分詞構句英文(Participle Clause)用法詳解:3大類別、改寫技巧與題庫練習

什麼是分詞構句英文?如何正確使用分詞構句來提升英文寫作水準?分詞構句(Participle Clause)是將兩個具有邏輯關係的子句合併為一個的文法結構,透過使用 V-ing 或 p.p. 開頭的形式,讓句子更加簡潔流暢。這個文法概念在 TOEIC、IELTS 等英文檢定考試中頻繁出現,更是學術寫作和商務英文的必備技能。

然而,許多學習者在使用分詞構句時常犯「懸蕩分詞」錯誤,或是混淆主動與被動語態的選擇。根據統計,超過 70% 的英文學習者在初次接觸分詞構句時會感到困惑,特別是在判斷何時該使用 V-ing、p.p. 或 Having p.p. 的時機。本文由 PREPEDU 專業教學團隊整理,將帶你完整掌握分詞構句的三大類別、實用改寫技巧,並提供 30 題完整題庫練習,從基礎到進階循序漸進,讓你在考試與寫作中都能精準運用這個重要文法工具。

分詞構句英文(Participle Clause)
分詞構句英文(Participle Clause)

I. 觀念釐清:分詞 vs. 分詞構句——傻傻分不清楚?

在深入學習分詞構句之前,我們需要先釐清一個常見的混淆點:「分詞」(Participle)與「分詞構句」(Participle Clause)並不完全相同。許多學習者在初次接觸時,往往將這兩個概念混為一談,導致在實際應用時出現錯誤。

項目

分詞英文

分詞構句英文

定義

動詞的變化形式,用作英文形容詞修飾名詞

用分詞開頭的子句結構,用來連接兩個句子

功能

修飾英文名詞,描述特徵或狀態

表達時間、原因、條件、結果等關係

位置

通常緊接在名詞前後

通常置於句首,以逗號分隔

語法特性

作為形容詞,無時態變化

具備完整的語意功能,可替代副詞子句

分詞構句例句

The sleeping baby looks peaceful.(睡著的嬰兒看起來很平靜)

Sleeping on the sofa, the baby looks peaceful.(在沙發上睡覺時,嬰兒看起來很平靜)

簡單來說,分詞構句的英文(Participle Clause)是將兩個具有因果、時間或條件關係的子句合併為一個,讓表達更緊湊流暢。當你看到句首出現 V-ing 或 p.p.,後面接著逗號,那很可能就是分詞構句的結構。這種結構在學術寫作、新聞報導和正式文體中特別常見,因為它能夠有效減少重複的連接詞,使文章讀起來更加專業。

理解這個基本概念後,我們就可以開始探討英文分詞構句的具體分類與用法。掌握分詞與分詞構句的差異,是學習這個文法概念的第一步,也是避免常見錯誤的關鍵。

分詞 vs. 分詞構句——傻傻分不清楚?
分詞 vs. 分詞構句——傻傻分不清楚?

II. 分詞構句英文的三大類別

根據英文主詞英文動詞之間的關係,以及動作發生的時間點,分詞構句可以分為三大類別:現在分詞構句(表主動)、過去分詞構句(表被動),以及完成式分詞構句(表時間先後)。掌握這三種類型的區別,是靈活運用分詞構句的關鍵。這三種類型各有其特定的使用情境和語意功能,在不同的語境中發揮不同的作用。接下來我們將逐一說明每種類型的特點與使用時機,並提供豐富的實例來幫助你理解。

1. 現在分詞構句:主動語態

當主詞「主動」執行動作時,我們使用現在分詞(V-ing)來形成分詞構句。這是最常見的分詞構句類型,廣泛應用於各種情境中。現在分詞構句可以表達同時發生的動作、原因、條件或附帶狀況,是讓句子更加簡潔有力的重要工具。

形成公式:

V-ing + 其他成分,主要子句

使用時機: 當兩個動作的主詞相同,且主詞是主動執行第一個動作時使用。這種結構特別適合用來描述兩個密切相關的動作,或是表達某個動作發生的背景。

功能分類與實例:

功能類型

例句

表達原因

  • Feeling exhausted after the long meeting in Taipei 101, Manager Chen decided to take a taxi home instead of driving. (在台北 101 冗長的會議後感到精疲力盡,陳經理決定搭計程車回家而不是開車。)

  • Living near Ximen Station, Xiaomei can walk to work every morning, saving both time and money.(住在西門站附近,小美每天早上可以走路上班,節省時間和金錢。)

表達時間(同時發生)

  • Walking along the Tamsui River, the couple enjoyed the beautiful sunset over the mountains.(沿著淡水河散步時,這對情侶欣賞著山脈上空美麗的夕陽。)

  • Waiting for the MTR at Admiralty Station, Miss Wong checked her emails on her smartphone.(在金鐘站等地鐵時,王小姐用智慧型手機查看電子郵件。)

表達條件

  • Turning left at the next intersection near National Taiwan University, you will see the famous bookstore on your right.(在台灣大學附近的下一個路口左轉,你就會看到那家著名的書店在右手邊。)

  • Studying consistently for three months, you can improve your TOEIC score by at least 150 points.(持續學習三個月,你的 TOEIC 分數可以進步至少 150 分。)

