英文動詞三態大全:規則與不規則變化總表,記憶口訣及練習題(附 PDF 下載)

什麼是動詞三態?為什麼學英文一定要掌握它?動詞三態是指英文動詞的三種基本形式:原形動詞(V1),過去式(V2)和過去分詞(V3),這是英語時態系統的核心基礎,無論是表達過去經驗,完成式或被動語態,都必須正確使用對應的動詞形式。根據語言學研究顯示,約70%的英語動詞屬於規則變化,但剩下30%的不規則動詞卻是考試和日常溝通中最常使用的核心詞彙。

許多台灣和香港的英語學習者在準備TOEIC,IELTS等國際檢定時,經常因為混淆 go-went-gone, write-wrote-writte 等不規則動詞變化而失分。更令人困擾的是,傳統的死記硬背方法不僅效率低下,更容易造成V2(過去式)與 V3(過去分詞)的使用錯誤。

PREPEDU團隊針對這個學習痛點,整理出完整的規則與不規則動詞變化總表,涵蓋250+個常用動詞,系統化的分類記憶法(AAA/ABB/ABA/ABC型),實用記憶口訣,以及30題實戰練習題附詳解。這份指南不僅提供可下載的PDF資源,更教你如何透過音韻模式和文法邏輯,快速掌握動詞三態的正確用法,讓你在考試和實際溝通中都能精準表達。

英文動詞三態大全
英文動詞三態大全

I. 什麼是動詞三態?定義與用法簡述

英文動詞三態指的是動詞在不同時態中的三種基本形式,分別是原形動詞(V1),過去式(V2)與過去分詞(V3)。這三種形式構成了英語時態系統的基礎架構,讓我們能夠清楚表達動作發生的時間點與狀態。掌握動詞三態的概念是學習英文文法的第一步,無論是在日常對話,學術寫作或商務溝通中,都需要正確運用這三種動詞形式。

中文名稱

英文術語

簡稱

主要用途

原形動詞

Base Form / Present

V1

現在式不定詞助動詞

過去式

Past Simple

V2

過去時間點的動作

過去分詞

Past Participle

V3

完成式,被動語態

理解三態動詞的概念後,你就能準確運用各種時態結構。V1 代表動詞最原始的狀態,V2 用於描述已經完成的過去動作,而 V3 則與助動詞 have 或 be 搭配,形成完成式或被動句型。掌握這三種形式的正確用法,是寫出流暢英文句子的關鍵,也是動詞三態英文學習的基礎。

動詞三態表 PDF

II. V1,V2,V3 的正確語法應用

許多學習者雖然背誦了動詞三態表,卻在實際使用時感到困惑。以下詳細說明每種形式的核心動詞三態用法,幫助你將知識轉化為實際的語言能力。

V1,V2,V3 的正確語法應用
V1,V2,V3 的正確語法應用

1. V1(原形動詞)的結構與使用

文法結構:

  • 現在簡單式:主詞 + V1(+ s/es)

  • 助動詞後:主詞 + 助動詞(can/will/should/must)+ V1

  • 不定詞:to + V1

使用時機:在學習動詞三態時,必須特別注意原形動詞英文的功能。原形動詞用於描述現在的習慣、事實、真理或未來計劃。此外,當句子中出現助動詞時,其後必須接原形動詞。

例句:

  • Xiaohua goes to Taipei 101 every weekend to enjoy the city view and take photos with her friends.(小華每個週末都去台北101欣賞城市景觀並與朋友拍照。)➡️ 使用 V1(goes)描述習慣性動作,因主詞是第三人稱單數,需加 -s

  • Mr. Chen from Taichung can speak fluent English because he studied abroad in Vancouver for five years.(來自台中的陳先生能說流利的英語,因為他在溫哥華留學了五年。)➡️ 助動詞 can 後接原形動詞 speak,表示能力

2. V2(過去式)的結構與使用

文法結構:

使用時機:原形動詞(動詞三態的二態)用於描述現在的習慣、事實、真理或未來計劃。當句子中出現助動詞時,其後必須接原形動詞。

例句:

  • Last month,Xiaoming visited the National Palace Museum in Taipei and bought several traditional Chinese art postcards as souvenirs.(上個月,小明參觀了台北故宮博物院,並買了幾張中國傳統藝術明信片作為紀念品。)➡️ 使用 V2(visited,bought)描述過去完成的動作,搭配明確時間 last month

  • During the Lunar New Year holiday,my family went to Kenting National Park and stayed at a beachfront hotel for three nights.(在農曆新年假期期間,我的家人去了墾丁國家公園,並在海濱飯店住了三晚。)➡️ V2(went,stayed)用於敘述過去發生的事件,時間背景清楚

3. V3(過去分詞)的結構與使用

文法結構:

使用時機:過去分詞本身不能單獨當作句子的動詞使用,必須與助動詞搭配。在完成式中表示從過去延續至今的經驗或結果,在被動語態中強調動作的承受者。

例句:

  • Professor Wang has taught English literature at National Taiwan University for twenty years and has published five academic books.(王教授在國立台灣大學教授英國文學已有二十年,並出版了五本學術著作。)➡️ 現在完成式 has taught,has published 表示從過去持續到現在的狀態與經驗

