELTS workshop in Kaohsiung last month." (He told me)(他告訴我。)

  5. "The team will present their findings next Tuesday." (The manager said)(經理說。)

  6. "I can read Traditional Chinese characters without difficulty." (She said)(她說。)

  7. "We were waiting for the train at Zhongzheng station." (They said)(他們說。)

  8. "I must renew my student visa before the deadline." (Xiaolan said)(小蘭說。)

  9. "He has been working on the translation project for three weeks." (She told me)(她告訴我。)

  10. "The café near our school may close down by the end of the year." (Xiaowang said)(小王說。)

2. 題型 2:疑問句轉換

將下列直述句英文問句改寫為間接引語英文,注意 if/whether 的使用與語序還原。

  1. "Are you planning to study abroad in the UK?" (She asked Xiaomei)(她問小美。)

  2. "Where did you buy your grammar reference book?" (He asked her)(他問她。)

  3. "Did Xiaowang pass the TOEIC test last week?" (The teacher asked us)(老師問我們。)

  4. "What time does the evening English class start?" (She asked the receptionist)(她問接待員。)

  5. "Can you help me proofread this cover letter?" (He asked his colleague)(他問他的同事。)

  6. "Why are you studying so late at night?" (Her mother asked her)(她媽媽問她。)

  7. "Have you ever tried the night market food in Tainan?" (The host asked the guests)(主持人問嘉賓。)

  8. "Who submitted the final report to the professor?" (She asked)(她問。)

  9. "How long have you been living in Hong Kong?" (He asked her)(他問她。)

  10. "Will the seminar on academic writing be held online or on campus?" (They asked the coordinator)(他們問協調員。)

3. 題型 3:祈使句與特殊狀況綜合測驗

本組題目混合祈使句轉述、客觀真理與條件句例外,考驗你對直述句英文完整規則的掌握。

  1. "Please arrive at the exam centre at least 30 minutes early." (The test coordinator told the candidates)(測試協調員告訴考生。)

  2. "Don't use your mobile phone during the lecture." (The professor told the students)(教授告訴學生。)

  3. "Why don't we take the high-speed rail to Kaohsiung instead of flying?" (Xiaomei suggested)(小美建議。)

  4. "Light travels at approximately 300,000 kilometres per second." (The physics teacher said)(物理老師說。)

  5. "Don't leave your belongings unattended at the airport." (The airline staff warned the passengers)(航空公司員工警告旅客。)

  6. "If I were a native English speaker, I would feel much more confident in job interviews." (Xiaowang said)(小王說。)

  7. "You should drink at least eight glasses of water every day." (The nutritionist told her)(營養師告訴她。)

  8. "Submit your portfolio before the end of this month." (The art director told the design team)(藝術總監告訴設計團隊。)

  9. "Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius." (The chemistry tutor said)(化學輔導老師說。)

  10. "I wish I had taken more IELTS mock tests before the real exam." (Xiaolan said)(小蘭說。)

4. 解答

題型 1 解答:

  1. Xiaomei said (that) she was preparing for the university entrance exam.(小美說她正在準備大學入學考試。)

  2. They told us (that) they were visiting the National Palace Museum in Taipei that weekend.(他們告訴我們那個週末他們要去台北故宮博物院參觀。)

  3. Xiaowang said (that) he had already submitted the application form.(小王說他已經交了申請表。)

  4. He told me (that) she had attended the IELTS workshop in Kaohsiung the previous month.(他告訴我她上個月參加了在高雄舉辦的雅思工作坊。)

  5. The manager said (that) the team would present their findings the following Tuesday.(經理說團隊將在下週二發表研究成果。)

  6. She said (that) she could read Traditional Chinese characters without difficulty.(她說她能毫無困難地閱讀繁體中文字。)

  7. They said (that) they had been waiting for the train at Zhongzheng station.(他們說他們當時在中正站等火車。)

  8. Xiaolan said (that) she had to renew her student visa before the deadline.(小蘭說她必須在截止日期前更新學生簽證。)

  9. She told me (that) he had been working on the translation project for three weeks.(她告訴我他已經為翻譯項目工作了三週。)

  10. Xiaowang said (that) the café near their school might close down by the end of the year.(小王說他們學校附近的咖啡廳可能在年底前關閉。)

題型 2 解答:

  1. She asked Xiaomei if/whether she was planning to study abroad in the UK.(她問小美是否計劃去英國留學。)

  2. He asked her where she had bought her grammar reference book.(他問她在哪裡買了那本語法參考書。)

  3. The teacher asked us if/whether Xiaowang had passed the TOEIC test the previous week.(老師問我們小王上週是否通過了多益考試。)

  4. She asked the receptionist what time the evening English class started.(她問接待員晚間英語課幾點開始。)

  5. He asked his colleague if/whether she could help him proofread the cover letter.(他問同事是否能幫他校對那份求職信。)

  6. Her mother asked her why she was studying so late at night.(她媽媽問她為什麼那麼晚還在讀書。)

  7. The host asked the guests if/whether they had ever tried the night market food in Tainan.(主持人問嘉賓們是否曾嘗試過台南夜市的小吃。)

  8. She asked who had submitted the final report to the professor.(她問是誰把期末報告交給了教授。)

  9. He asked her how long she had been living in Hong Kong.(他問她在香港住了多久。)

  10. They asked the coordinator whether the seminar on academic writing would be held online or on campus.(他們問協調員學術寫作研討會將線上或在校園舉行。)