關鍵重點: 主詞必須是「主動」做出分詞所表達的動作。如果你看到 V-ing 開頭的分詞構句,第一時間要確認主要子句的主詞是否能主動執行這個動作。這是判斷使用現在分詞或過去分詞的重要依據。

2. 過去分詞構句:被動語態

當主詞「被動」承受動作影響時,我們使用過去分詞(p.p.)來形成分詞構句。這是分詞構句被動的重要表現形式,在描述狀態、特徵或被動動作時特別有用。過去分詞構句能夠有效地表達物體或人物所處的狀態,而不需要使用複雜的被動語態句型。

形成公式:

(Being) + p.p. + 其他成分,主要子句

關鍵提示: 在分詞構句被動結構中,Be 動詞(Being)通常會被省略,直接以 p.p. 開頭。這種省略使句子更加簡潔,是英文寫作中常見的修辭手法。然而,在某些強調語氣的情況下,Being 也可以保留。

實用例句:

功能類型

例句

描述狀態或特徵

  • Written in Traditional Chinese and English, this bilingual menu at Din Tai Fung makes ordering easier for international tourists. (用繁體中文和英文寫成,鼎泰豐的這份雙語菜單讓國際遊客點餐更容易。)

  • Located in the heart of Causeway Bay, this newly renovated hotel attracts many business travelers from mainland China.(位於銅鑼灣市中心,這家新裝修的飯店吸引許多來自中國大陸的商務旅客。)

表達原因(被動情況)

  • Injured in the traffic accident near Zhongxiao East Road, the motorcycle driver was immediately rushed to Taipei Medical University Hospital.(在忠孝東路附近的交通事故中受傷,機車騎士立即被送往台北醫學大學附設醫院。)

  • Impressed by the stunning views from Victoria Peak, the tourists decided to extend their stay in Hong Kong for two more days. (被太平山頂的壯麗景色所感動,遊客決定在香港多停留兩天。)

表達條件(假設情況)

  • Used properly, this Traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve headache symptoms without side effects. (如果使用得當,這種中藥可以有效緩解頭痛症狀而無副作用。)

  • Given enough practice time, students from Taipei American School can master these advanced grammar concepts within three months.(如果給予足夠的練習時間,台北美國學校的學生可以在三個月內掌握這些進階文法概念。)

記住這個判斷原則:如果原句中有 "be + p.p." 的被動語態結構,在改成分詞構句時,可以直接省略 Being,只留下 p.p.。這是分詞構句被動最常見的簡化方式,也是讓文章更加簡潔的有效方法。

分詞構句英文的三大類別
分詞構句英文的三大類別

3. 完成式分詞構句:時間差

當分詞所表達的動作「早於」主要子句的動作發生時,我們使用完成式分詞構句。這種結構能清楚表達動作的先後順序,避免時間關係混淆。完成式分詞構句在敘述連續發生的事件時特別重要,它能幫助讀者理解事件的邏輯順序。

形成公式:

Having + p.p. + 其他成分,主要子句

Having been + p.p. + 其他成分,主要子句(被動)

時間概念對比:

  • V-ing:兩個動作「同時」或「幾乎同時」發生

  • Having + p.p.:分詞動作「明顯早於」主要動作發生

實例說明:

功能類型

例句

主動完成式(先做完某事,再做另一事)

  • Having completed his MBA degree at National Chengchi University, William accepted a position at a leading tech company in Hsinchu Science Park.(在政治大學完成 MBA 學位後,William 接受了新竹科學園區一家領先科技公司的職位。)

  • Having visited Night Markets in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung, the food blogger wrote a comprehensive guide comparing the unique characteristics of each location.(參觀過台北、台中、高雄的夜市後,這位美食部落客撰寫了一份詳盡的指南,比較每個地點的獨特之處。)

被動完成式(某事先發生或完成,造成後續結果)

  • Having been renovated three times since 2010, the historic building near Longshan Temple now serves as a cultural center for traditional arts.(自 2010 年以來翻修三次後,龍山寺附近的歷史建築現在成為傳統藝術的文化中心。)

  • Having been accepted into the IELTS program at British Council Taipei, Xiaolin will start intensive preparation classes next Monday morning.(被台北英國文化協會的 IELTS 課程錄取後,小林將於下週一早上開始密集準備課程。)

比較練習(同時與先後):

  • Eating breakfast at the hotel, Mr. Wang discussed the business proposal with his partners. (在飯店吃早餐時,王先生與合夥人討論商業提案。)➜ 吃早餐和討論同時進行

  • Having eaten breakfast, Mr. Wang went to the conference room to present the business proposal.(吃完早餐後,王先生前往會議室報告商業提案。)➜ 先吃完早餐,再去報告

掌握這個時間差的概念,你就能準確判斷何時該使用 Having p.p. 而非單純的 V-ing。在學術寫作和正式文體中,正確使用完成式分詞構句能夠讓你的表達更加精確,邏輯關係更加清晰。

III. 如何形成分詞構句?兩大改寫路徑全解析

理解分詞構句的三大類別後,接下來要學習的是:如何將一般句子改寫成分詞構句?這個部分是分詞構句用法的核心技巧,也是在考試中最常測驗的重點。根據原句的結構不同,我們有兩條主要的改寫路徑。無論是哪種路徑,掌握正確的改寫步驟都能讓你在寫作時更加得心應手。