  • This traditional Taiwanese bubble tea recipe was created by a vendor in Taichung night market during the 1980s.(這個傳統台灣珍珠奶茶配方是在1980年代由台中夜市的一位攤販創造的。)➡️ 被動語態 was created,強調動作的承受者(recipe)而非執行者

關鍵提醒:V3 絕對不能單獨出現在句子中當作主要動詞,這是學習動詞三態用法時最需要注意的重點。

III. 規則動詞三態變化法則(Regular Verbs)

英語動詞三態變化表中,約有70%的常用動詞屬於規則動詞,這類動詞的 V2 與 V3 形式完全相同,且遵循可預測的字尾變化規律。掌握以下四種規則,你就能輕鬆處理大多數動詞三態變化整理表中的基礎動詞,這些規則是學習動詞三態的基石。

規則動詞三態變化法則
規則動詞三態變化法則

1. 規則一:一般動詞直接加 -ed

這是最基本且最常見的規則,適用於字尾不是特殊字母的一般動詞。將 -ed 直接加在動詞原形後方即可完成變化。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

work

worked

worked

工作

Mr. Lin worked at the Taiwan semiconductor factory for fifteen years.(林先生在台灣半導體工廠工作了十五年。)

play

played

played

The children played basketball at the Taipei riverside park yesterday afternoon.(孩子們昨天下午在台北河濱公園打籃球。)

listen

listened

listened

Xiaofang has listened to this Taiwanese indie band's album three times this week.(小芳這週已經聽這個台灣獨立樂團的專輯三次了。)

open

opened

opened

打開

The manager opened the new bubble tea shop in Ximen at 10 AM.(經理在上午10點開了西門的新珍珠奶茶店。)

clean

cleaned

cleaned

清潔

My grandmother cleaned the entire house before the Mid-Autumn Festival celebration.(我祖母在中秋節慶祝活動前清掃了整個房子。)

2. 規則二:字尾是 e,直接加 -d

當動詞原形字尾已經有字母 e 時,為避免出現雙 e 的情況,只需加上 -d 即可,這是動詞三態變化中最基本也最常見的規則之一,有助於保持拼字的簡潔性。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

like

liked

liked

喜歡

Xiaowei has always liked the night market food culture in Taichung.(小薇一直都很喜歡台中的夜市美食文化。)

love

loved

loved

My parents loved traveling around Taiwan's scenic spots during their youth.(我的父母在年輕時熱愛環遊台灣的風景名勝。)

close

closed

closed

關閉

The traditional bookstore in Tainan closed its doors after fifty years of operation.(台南的傳統書店在營運五十年後關門了。)

use

used

used

使用

The professor used digital teaching materials in her Mandarin classes at the language center.(教授在語言中心的華語課程中使用數位教材。)

live

lived

lived

居住

Mr. Chang has lived in the Taipei Daan District for over twenty years.(張先生在台北大安區居住已超過二十年。)

3. 規則三:字尾是「子音 + y」,去 y 加 -ied

當動詞字尾是子音字母加上 y 時,需要將 y 改為 i 再加 -ed。特別注意,如果 y 前面是母音字母(如 play 中的 a),則不適用此規則,直接依照規則一處理。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

study

studied

studied

學習

Xiaojun studied Mandarin at National Taiwan Normal University for two semesters.(小軍在國立台灣師範大學學習華語兩個學期。)

cry

cried

cried

The baby cried loudly during the flight from Taipei to Hong Kong.(嬰兒在從台北飛往香港的航班上大聲哭泣。)

try

tried

tried

嘗試

The chef tried a new recipe for pineapple cake at the Taiwanese bakery.(廚師在台灣烘焙坊嘗試了鳳梨酥的新配方。)

carry

carried

carried

攜帶

The tourists carried heavy luggage while walking through Taipei Main Station.(遊客們在穿過台北車站時攜帶著沉重的行李。)

worry

worried

worried

擔心

My mother worried about my safety when I traveled alone to Hualien.(當我獨自旅行到花蓮時,我母親很擔心我的安全。)

4. 規則四:字尾「短母音 + 子音」,重複字尾加 -ed

當動詞符合「子音+短母音+子音」(CVC)結構,且重音在最後一個音節時,需要重複字尾子音再加 -ed。這個規則在學習動詞三態時,有助於確保拼字與發音的準確性。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

stop

stopped

stopped

停止

The MRT train stopped at Ximen Station for passenger boarding.(捷運列車在西門站停靠以供乘客上車。)

plan

planned

planned

計畫

The travel agency planned a ten-day tour package around Taiwan's eastern coast.(旅行社規劃了台灣東海岸的十日遊套裝行程。)

drop

dropped

dropped

掉落

Xiaoyun accidentally dropped her phone in the Sun Moon Lake during the boat tour.(小雲在遊船時不小心把手機掉進日月潭裡。)

admit

admitted

admitted

承認

The student admitted that he forgot to complete the Chinese homework assignment.(學生承認他忘記完成中文作業。)

occur

occurred

occurred

發生

A minor earthquake occurred in northern Taiwan early this morning.(今天清晨台灣北部發生了輕微地震。)