題型 3 解答:

  1. The test coordinator told the candidates to arrive at the exam centre at least 30 minutes early.(測試協調員告訴考生至少提前30分鐘抵達考試中心。)

  2. The professor told the students not to use their mobile phones during the lecture.(教授告訴學生上課期間不得使用手機。)

  3. Xiaomei suggested taking the high-speed rail to Kaohsiung instead of flying.(小美建議搭高鐵去高雄,而不是搭飛機。)

  4. The physics teacher said that light travels at approximately 300,000 kilometres per second.(物理老師說光的速度約為每秒30萬公里。)(客觀真理,時態不變。)

  5. The airline staff warned the passengers not to leave their belongings unattended at the airport.(航空公司員工警告旅客不要在機場留下無人看管的隨身物品。)

  6. Xiaowang said that if he were a native English speaker, he would feel much more confident in job interviews.(小王說如果他是英語母語者,他在面試時會更有自信。)(Type 2 條件句,時態不變。)

  7. The nutritionist told her that she should drink at least eight glasses of water every day.(營養師告訴她每天應該至少喝八杯水。)(should 不變。)

  8. The art director told the design team to submit their portfolios before the end of that month.(藝術總監告訴設計團隊在那個月底前提交作品集。)

  9. The chemistry tutor said that water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius.(化學輔導老師說水在攝氏0度結冰,在攝氏100度沸騰。)(科學事實,時態不變。)

  10. Xiaolan said that she wished she had taken more IELTS mock tests before the real exam.(小蘭說她希望在正式考試前做了更多雅思模擬測試。)(wish 從現在式退為過去式,後方假設語氣保持不變。)

VI. 直述句英文常見問題(FAQ)

1. 間接引語中一定要用 that 嗎?

不一定。that 在間接引語中是可選的(optional),在口語和非正式書面語中通常省略:She said she was tired.(她說她很累。)在正式書面語、IELTS Writing Task 2 或學術論文中,保留 that 能讓句子結構更清晰,有助於展示對複合句的掌控。在疑問句間接引語中,that 不使用——改用 if/whether(Yes/No 問句)或 wh- 疑問詞(Wh- 問句)。簡單判斷法:陳述句轉述可以省略 that;問句轉述永遠不用 that。

2. 間接引語可以不退後時態嗎?

可以,在以下三種情況下都可以不退後:引導動詞是現在式時(He says that she is tired.);說的內容仍然是當前的事實,省略退後不影響語意(She said the meeting is at 3pm. ← 會議確實還沒開,說仍然有效);以及本文第 IV 節提到的五大例外情況。值得注意的是,在日常英語口語中,即使引導動詞是過去式,若內容仍然有效,母語者有時也不退後時態——這不是語法錯誤,只是非正式語域的慣例。在 IELTS Writing 等正式考試中,建議依照標準規則退後時態,以確保評分一致性。

3. Say 和 tell 的轉述用法有什麼差別?

這是最常見的混淆點。核心差別只有一個:tell 後面必須接受詞(被告知的人),say 後面不接受詞。

  • 正確:She told me (that) she was late.(O);She said (that) she was late.(O)。

  • 錯誤:She said me that she was late.(X);She told that she was late.(X)。

在間接引語中,如果要強調「說給某人聽」,用 tell + 人;如果只是陳述說了什麼,用 say。TOEIC Part 5 和 IELTS 都把這個混淆列為常考語法點。

結論

直述句英文(Direct Speech)與間接引語英文(Indirect Speech)的轉換,本質上是一場「視角移交」——從說話者的即時現場,切換到轉述者在另一個時間點的語言重構。時態退後、人稱調整、副詞替換,都只是這場視角移交在不同語法層面的具體執行。一旦理解這個邏輯,四大步驟自然前後貫通。

本文完整解析了直述句英文的核心定義比較、四大句型轉換公式(陳述 / 疑問 / 祈使 / 感嘆)、15 個轉述動詞選用、時態退後對應表,以及五類不退後時態的特殊例外。三組題型 30 題練習涵蓋了所有考試可能出現的轉述結構。

接下來的練習方向很具體:在這週,把你聽到的任何三句話(新聞、對話、老師說的話)寫成正確的間接引語英文,特別注意時態退後和副詞替換。把語法練習與真實語言輸入結合,才是讓直述句英文轉換從「懂了規則」進入「說話時自動執行」的最短路徑。PREPEDU 提供分主題、分難度的 IELTS 與 TOEIC 語法練習題,讓你在真實考題情境中持續鞏固直述句英文的轉換能力。

黃秋賢
英語內容專家

你好!我叫黃秋賢,現在在 prepedu.com 擔任內容企劃。我有超過5年的英語與韓語自學經歷,親身備考 IELTS、TOEIC 與 TOPIK,累積了大量第一手的學習者視角——包括哪些語法規則最讓台灣與香港學習者混淆,以及如何在有限的備考時間內最有效地修正這些錯誤。目前已在 prepedu.com 撰寫超過 1000 篇英語學習文章,內容涵蓋語法、詞彙與考試策略,累積協助數千位學習者解決自學過程中的語法疑問。

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