1. 路徑一:簡化「副詞子句」(Because / When / If / While / As)

這是最常見的分詞構句形成方式。當原句包含 because、when、while、if、as 等連接詞引導的副詞子句時,可以透過以下步驟簡化。這種改寫方式能有效減少句子中的重複元素,讓表達更加簡潔流暢。

1.1. 改寫步驟:一般動詞(主動語態)

步驟

操作說明

注意事項

步驟一

刪除連接詞(because, when, while, if, as, since 等)

確保原句有明確的連接詞

步驟二

刪除主詞(前提:兩個子句主詞必須相同)

這是最關鍵的前提條件

步驟三

將動詞改為 V-ing 形式

保持動詞的語意不變

步驟四

調整語序(視需要將分詞構句移至句首或句尾)

通常置於句首,用逗號分隔

實例示範(主動):

範例:表原因

步驟

句子變化

原句

Because Xiaoting felt nervous before her presentation at Taipei 101, she practiced her speech ten times.

步驟一

Because Xiaoting felt nervous before her presentation at Taipei 101, she practiced her speech ten times.

步驟二

Xiaoting felt nervous before her presentation at Taipei 101, she practiced her speech ten times.

步驟三

Feeling nervous before her presentation at Taipei 101, she practiced her speech ten times.

完成句

Feeling nervous before her presentation at Taipei 101, Xiaoting practiced her speech ten times.(在台北 101 簡報前感到緊張,小婷練習她的演講十次。)

範例:表時間

步驟

句子變化

原句

When Professor Lin arrived at the Hong Kong airport, he immediately took the Airport Express to Central.

步驟一

When Professor Lin arrived at the Hong Kong airport, he immediately took the Airport Express to Central.

步驟二

Professor Lin arrived at the Hong Kong airport, he immediately took the Airport Express to Central.

步驟三

Arriving at the Hong Kong airport, he immediately took the Airport Express to Central.

完成句

Arriving at the Hong Kong airport, Professor Lin immediately took the Airport Express to Central.(抵達香港機場時,林教授立即搭乘機場快線前往中環。)

如何形成分詞構句?
如何形成分詞構句?

1.2. 改寫步驟 - Be 動詞(主動與被動語態)

步驟

操作說明

注意事項

步驟一

刪除連接詞

適用於 because, when, as, since 等

步驟二

刪除主詞(前提:兩個子句主詞相同)

主詞必須一致

步驟三

Be 動詞變為 Being(主動)或保持 p.p.(被動)

Being 通常可省略

步驟四

保留形容詞、名詞或過去分詞

視原句結構而定

實例示範(Be 動詞):

範例:主動 - Be + 形容詞

步驟

句子變化

原句

As Miss Zhang was excited about winning the scholarship to study at National Taiwan University, she shared the news with her family immediately.

步驟一

As Miss Zhang was excited about winning the scholarship to study at National Taiwan University, she shared the news with her family immediately.

步驟二

Miss Zhang was excited about winning the scholarship to study at National Taiwan University, she shared the news with her family immediately.

步驟三

Being excited about winning the scholarship to study at National Taiwan University, she shared the news with her family immediately.

步驟四

Excited about winning the scholarship to study at National Taiwan University, Miss Zhang shared the news with her family immediately.(對贏得台灣大學獎學金感到興奮,張小姐立即與家人分享這個消息。)

範例:被動 - Be + p.p.

步驟

句子變化

原句

Since the traditional tea house in Jiufen was built in 1920, it has attracted thousands of tourists from around the world.

步驟一

Since the traditional tea house in Jiufen was built in 1920, it has attracted thousands of tourists from around the world.

步驟二

the traditional tea house in Jiufen was built in 1920, it has attracted thousands of tourists from around the world.

步驟三

Being built in 1920, it has attracted thousands of tourists from around the world.

步驟四

Built in 1920, the traditional tea house in Jiufen has attracted thousands of tourists from around the world.(建於 1920 年,九份的這家傳統茶館吸引了來自世界各地數千名遊客。)

功能分類完整說明:

功能

連接詞

改寫後的意義

實例

表時間

when, while, as

兩個動作同時或相繼發生

Walking through Ximending, I saw many street performers.(走過西門町時,我看到許多街頭藝人。)

表原因

because, since, as

說明主要動作的原因

Feeling tired after the conference, she cancelled her evening plans.(會議後感到疲倦,她取消了晚上的計畫。)

表條件

if

假設某條件成立

Turning right at Pacific Place, you will find the Eslite Bookstore in Hong Kong.(在太古廣場右轉,你會找到香港誠品書店。)

表讓步

although, though

儘管某情況仍然...