5. 常見規則動詞三態變化總表

以下提供完整的動詞三態表供你快速動詞三態查詢使用。這張表格整合了上述四種規則的實際應用範例,是你學習規則動詞的最佳參考工具。英語動詞三 態變化表:

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

accept

accepted

accepted

接受

add

added

added

增加

agree

agreed

agreed

同意

answer

answered

answered

回答

appear

appeared

appeared

出現

ask

asked

asked

詢問

attend

attended

attended

參加

book

booked

booked

預訂

call

called

called

呼叫

check

checked

checked

檢查

clean

cleaned

cleaned

清潔

cook

cooked

cooked

烹飪

finish

finished

finished

完成

follow

followed

followed

跟隨

happen

happened

happened

發生

help

helped

helped

幫助

join

joined

joined

加入

laugh

laughed

laughed

learn

learned

learned

學習

listen

listened

listened

look

looked

looked

miss

missed

missed

想念

move

moved

moved

移動

need

needed

needed

需要

open

opened

opened

打開

pass

passed

passed

通過

pick

picked

picked

挑選

play

played

played

post

posted

posted

發布

rain

rained

rained

下雨

record

recorded

recorded

記錄

return

returned

returned

返回

save

saved

saved

節省

seem

seemed

seemed

似乎

sign

signed

signed

簽署

stay

stayed

stayed

停留

talk

talked

talked

談話

test

tested

tested

測試

thank

thanked

thanked

感謝

touch

touched

touched

觸摸

travel

traveled

traveled

旅行

turn

turned

turned

轉向

visit

visited

visited

拜訪

wait

waited

waited

等待

walk

walked

walked

走路

want

wanted

wanted

想要

wash

washed

washed

洗滌

watch

watched

watched

觀看

work

worked

worked

工作

agree

agreed

agreed

同意

arrive

arrived

arrived

到達

change

changed

changed

改變

close

closed

closed

關閉

dance

danced

danced

跳舞

decide

decided

decided

決定

die

died

died

死亡

hope

hoped

hoped

希望

invite

invited

invited

邀請

like

liked

liked

喜歡

live

lived

lived

居住

love

loved

loved

notice

noticed

noticed

注意到

practice

practiced

practiced

練習

promise

promised

promised

承諾

refuse

refused

refused

拒絕

smile

smiled

smiled

微笑

use

used

used

使用

apply

applied

applied

申請

carry

carried

carried

攜帶

copy

copied

copied

複製

cry

cried

cried

deny

denied

denied

否認

hurry

hurried

hurried

匆忙

marry

married

married

結婚

modify

modified

modified

修改

reply

replied

replied

回覆

study

studied

studied

學習

try

tried

tried

嘗試

worry

worried

worried

擔心

admit

admitted

admitted

承認

chat

chatted

chatted

聊天

control

controlled

controlled

控制

drop

dropped

dropped

掉落

occur

occurred

occurred

發生

permit

permitted

permitted

允許

plan

planned

planned

計畫

prefer

preferred

preferred

偏好

refer

referred

referred

提到

shop

shopped

shopped

購物

step

stepped

stepped

踏步

stop

stopped

stopped

停止

IV. 不規則動詞三態變化法則(Irregular Verbs)

不規則動詞是學習動詞三態時最具挑戰性的部分,因為這些動詞的變化無法用固定規則推導,需要個別記憶。然而,透過分類記憶法,你可以發現不規則動詞之間的共同模式。這個章節將幫助你解決「動詞三態怎麼背」的困擾,讓記憶變得更有系統,也是準備動詞三態學習單的重要參考。

不規則動詞三態變化法則
不規則動詞三態變化法則

1. 變形一:AAA 型(三態同型)

AAA 型動詞的三種形式完全相同,是最容易記憶的一組。這類動詞數量較少,只需記住原形即可掌握所有時態變化。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

cost

cost

cost

花費

The imported electronic products from Japan cost more than expected at the Taipei technology market.(從日本進口的電子產品在台北科技市場的價格比預期高。)

cut

cut

cut

切,割

The chef cut fresh vegetables for the hot pot at the restaurant in Kaohsiung.(廚師在高雄的餐廳為火鍋切新鮮蔬菜。)

hit

hit

hit

打,擊

The typhoon hit Taiwan's eastern coast with strong winds last week.(颱風上週以強風襲擊台灣東海岸。)

hurt

hurt

hurt

傷害

Xiaoming hurt his ankle while playing basketball at the school playground.(小明在學校操場打籃球時弄傷了腳踝。)

let

let

let

My parents let me travel to Hong Kong with my classmates during summer vacation.(我父母讓我在暑假期間和同學去香港旅行。)

put

put

put

The librarian put the new books about Taiwanese history on the display shelf.(圖書館員把關於台灣歷史的新書放在展示架上。)

read

read

read

閱讀

Professor Chen has read over fifty academic papers about Chinese linguistics this semester.(陳教授這學期已經閱讀了五十多篇關於漢語語言學的學術論文。)

set

set

set

設定

The IT technician set up the new computer system at the Taipei office yesterday.(IT 技術人員昨天在台北辦公室設置了新的電腦系統。)

shut

shut

shut

關閉

The night market vendors shut their stalls at midnight after a busy evening.(夜市攤販在忙碌的晚上後於午夜關閉攤位。)

spread

spread

spread

散布

The news about the new MRT line spread quickly among Taipei residents.(關於新捷運線的消息在台北居民中迅速傳播。)

記憶提示:特別注意 read 這個動詞,雖然拼字三態相同,但過去式與過去分詞的發音是 /red/,與現在式的 /riːd/ 不同,需要依靠上下文判斷時態。為了更深入了解,您可以參考這篇文章的連結:《「Read 過去分詞」全攻略:從 Read - Read - Read 基礎到完成式用法,一次釐清》。

2. 變形二:ABB 型(過去式與過去分詞相同)

ABB 型是不規則動詞中數量最多的類型,過去式與過去分詞形式相同,只有原形不同。這類動詞三態的記憶重點在於掌握從 V1 到 V2/V3 的轉換模式。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

bring

brought

brought

帶來

Xiaofang brought homemade pineapple cakes from Taichung to share with her colleagues in Taipei.(小芳從台中帶來自製鳳梨酥與台北的同事分享。)

build

built

built

建造

The construction company built the new shopping mall in Xinyi District within two years.(建設公司在兩年內於信義區建造了新購物中心。)

buy

bought

bought

My grandmother bought fresh seafood at the traditional market in Keelung this morning.(我祖母今天早上在基隆傳統市場買了新鮮海鮮。)

catch

caught

caught

抓,趕上

We barely caught the high-speed rail train from Taichung to Taipei Station.(我們差點趕不上從台中到台北站的高鐵列車。)

feel

felt

felt

感覺

The exchange student felt homesick during her first month studying in Taiwan.(交換學生在台灣學習的第一個月感到思鄉。)

fight

fought

fought

戰鬥

The Taiwanese soldiers fought bravely to protect the island during wartime.(台灣士兵在戰時英勇作戰保護島嶼。)

find

found

found

找到

Xiaowei finally found her lost wallet at the Taipei MRT Lost and Found center.(小薇終於在台北捷運失物招領中心找到她遺失的錢包。)

have

had

had

The restaurant had a special promotion for Dragon Boat Festival last month.(這家餐廳上個月有端午節的特別促銷活動。)

hear

heard

heard

聽見

I heard traditional Chinese music playing at the temple ceremony in Tainan.(我聽到台南寺廟儀式中播放的傳統中國音樂。)

hold

held

held

握住,舉辦

The university held an international conference about Asian languages in Taipei.(大學在台北舉辦了關於亞洲語言的國際會議。)

keep

kept

kept

保持

My family has kept the traditional customs of celebrating Lunar New Year for generations.(我的家族世代保持著慶祝農曆新年的傳統習俗。)

lead

led

led

帶領

The tour guide led the group of tourists through the narrow streets of Jiufen Old Town.(導遊帶領遊客團穿過九份老街的狹窄街道。)

leave

left

left

離開

The international students left Taoyuan Airport to return home after finishing their semester.(國際學生在完成學期後離開桃園機場返家。)

lend

lent

lent

借出

Mr. Wang lent his vintage camera to his nephew for the photography exhibition.(王先生把他的復古相機借給姪子參加攝影展。)

lose

lost

lost

失去

The elderly man lost his way in the Taipei underground shopping district.(這位老人在台北地下商場迷路了。)

make

made

made

製作

The craftsman made beautiful pottery using traditional techniques at the Yingge Ceramics Museum.(工藝師在鶯歌陶瓷博物館使用傳統技術製作精美陶器。)

mean

meant

meant

意思是

What Professor Lin meant was that Chinese characters have deep cultural significance.(林教授的意思是漢字具有深厚的文化意義。)

meet

met

met

遇見

I met my high school classmates at a coffee shop in Taichung last weekend.(我上週末在台中的咖啡店遇見高中同學。)

pay

paid

paid

支付

The customer paid for the bubble tea order using a mobile payment app.(顧客使用行動支付應用程式支付珍珠奶茶訂單。)

say

said

said

The professor said that learning Mandarin Chinese requires consistent practice.(教授說學習華語需要持續練習。)

sell

sold

sold

The vendor sold over 200 portions of stinky tofu at the Shilin Night Market yesterday.(攤販昨天在士林夜市賣了超過200份臭豆腐。)

send

sent

sent

發送

My aunt sent a package of traditional Taiwanese snacks to my cousin in Canada.(我阿姨寄了一包傳統台灣零食給在加拿大的表弟。)

sit

sat

sat

We sat by the window overlooking Taipei 101 at the restaurant on the 85th floor.(我們在85樓餐廳靠窗的位置坐下,俯瞰台北101。)

sleep

slept

slept

睡覺

Xiaojun slept for only four hours because he prepared for the Chinese proficiency exam.(小軍只睡了四個小時,因為他準備中文能力考試。)

spend

spent

spent

花費

The tourists spent three days exploring the scenic areas around Sun Moon Lake.(遊客花了三天時間探索日月潭周邊的風景區。)

stand

stood

stood

站立

Hundreds of people stood in line waiting to enter the National Palace Museum.(數百人排隊等待進入故宮博物院。)

sweep

swept

swept

My mother swept the courtyard before the Mid-Autumn Festival family gathering.(我母親在中秋節家庭聚會前打掃院子。)