Knowing the risks, the entrepreneur still decided to invest in the startup.(儘管知道風險,企業家仍決定投資這家新創公司。)

2. 路徑二:簡化「對等子句」(And)

這是台灣英文教學中常提到的另一種分詞構句形成方式。當兩個對等子句用 "and" 連接,且主詞相同時,可以將後句動詞改為 V-ing,表達「附帶狀況」或「同時發生的動作」。這種用法特別適合描述連續動作或伴隨情況。

改寫步驟表

步驟

操作說明

重點提示

步驟一

刪除逗號和連接詞 and

確認兩個子句主詞相同

步驟二

將第二個子句的動詞改為 V-ing

保持英文時態一致性

步驟三

用逗號分隔兩部分

分詞構句置於句尾

步驟四

檢查語意是否清晰

確保前後動作邏輯合理

實例示範:

範例 1:同時發生的動作

步驟

句子變化

原句

Mr. Chen sat in the coffee shop near Taipei Main Station, and he worked on his laptop for three hours.

步驟一

Mr. Chen sat in the coffee shop near Taipei Main Station , and he worked on his laptop for three hours.

步驟二

Mr. Chen sat in the coffee shop near Taipei Main Station working on his laptop for three hours.

完成句

Mr. Chen sat in the coffee shop near Taipei Main Station, working on his laptop for three hours.(陳先生坐在台北車站附近的咖啡廳,用筆記型電腦工作了三個小時。)

範例 2:順序發生的動作

步驟

句子變化

原句

The tour guide opened the bus door, and she welcomed the tourists from Singapore warmly.

步驟一

The tour guide opened the bus door , and she welcomed the tourists from Singapore warmly.

步驟二

The tour guide opened the bus door welcoming the tourists from Singapore warmly.

完成句

The tour guide opened the bus door, welcoming the tourists from Singapore warmly.(導遊打開巴士門,熱情地歡迎來自新加坡的遊客。)

範例 3:附帶結果

步驟

句子變化

原句

Xiaojun studied TOEIC vocabulary every day for six months, and he successfully improved his score from 550 to 800.

步驟一

Xiaojun studied TOEIC vocabulary every day for six months, and he successfully improved his score from 550 to 800.

步驟二

Xiaojun studied TOEIC vocabulary every day for six months successfully improving his score from 550 to 800.

完成句

Xiaojun studied TOEIC vocabulary every day for six months, successfully improving his score from 550 to 800.(小俊每天學習 TOEIC 單字六個月,成功地將分數從 550 提升到 800。)

重點提醒:

  1. 這種用法強調兩個動作「同時進行」或「順序發生」

  2. 第二個動作通常是第一個動作的「附帶狀況」、「方式」或「自然結果」

  3. 分詞構句通常置於句尾,較少放在句首

  4. 兩個動作之間必須有邏輯上的關聯性

掌握這兩條改寫路徑後,你就能靈活處理各種句型,將複雜的句子轉換為簡潔的分詞構句。記住,改寫的前提永遠是「主詞一致」——這是避免產生懸蕩分詞錯誤的關鍵原則。在實際應用時,選擇哪一種改寫路徑取決於原句的結構和你想要表達的語意重點。

路徑二:簡化「對等子句」(And)
路徑二:簡化「對等子句」(And)

IV. 特殊情況與常見錯誤

在學習分詞構句與分詞片語時,有些特殊情況和常見錯誤需要特別注意。正確理解這些例外規則,能幫助你避免在考試或寫作中犯錯。這些特殊情況往往是進階學習者需要掌握的重點,也是區分熟練度的關鍵指標。

1. 特殊情況一:獨立分詞構句

當分詞構句的主詞與主要子句的主詞「不同」時,必須保留分詞構句的主詞,形成「獨立分詞構句」。這種結構在正式寫作和文學作品中特別常見,能夠增加句子的表達層次。

結構對比表:

類型

結構

主詞關係

使用場合

一般分詞構句

V-ing/p.p. + ..., 主詞 + 動詞

主詞相同

日常寫作

獨立分詞構句

主詞A + V-ing/p.p., 主詞B + 動詞

主詞不同

正式文體

常見例句:

  • The weather being extremely hot in Taipei, the outdoor concert at Daan Forest Park was postponed until evening.(台北天氣極度炎熱,大安森林公園的戶外音樂會被延至晚上。)➡️ 主詞不同:weather ≠ concert

  • The typhoon having passed, residents in Hualien began cleaning up the debris from their homes and streets.(颱風過境後,花蓮居民開始清理住家和街道的碎片。)➡️主詞不同:typhoon ≠ residents

慣用獨立分詞片語:

慣用語

意義

例句

Weather permitting

天氣允許的話

Weather permitting, we will hold the Dragon Boat Festival race on the Tamsui River.(天氣允許的話,我們將在淡水河舉辦龍舟比賽。)

Time permitting

時間允許的話

Time permitting, Professor Wang will answer questions after the lecture at NTU.(時間允許的話,王教授將在台大演講後回答問題。)

All things considered

綜合考量

All things considered, moving to Hong Kong for work was the right decision for her career.(綜合考量,為工作搬到香港對她的職涯是正確的決定。)

2. 特殊情況二:否定用法

在分詞構句中表達否定時,將 "not" 放在分詞之前。這是固定的語法規則。

否定形式對照表:

類型

肯定形式

否定形式

現在分詞

Knowing the answer

Not knowing the answer

過去分詞

Satisfied with the result

Not satisfied with the result

完成式

Having studied

Not having studied

正確用法示例:

  • Not knowing the way to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, the tourists asked a local resident for directions.(不知道前往國父紀念館的路,遊客向當地居民問路。)