teach

taught

taught

Ms. Chen has taught Mandarin to foreign students at the language institute for ten years.(陳老師在語言學院教外國學生華語已有十年。)

tell

told

told

告訴

Grandmother told us stories about traditional Taiwanese festivals when we were children.(祖母在我們小時候告訴我們關於台灣傳統節日的故事。)

think

thought

thought

The business consultant thought carefully about the marketing strategy for the Taiwanese brand.(商業顧問仔細思考台灣品牌的行銷策略。)

understand

understood

understood

理解

After studying Chinese for two years,Xiaohua understood the cultural nuances in conversations.(在學習中文兩年後,小華理解了對話中的文化細微差別。)

win

won

won

The Taiwanese baseball team won the championship at the Asian Games.(台灣棒球隊在亞運會上贏得冠軍。)

記憶提示:在這個類別中,你可以發現幾個重要的子規律:許多動詞以 -ought 或 -aught 字尾(如 buy-boughtteach-taughtcatch-caught),還有 -elt/-ept 字尾的模式(如 feel-feltsleep-slept)。這些音韻模式是記憶動詞三態的重要線索。

3. 變形三:ABA 型(原形與過去分詞相同)

ABA 型動詞展現「迴力鏢」的特性,過去式改變後,過去分詞又回到原形。這類動詞數量較少但使用頻率高,值得特別記憶。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

become

became

become

變成

After years of hard work,Xiaoming became a successful entrepreneur in the technology industry.(經過多年努力,小明在科技產業成為成功的企業家。)

come

came

come

Many international tourists have come to experience Taiwan's famous night market culture.(許多國際遊客來體驗台灣著名的夜市文化。)

overcome

overcame

overcome

克服

The athlete overcame numerous injuries to compete in the Taipei Marathon.(這位運動員克服了無數傷痛參加台北馬拉松。)

run

ran

run

Mr. Lee has run a traditional tea shop in Dadaocheng for over thirty years.(李先生在大稻埕經營傳統茶行已超過三十年。)

記憶提示:這組動詞可以用「時間旅行」的概念來理解,想像「出發點和終點相同,但中間經歷了變化」,就像 come-came-come 展現的軌跡一樣。

4. 變形四:ABC 型(三態皆不同)

ABC 型是最具挑戰性的類型,因為原形,過去式和過去分詞都呈現不同的形式。雖然看似複雜,但這些動詞中蘊含著有趣的「母音變化」規律,掌握了這些模式後,動詞三態查詢將變得更加系統化。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

中文

例句

be

was/ were

been

Professor Wang has been a Chinese language instructor at National Taiwan University since 2010.(王教授自2010年起一直是國立台灣大學的華語教師。)

begin

began

begun

開始

The Dragon Boat Festival celebrations began at Dajia Riverside Park early in the morning.(端午節慶祝活動一大早在大佳河濱公園開始。)

bite

bit

bitten

The street dog bit the tourist's bag at the night market in Kenting.(野狗在墾丁夜市咬了遊客的包包。)

blow

blew

blown

The strong typhoon winds blew down many trees along the coast of Hualien.(強烈的颱風吹倒了花蓮海岸沿線的許多樹木。)

break

broke

broken

打破

Xiaoyun accidentally broke her grandmother's antique teacup during the family gathering.(小雲在家庭聚會時不小心打破了祖母的古董茶杯。)

choose

chose

chosen

選擇

The committee has chosen Taipei as the host city for the international Chinese language conference.(委員會選擇台北作為國際華語會議的主辦城市。)

do

did

done

The volunteers have done excellent work organizing the Lantern Festival event in Pingxi.(志工們為平溪天燈節活動的組織工作做得很出色。)

draw

drew

drawn

The artist drew beautiful landscape paintings of Taroko Gorge National Park.(藝術家畫了太魯閣國家公園的美麗風景畫。)

drink

drank

drunk

We drank traditional oolong tea at the famous teahouse in Maokong,Taipei.(我們在台北貓空著名的茶館喝傳統烏龍茶。)

drive

drove

driven

開車

Mr. Chen has driven along the scenic Su-Hua Highway many times for business trips.(陳先生為了商務旅行沿著風景優美的蘇花公路開車多次。)

eat

ate

eaten

The food blogger has eaten at over 100 different night markets across Taiwan.(美食部落客已經在台灣各地超過100個不同的夜市吃過。)

fall

fell

fallen

掉落

The autumn leaves have fallen beautifully at Alishan National Scenic Area.(秋葉在阿里山國家風景區美麗地飄落。)

fly

flew

flown

The migrant birds flew south to Taiwan for the winter season.(候鳥飛往南方到台灣過冬。)

forbid

forbade

forbidden

禁止

The school strictly forbade students from using smartphones during class time.(學校嚴格禁止學生在上課時使用智慧型手機。)

forget

forgot

forgotten

忘記

Xiaojun forgot to bring his Chinese textbook to the Mandarin language class.(小軍忘記帶中文課本去華語課。)

forgive

forgave

forgiven

原諒

After many years,she finally forgave her friend for the misunderstanding.(許多年後,她終於原諒了朋友的誤會。)

freeze

froze

frozen

冰凍

The winter temperature in high mountain areas of Taiwan sometimes froze the water pipes.(台灣高山地區的冬季溫度有時會凍結水管。)

get

got

gotten/got

得到

My sister got accepted into National Taiwan University's Chinese literature department.(我姐姐獲得國立台灣大學中文系的錄取。)

give

gave

given

The generous donor gave scholarships to underprivileged students in rural Taiwan.(慷慨的捐贈者給予台灣偏鄉弱勢學生獎學金。)

go

went

gone

The exchange students have gone to visit the indigenous tribes in Taitung County.(交換學生去參觀台東縣的原住民部落。)

grow

grew

grown

生長

The organic tea leaves grown in the mountains of Nantou are famous worldwide.(南投山區種植的有機茶葉聞名世界。)

hide

hid

hidden

隱藏

The children hid traditional red envelopes under their pillows during Chinese New Year.(孩子們在農曆新年期間把傳統紅包藏在枕頭下。)

know

knew

known

知道

The calligraphy master has known the traditional Chinese writing techniques since childhood.(書法大師從小就知道傳統中國書寫技巧。)

lie

lay

lain

After the long hike to Jade Mountain,we lay on the grass resting for two hours.(在長途徒步登上玉山後,我們躺在草地上休息了兩個小時。)

ride

rode

ridden

The tourists rode bicycles around Sun Moon Lake on a beautiful spring morning.(遊客們在美麗的春天早晨騎自行車環繞日月潭。)

ring

rang

rung

The temple bells rang throughout the old streets of Lukang at dawn.(廟宇鐘聲在黎明時分響徹鹿港老街。)

rise

rose

risen

升起

The sun rose beautifully over the Pacific Ocean from the eastern coast of Taiwan.(太陽從台灣東海岸美麗地升起於太平洋上空。)

see

saw

seen

看見

I have seen traditional Taiwanese puppetry performances at cultural festivals many times.(我在文化節上看過很多次傳統台灣布袋戲表演。)

show

showed

shown

展示

The museum has shown rare artifacts from ancient Chinese dynasties this month.(博物館本月展示了來自古代中國朝代的稀有文物。)

sing

sang

sung

The aboriginal choir sang traditional tribal songs at the indigenous culture center.(原住民合唱團在原住民文化中心唱傳統部落歌曲。)

sink

sank

sunk

下沉

The old fishing boat sank during the powerful storm off the coast of Keelung.(老漁船在基隆海岸外的強烈風暴中沉沒。)

speak

spoke

spoken

說話

Professor Li has spoken about Chinese linguistics at international conferences worldwide.(李教授在全球國際會議上談論過漢語語言學。)

steal

stole

stolen

Someone stole the tourist's camera at the crowded night market in Kaohsiung.(有人在高雄擁擠的夜市偷了遊客的相機。)

swim

swam

swum

游泳

The athletes swam across the strait in the challenging open water competition.(運動員在具挑戰性的公開水域比賽中游過海峽。)

take

took

taken

拿取

The photographer has taken thousands of photos of Taiwan's beautiful landscapes.(攝影師拍攝了數千張台灣美麗風景的照片。)

tear

tore

torn

撕裂

The strong winds tore down the festival decorations at the outdoor celebration.(強風撕毀了戶外慶典的節日裝飾。)

throw

threw

thrown

投擲

Children threw coins into the temple donation box during the religious ceremony.(孩子們在宗教儀式期間將硬幣投入寺廟捐款箱。)

wake

woke

woken

醒來

Xiaofang woke up early to catch the sunrise at Alishan Mountain.(小芳早起去阿里山看日出。)

wear

wore

worn

穿

The bride wore a beautiful red traditional Chinese wedding dress at the ceremony.(新娘在婚禮上穿了美麗的紅色中國傳統婚禮服。)

write

wrote

written

The famous author has written ten novels about Taiwanese history and culture.(這位著名作家寫了十本關於台灣歷史和文化的小說。)

記憶提示:最經典的例子是 sing-sang-sung 展現的 i-a-u 母音變化模式,這種規律同樣適用於 ring,drink,swim 等動詞,形成了一個強大的記憶群組。另一個明顯模式是字尾 -en 的過去分詞,如 write-wrote-writteneat-ate-eatenspeak-spoke-spoken