  • Not having received any response from the university, Xiaowen decided to call the admissions office in Hong Kong.(沒有收到大學的任何回覆,小文決定打電話給香港的招生辦公室。)

  • Not being a permanent resident of Taiwan, he couldn't apply for the government scholarship program.(不是台灣的永久居民,他無法申請政府獎學金計畫。)

3. 特殊情況三:慣用分詞片語

有些分詞片語已經成為固定用法,不需要考慮主詞一致性,這些被稱為「慣用分詞構句」。

常用分詞構句分詞片語整理表:

慣用語

中文意思

使用場合

例句

Generally speaking

一般來說

表達概括性觀點

Generally speaking, students in Taiwan spend more time studying English than speaking it.(一般來說,台灣學生花更多時間學習英文而非說英文。)

Frankly speaking

坦白說

表達真實想法

Frankly speaking, I don't think this business plan will succeed in the Hong Kong market.(坦白說,我認為這個商業計畫在香港市場不會成功。)

Strictly speaking

嚴格說來

強調精確性

Strictly speaking, this sentence structure isn't grammatically perfect.(嚴格說來,這個句子結構在文法上不完美。)

Roughly speaking

粗略地說

提供大概估計

Roughly speaking, it takes about two hours to drive from Taipei to Taichung.(粗略地說,從台北開車到台中大約需要兩小時。)

Judging from...

從...判斷

根據觀察推斷

Judging from her accent, she must have grown up in southern Taiwan.(從她的口音判斷,她一定是在台灣南部長大。)

Considering...

考慮到...

列入考量因素

Considering the high cost of living in Hong Kong, this salary offer is quite reasonable.(考慮到香港的高生活成本,這個薪資待遇相當合理。)

Talking of...

談到...

轉換話題

Talking of travel, have you been to the new art museum in Taichung?(談到旅行,你去過台中的新美術館嗎?)

Speaking of...

說到...

引出相關話題

Speaking of English exams, when is your IELTS test scheduled?(說到英文考試,你的 IELTS 考試排在什麼時候?)

使用提示: 這些慣用語可以自由使用,不需要擔心主詞是否與主要子句一致。它們主要用來引導話題、表達態度或提供評論,是讓文章更加自然流暢的好工具。

4. 常見錯誤一:懸蕩分詞

這是學習分詞構句時最容易犯的錯誤。當分詞構句的邏輯主詞與主要子句的主詞不一致,且未明確標示時,就會產生「懸蕩分詞」,造成語意混淆或產生荒謬的意思。

錯誤類型對照表:

錯誤類型

錯誤示範

正確寫法

主詞混淆

❌ Walking through Yongkang Street, the famous beef noodles looked delicious.

✅ Walking through Yongkang Street, I found the famous beef noodles looked delicious.(走過永康街時,我發現那家著名的牛肉麵看起來很美味。)

邏輯錯誤

❌ Driving to Taichung, the highway was very crowded.

✅ Driving to Taichung, we found the highway was very crowded.(開車去台中時,我們發現高速公路非常擁擠。)

被動混淆

❌ Writing in English, the report was difficult.

✅ Written in English, the report was difficult to understand.(用英文寫成,這份報告很難理解。)

時態錯誤

❌ Having finished the exam, the answer sheets were collected.

✅ Having finished the exam, students handed in their answer sheets.(考完試後,學生繳交答案卷。)

5. 常見錯誤二:時態與語態混淆

在選擇使用 V-ing 或 p.p. 時,必須清楚判斷主詞與動作的關係。這是許多學習者容易混淆的地方。

判斷流程表:

判斷步驟

問題

答案選擇

步驟一

主詞能「主動」做這個動作嗎?

  • 能 → V-ing

  • 不能 → 步驟二

步驟二

主詞是「被動」承受這個動作嗎?

  • 是 → p.p.

  • 不是 → 重新檢查

步驟三

動作發生在主要動作「之前」嗎?

  • 是 → Having p.p.

  • 不是 → 回步驟一

錯誤示範與修正:

錯誤類型

錯誤示範

正確寫法

主動與被動混淆

❌ Writing in Classical Chinese, this ancient text from the National Palace Museum is difficult for modern readers.

✅ Written in Classical Chinese, this ancient text from the National Palace Museum is difficult for modern readers.(用文言文寫成,故宮的這份古籍對現代讀者來說很困難。)

時間順序錯誤

❌ Arriving at the IELTS test center, she had already reviewed all the vocabulary.

✅ Having reviewed all the vocabulary, she arrived at the IELTS test center feeling confident.(複習完所有單字後,她信心滿滿地抵達 IELTS 考場。)

掌握這些特殊情況與常見錯誤,你就能更準確地使用分詞構句,避免在分詞構句練習題中失分。記住,語法規則固然重要,但理解其背後的邏輯更能幫助你在實際應用時做出正確判斷。

V. 分詞構句題庫:3大題型實戰演練

理論學習後,最重要的就是透過分詞構句練習題​來鞏固概念。以下提供三種不同難度的分詞構句練習題,從基礎選擇題到進階除錯題,幫助你循序漸進掌握這個文法重點。這些題目涵蓋了各種常見考點,是準備 TOEIC、IELTS 等英文檢定考試的絕佳練習材料。

1. 第一關:基礎選擇題(TOEIC 多益題型)

這部分分詞構句題庫著重於判斷主動(V-ing)與被動(p.p.)的選擇,適合剛接觸分詞構句的學習者。每題都模擬真實考試情境,幫助你熟悉題型。

題目 1-10:請選出正確答案

  1. _____ in 1998, the Taipei 101 building quickly became an iconic landmark of the city.

    • (A) Build

    • (B) Building

    • (C) Built

    • (D) To build

  2. _____ exhausted after working overtime at the company in Xinyi District, Miss Chen went straight home without having dinner.

    • (A) Feel

    • (B) Feeling

    • (C) Felt

    • (D) To feel

  3. _____ the recipe instructions carefully, you can make delicious Taiwanese pineapple cakes at home.

    • (A) Follow

    • (B) Following

    • (C) Followed

    • (D) To follow

  4. _____ by millions of tourists every year, Hong Kong Disneyland has become one of Asia's top attractions.

    • (A) Visit

    • (B) Visiting

    • (C) Visited

    • (D) To visit

  5. _____ along Zhongshan North Road without an umbrella during the sudden rainstorm, Mr. Wang caught a bad cold.

    • (A) Walk

    • (B) Walking

    • (C) Walked

    • (D) To walk

  6. _____ in both Traditional Chinese and English, this government website makes information accessible to international residents.

    • (A) Write

    • (B) Writing

    • (C) Written

    • (D) To write

  7. Not _____ what to order at the restaurant, the foreign student asked the waiter for recommendations.

    • (A) know

    • (B) knowing

    • (C) known

    • (D) to know

  8. _____ all her savings from working part-time jobs, Xiaoling decided to study abroad in Canada.

    • (A) Use

    • (B) Using

    • (C) Used

    • (D) To use

  9. _____ from organic ingredients sourced from local Taiwanese farms, this skincare product is safe for sensitive skin.

    • (A) Make

    • (B) Making

    • (C) Made

    • (D) To make

  10. _____ by the stunning night view from Victoria Peak, tourists always take countless photos during their Hong Kong trip.

    • (A) Attract

    • (B) Attracting

    • (C) Attracted

    • (D) To attract

第一關答案與詳解:

  1. (C) Built ➡️ 建築物是「被建造」,使用過去分詞表被動。完整句:Built in 1998, the Taipei 101 building quickly became an iconic landmark of the city.(建於 1998 年,台北 101 大樓迅速成為這座城市的標誌性地標。)

  2. (B) Feeling ➡️ 陳小姐「主動感到」疲倦,使用現在分詞表主動。完整句:Feeling exhausted after working overtime at the company in Xinyi District, Miss Chen went straight home without having dinner.(在信義區公司加班後感到精疲力盡,陳小姐直接回家沒有吃晚餐。)

  3. (B) Following ➡️ 你「主動遵循」食譜指示,使用現在分詞表主動。完整句:Following the recipe instructions carefully, you can make delicious Taiwanese pineapple cakes at home.(仔細遵循食譜指示,你可以在家製作美味的台灣鳳梨酥。)

  4. (C) Visited ➡️ 迪士尼樂園是「被參觀」,使用過去分詞表被動。完整句:Visited by millions of tourists every year, Hong Kong Disneyland has become one of Asia's top attractions.(每年有數百萬遊客造訪,香港迪士尼樂園已成為亞洲頂尖景點之一。)

  5. (B) Walking ➡️ 王先生「主動走」在中山北路上,使用現在分詞表主動。完整句:Walking along Zhongshan North Road without an umbrella during the sudden rainstorm, Mr. Wang caught a bad cold.(在突如其來的暴雨中沿著中山北路走而沒帶傘,王先生得了重感冒。)

  6. (C) Written ➡️ 網站是「被寫」成,使用過去分詞表被動。完整句:Written in both Traditional Chinese and English, this government website makes information accessible to international residents.(用繁體中文和英文寫成,這個政府網站讓國際居民能夠獲取資訊。)

  7. (B) knowing ➡️ 外國學生「主動不知道」,使用現在分詞,Not 置於分詞前。完整句:Not knowing what to order at the restaurant, the foreign student asked the waiter for recommendations.(不知道在餐廳該點什麼,這位外國學生向服務生詢問推薦。)

  8. (B) Using ➡️ 小玲「主動使用」存款,使用現在分詞表主動。完整句:Using all her savings from working part-time jobs, Xiaoling decided to study abroad in Canada.(使用她打工存下的所有積蓄,小玲決定到加拿大留學。)

  9. (C) Made ➡️ 產品是「被製造」,使用過去分詞表被動。
    完整句:Made from organic ingredients sourced from local Taiwanese farms, this skincare product is safe for sensitive skin.(由台灣在地農場採購的有機成分製成,這款保養品對敏感肌膚安全。)

  10. (C) Attracted ➡️ 遊客是「被吸引」,使用過去分詞表被動。完整句:Attracted by the stunning night view from Victoria Peak, tourists always take countless photos during their Hong Kong trip.(被太平山頂壯麗的夜景所吸引,遊客在香港旅行期間總是拍攝無數照片。)

2. 第二關:句型改寫題(學校考試題型)

這部分著重於分詞構句用法的實際應用,請將以下含有連接詞的句子改寫為分詞構句。這類題型在學校考試中非常常見,也是檢驗你是否真正理解改寫步驟的最佳方式。

題目 1-10:請改寫下列句子

  1. Because Xiaohua didn't have enough money for the concert ticket at Taipei Arena, she couldn't attend her favorite singer's performance.