5. 常見不規則動詞三態變化總表

以下是最完整的不規則動詞三態變化整理表,涵蓋考試與日常溝通中最常使用的動詞。這份動詞三態表下載資源可作為你的隨身查詢工具,建議定期複習以強化記憶。

動詞三態表下載

原形

過去式 

過去分詞 

意思

原形 

過去式

過去分詞

意思

be

was/ were

been

leave

left

left

離開

beat

beat

beaten

打敗

lend

lent

lent

借出

become

became

become

成為

let

let

let

begin

began

begun

開始

lie

lay

lain

bend

bent

bent

彎曲

light

lit

lit

點亮

bet

bet

bet

打賭

lose

lost

lost

失去

bite

bit

bitten

make

made

made

製作

blow

blew

blown

mean

meant

meant

意思是

break

broke

broken

破壞

meet

met

met

遇見

bring

brought

brought

帶來

pay

paid

paid

支付

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

廣播

put

put

put

build

built

built

建造

read

read

read

閱讀

burst

burst

burst

爆炸

ride

rode

ridden

buy

bought

bought

ring

rang

rung

catch

caught

caught

抓住

rise

rose

risen

升起

choose

chose

chosen

選擇

run

ran

run

come

came

come

say

said

said

cost

cost

cost

花費

see

saw

seen

看見

creep

crept

crept

爬行

seek

sought

sought

尋找

cut

cut

cut

sell

sold

sold

deal

dealt

dealt

處理

send

sent

sent

發送

dig

dug

dug

set

set

set

設置

do

did

done

sew

sewed

sewn/sewed

縫紉

draw

drew

drawn

shake

shook

shaken

搖動

drink

drank

drunk

shine

shone

shone

發光

drive

drove

driven

開車

shoot

shot

shot

射擊

eat

ate

eaten

show

showed

shown/showed

展示

fall

fell

fallen

跌倒

shrink

shrank

shrunk

收縮

feed

fed

fed

餵養

shut

shut

shut

關閉

feel

felt

felt

感覺

sing

sang

sung

唱歌

fight

fought

fought

戰鬥

sink

sank

sunk

下沉

find

found

found

找到

sit

sat

sat

flee

fled

fled

逃跑

sleep

slept

slept

睡覺

fly

flew

flown

slide

slid

slid

滑動

forbid

forbade

forbidden

禁止

speak

spoke

spoken

說話

forget

forgot

forgotten

忘記

spend

spent

spent

花費

forgive

forgave

forgiven

原諒

spit

spat

spat

freeze

froze

frozen

冰凍

split

split

split

分裂

get

got

gotten

得到

spread

spread

spread

傳播

give

gave

given

spring

sprang

sprung

跳躍

go

went

gone

stand

stood

stood

站立

grow

grew

grown

生長

steal

stole

stolen

hang

hung

hung

懸掛

stick

stuck

stuck

黏住

have

had

had

sting

stung

stung

刺痛

hear

heard

heard

聽見

stink

stank

stunk

發臭

hide

hid

hidden

隱藏

strike

struck

struck

打擊

hit

hit

hit

swear

swore

sworn

發誓

hold

held

held

握住

sweep

swept

swept

hurt

hurt

hurt

傷害

swim

swam

swum

游泳

keep

kept

kept

保持

swing

swung

swung

搖擺

kneel

knelt

knelt

take

took

taken

know

knew

known

知道

teach

taught

taught

lay

laid

laid

放置

tear

tore

torn

撕裂

lead

led

led

領導

tell

told

told

告訴

learn

learnt

learnt

學習

think

thought

thought

思考

leave

left

left

離開

throw

threw

thrown

投擲

lend

lent

lent

借出

understand

understood

understood

理解

let

let

let

wake

woke

woken

醒來

lie

lay

lain

wear

wore

worn

穿

light

lit

lit

點亮

weep

wept

wept

哭泣

lose

lost

lost

失去

win

won

won

make

made

made

製作

write

wrote

written

V. 關鍵文法:V2(過去式)與 V3(過去分詞)的用法區別

許多學習者在記憶動詞三態後,仍然混淆 V2 與 V3 的實際應用場景。理解這兩種形式的核心差異,是避免文法錯誤的關鍵。以下針對動詞三態用法進行對比分析,幫助你建立清晰的使用概念。

比較項目

V2(過去式)

V3(過去分詞)

文法結構

主詞 + V2 + 其他

  • 現在完成式:主詞 + have/has + V3

  • 被動語態:主詞 + be + V3

  • 過去完成式:主詞 + had + V3

使用時機

描述過去某個明確時間點已完成的動作

  • 完成式:表示從過去延續到現在的經驗或結果

  • 被動語態:強調動作的承受者

時間標誌

yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020 等明確過去時間

since, for, already, yet, ever, never, recently 等

能否單獨使用

可以單獨作為句子主要動詞

不能單獨使用,必須與助動詞 have 或 be 搭配

例句 1

Xiaoming visited the National Palace Museum last month.(小明上個月參觀了故宮博物院。)➡️ V2 單獨使用,搭配明確過去時間 last month

Xiaoming has visited the National Palace Museum three times this year.(小明今年已經參觀故宮博物院三次。)➡️ V3 與 has 搭配,表示到目前為止的經驗累積

例句 2

The typhoon destroyed many houses along the coast in 2023.(颱風在2023年摧毀了沿海許多房屋。)➡️ V2 描述過去發生且結束的事件

Many houses were destroyed by the typhoon last year.(許多房屋去年被颱風摧毀。)➡️ V3 用於被動語態,強調房屋是動作承受者

關鍵提醒:V3 絕對不能單獨出現在句子中當作主要動詞,這是學習動詞三態時最需要注意的重點。當你看到 V3 形式時,前面一定要有 have/has/had 或 be 動詞,否則就是錯誤用法。

VI. 動詞三態實戰練習題(附解答)

完成理論學習後,透過實際練習才能真正內化知識。以下提供三組不同難度的動詞三態練習題,涵蓋規則動詞,不規則動詞與文法應用。這份動詞三態學習單設計由淺入深,幫助你循序漸進地檢驗學習成果。