  2. When Professor Li arrived at Hong Kong International Airport, he realized he had left his laptop at the hotel.

  3. As David was born in Kaohsiung, he speaks both Mandarin and Taiwanese fluently.

  4. After Miss Lin had completed her master's thesis at National Taiwan University, she submitted it to her supervisor for review.

  5. Because the documentary about Taiwan's aboriginal culture was rated as outstanding, it won several international film awards.

  6. While Mr. Zhang was waiting for his client at the Starbucks near Taipei Main Station, he reviewed the business proposal one more time.

  7. Since the package from the online store was damaged during delivery to Hong Kong, the customer requested a full refund immediately.

  8. After the research team had discussed the environmental problem for three hours, they finally found an innovative solution.

  9. Because Jenny didn't understand the traditional Chinese characters in the historical document, she asked her Taiwanese friend for help with translation.

  10. As the apartment is located within walking distance from Taipei MRT Zhongxiao Fuxing Station, it is extremely convenient for daily commuting.

第二關答案:

  1. Not having enough money for the concert ticket at Taipei Arena, Xiaohua couldn't attend her favorite singer's performance.(沒有足夠的錢買台北小巨蛋演唱會門票,小華無法參加她最喜歡的歌手的表演。)

  2. Arriving at Hong Kong International Airport, Professor Li realized he had left his laptop at the hotel.(抵達香港國際機場時,李教授意識到他把筆記型電腦留在飯店了。)

  3. (Being) Born in Kaohsiung, David speaks both Mandarin and Taiwanese fluently. 或:Born in Kaohsiung, David speaks both Mandarin and Taiwanese fluently.(在高雄出生,David 能流利地說國語和台語。)

  4. Having completed her master's thesis at National Taiwan University, Miss Lin submitted it to her supervisor for review.(在台灣大學完成碩士論文後,林小姐將它提交給指導教授審查。)

  5. (Being) Rated as outstanding, the documentary about Taiwan's aboriginal culture won several international film awards. 或:Rated as outstanding, the documentary about Taiwan's aboriginal culture won several international film awards.(被評為傑出作品,這部關於台灣原住民文化的紀錄片贏得了數個國際電影獎項。)

  6. Waiting for his client at the Starbucks near Taipei Main Station, Mr. Zhang reviewed the business proposal one more time.(在台北車站附近的星巴克等客戶時,張先生又把商業提案複習了一遍。)

  7. (Being) Damaged during delivery to Hong Kong, the package prompted the customer to request a full refund immediately. 或:Damaged during delivery to Hong Kong, the package prompted the customer to request a full refund immediately.(在運送到香港期間損壞,這個包裹促使顧客立即要求全額退款。)

  8. Having discussed the environmental problem for three hours, the research team finally found an innovative solution.(討論環境問題三小時後,研究團隊終於找到創新的解決方案。)

  9. Not understanding the traditional Chinese characters in the historical document, Jenny asked her Taiwanese friend for help with translation.(不懂歷史文件中的繁體中文字,Jenny 請她的台灣朋友幫忙翻譯。)

  10. (Being) Located within walking distance from Taipei MRT Zhongxiao Fuxing Station, the apartment is extremely convenient for daily commuting. 或:Located within walking distance from Taipei MRT Zhongxiao Fuxing Station, the apartment is extremely convenient for daily commuting.(位於台北捷運忠孝復興站步行距離內,這間公寓對日常通勤極為方便。)

3. 第三關:進階除錯題(寫作應用題型)

這是最具挑戰性的分詞構句練習。以下句子都含有語法錯誤,請找出錯誤並提供正確寫法。這類題目能有效訓練你發現和修正錯誤的能力,是提升寫作品質的關鍵。

題目 1-10:請找出錯誤並改正

  1. Walking through the busy streets of Ximending, the bubble tea shops looked very crowded.

  2. Finished her homework at the library, she went to meet friends at Eslite Bookstore.

  3. Being lived in Taipei for eight years, Xiaojie knows all the best night markets in the city.

  4. The IELTS exam being difficult, but I still managed to achieve my target band score.

  5. Written the email to the Hong Kong office, it was sent immediately by the manager.

  6. Opened the door of the apartment in Daan District, a beautiful view of Taipei 101 was visible.

  7. Having ate breakfast at the traditional Taiwanese restaurant, we headed to the museum.

  8. Not finished the project on time, the deadline was extended by two weeks.

  9. Studying hard for the TOEIC test, but the listening section was still very challenging.

  10. Hearing the announcement about the typhoon warning, her travel plans to Taitung were cancelled suddenly.

第三關答案與錯誤分析:

  1. 錯誤: 懸蕩分詞——泡沫紅茶店不會走路 ➡️ 正確: Walking through the busy streets of Ximending, I noticed the bubble tea shops looked very crowded.(走過西門町繁忙的街道時,我注意到泡沫紅茶店看起來非常擁擠。)