1. 第一組:規則動詞變化

請根據規則動詞的變化法則,填寫正確的 V2 與 V3 形式。

  1. walk(走路)→ _____ → _____

  2. dance(跳舞)→ _____ → _____

  3. study(學習)→ _____ → _____

  4. plan(計畫)→ _____ → _____

  5. use(使用)→ _____ → _____

  6. carry(攜帶)→ _____ → _____

  7. stop(停止)→ _____ → _____

  8. live(居住)→ _____ → _____

  9. worry(擔心)→ _____ → _____

  10. drop(掉落)→ _____ → _____

2. 第二組:不規則動詞填空

請完成下表中的不規則動詞三態變化。

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

cut

_____

_____

buy

_____

_____

come

_____

_____

drink

_____

_____

eat

_____

_____

give

_____

_____

go

_____

_____

make

_____

_____

see

_____

_____

write

_____

_____

3. 第三組:文法應用選擇題

請選擇正確的動詞形式填入空格,注意判斷應使用 V2(過去式)或 V3(過去分詞)。

  1. I _____ to Japan last summer.(go)(A)go(B)went(C)gone

  2. She has _____ that movie three times.(see)(A)see(B)saw(C)seen

  3. They _____ the project yesterday.(finish)(A)finish(B)finished(C)have finished

  4. The book was _____ by a famous author.(write)(A)write(B)wrote(C)written

  5. We have _____ in this city for five years.(live)(A)live(B)lived(C)living

  6. He _____ his homework before dinner last night.(do)(A)do(B)did(C)done

  7. The letter has been _____ to your address.(send)(A)send(B)sent(C)sending

  8. I _____ my keys somewhere in the house.(lose)(A)lose(B)lost(C)have lost

  9. The concert was _____ by thousands of people.(attend)(A)attend(B)attended(C)attending

  10. She has _____ English since she was ten.(learn)(A)learn(B)learned(C)learning

4. 解答區

第一組解答:

  1. walked → walked(規則一:直接加 -ed)

  2. danced → danced(規則二:字尾 e 加 -d)

  3. studied → studied(規則三:子音+y 變 ied)

  4. planned → planned(規則四:重複字尾加 -ed)

  5. used → used(規則二:字尾 e 加 -d)

  6. carried → carried(規則三:子音+y 變 ied)

  7. stopped → stopped(規則四:重複字尾加 -ed)

  8. lived → lived(規則二:字尾 e 加 -d)

  9. worried → worried(規則三:子音+y 變 ied)

  10. dropped → dropped(規則四:重複字尾加 -ed)

第二組解答:

原形 V1

過去式 V2

過去分詞 V3

分類說明

cut

cut

cut

AAA 型:三態同型

buy

bought

bought

ABB 型:過去式與過去分詞相同

come

came

come

ABA 型:原形與過去分詞相同

drink

drank

drunk

ABC 型:三態皆不同(i-a-u 母音變化)

eat

ate

eaten

ABC 型:三態皆不同(字尾 -en)

give

gave

given

ABC 型:三態皆不同(字尾 -en)

go

went

gone

ABC 型:三態皆不同(完全不規則)

make

made

made

ABB 型:過去式與過去分詞相同

see

saw

seen

ABC 型:三態皆不同

write

wrote

written

ABC 型:三態皆不同(字尾 -en)

第三組解答:

  1. (B)went ➡️ 解析:有明確過去時間 last summer,使用過去式。go 是不規則動詞,過去式為 went。

  2. (C)seen ➡️ 解析:現在完成式結構 has + V3,表示到目前為止的經驗。see 的過去分詞是 seen。

  3. (B)finished ➡️ 解析:有明確過去時間 yesterday,使用過去式。finish 是規則動詞,直接加 -ed。

  4. (C)written ➡️ 解析:被動語態結構 was + V3。write 的過去分詞是 written,屬於 ABC 型不規則動詞。

  5. (B)lived ➡️ 解析:現在完成式結構 have + V3。live 是規則動詞,字尾 e 直接加 -d。

  6. (B)did➡️ 解析:有明確過去時間 last night,使用過去式。do 是不規則動詞,過去式為 did。

  7. (B)sent ➡️ 解析:被動語態結構 has been + V3。send 的過去式與過去分詞都是 sent,屬於 ABB 型。

  8. (B)lost ➡️ 解析:這句話陳述過去發生的事實,雖有 somewhere 但無助動詞,應為過去式。如果改為 "I have lost my keys" 則表示「到現在還沒找到」的完成式概念。

  9. (B)attended ➡️ 解析:被動語態結構 was + V3。attend 是規則動詞,直接加 -ed。

  10. (B)learned ➡️ 解析:現在完成式結構 has + V3,搭配 since 表示從過去某時間點持續到現在。learn 的過去式與過去分詞都是 learned。

結論

透過這篇完整的動詞三態指南,你已經掌握了規則與不規則動詞的核心變化規律。記住,學習語言需要持續練習與應用,建議你將這份動詞三態表保存下來,作為日常複習的參考工具。定期回顧這些變化模式,搭配實際的閱讀與寫作練習,你將能夠自然而然地運用正確的動詞形式,提升整體英語溝通能力。

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