  2. 錯誤: 缺少 Having——動作有明確先後順序 ➡️ 正確: Having finished her homework at the library, she went to meet friends at Eslite Bookstore.(在圖書館完成作業後,她去誠品書店見朋友。)

  3. 錯誤: Being lived 語態錯誤——live 是不及物動詞,沒有被動式 ➡️ 正確: Having lived in Taipei for eight years, Xiaojie knows all the best night markets in the city.(在台北住了八年後,小傑知道城市裡所有最好的夜市。)

  4. 錯誤: but 不該出現在分詞構句中 ➡️ 正確: The IELTS exam being difficult, I still managed to achieve my target band score.(雅思考試很難,我仍然成功達到目標分數。)

  5. 錯誤: 懸蕩分詞——電子郵件不會寫電子郵件 ➡️ 正確: Having written the email to the Hong Kong office, the manager sent it immediately.(寫完給香港辦公室的電子郵件後,經理立即將它寄出。)

  6. 錯誤: 懸蕩分詞——美麗的景色不會開門 ➡️ 正確: Opening the door of the apartment in Daan District, we saw a beautiful view of Taipei 101.(打開大安區公寓的門時,我們看到台北 101 的美麗景色。)

  7. 錯誤: ate 應為過去分詞 eaten ➡️ 正確: Having eaten breakfast at the traditional Taiwanese restaurant, we headed to the museum.(在傳統台灣餐廳吃完早餐後,我們前往博物館。)

  8. 錯誤: 懸蕩分詞——截止日期不會做專案 ➡️ 正確: The project not being finished on time, the deadline was extended by two weeks.(專案沒有準時完成,截止日期被延長兩週。)

  9. 錯誤: but 不該出現 ➡️ 正確: Studying hard for the TOEIC test, I still found the listening section very challenging.(努力準備 TOEIC 考試,我仍然覺得聽力部分非常具有挑戰性。)

  10. 正確! 此句無誤。她「主動聽到」颱風警報的公告,旅行計畫被取消是結果。完整句意:Hearing the announcement about the typhoon warning, her travel plans to Taitung were cancelled suddenly.(聽到颱風警報的公告,她去台東的旅行計畫突然被取消。)

完成這三關分詞構句題庫練習後,你應該能更清楚掌握分詞構句的各種用法與常見錯誤。記住,多做練習是熟練文法的不二法門。建議你將錯誤的題目重新做一遍,確保真正理解每個概念。你也可以嘗試自己創造類似的句子,運用在日常英文寫作中,這樣能更快地內化這些文法規則。

VI. 補充知識標點符號:分詞構句一定要用逗號嗎?

答案: 不一定,視位置和緊密度而定。

必須使用英文標點符號的情況:

情況

說明

例句

分詞構句在句首

幾乎都需要用逗號分隔

Feeling nervous before the interview at the company in Xinyi, Xiaomei practiced her self-introduction many times.(在信義區公司面試前感到緊張,小美練習自我介紹很多次。)

分詞構句較長

包含多個成分時必須用逗號

Having lived in three different countries during her university years and mastered multiple languages, she found it easy to adapt to the multicultural environment in Hong Kong.(在大學期間曾住過三個不同國家並掌握多種語言後,她發現很容易適應香港的多元文化環境。)

強調對比或原因

需要明確分隔時

Not having any prior experience in marketing, he found his new job at the advertising agency very challenging.(沒有任何行銷經驗,他發現在廣告公司的新工作非常具有挑戰性。)

可省略逗號的情況:

情況

說明

例句

分詞構句在句尾且緊密相關

表達同時動作或附帶狀況

She sat in the library studying for her final exams.(她坐在圖書館準備期末考試。)

簡短分詞片語

只有兩三個字時

He left waving goodbye.(他揮手告別後離開。)

修飾緊鄰名詞

作為形容詞功能時

The man sitting at the corner table is my professor.(坐在角落桌子的那個人是我的教授。)

寫作建議: 如果不確定,使用逗號是較安全的選擇,特別是在正式寫作或考試中。過度使用逗號比遺漏逗號造成的誤解要小。

結論

分詞構句是英文文法中兼具實用性與挑戰性的重要概念。從基礎的觀念釐清、三大類別的辨識,到改寫技巧的掌握,以及透過完整的分詞構句題庫實戰演練,相信你已經對這個文法工具有了全面深入的理解。記住分詞構句的核心原則:主詞一致、語態正確、時間清楚。這三個原則是正確使用分詞構句的基石。

對 IELTS 和 TOEIC 考試格式感到不熟悉?陌生的考試環境會影響你的得分機會。PREPEDU Test Practice 重現真實考場氛圍,針對 IELTS 四項技能和 TOEIC 商務英語情境進行優化,幫助你掌握題型和答題節奏。

豐富的雅思考題多益題庫推薦涵蓋超過一千道精選練習題,持續更新以追蹤考試趨勢,收錄高頻題目。智能分析工具深入檢視每個錯誤,提供客製化學習建議,助你快速突破瓶頸。

獨特的視覺化學習路徑讓你在每個階段見證顯著進步。成功就在眼前。把握機會拉開與對手的差距。

立即開始 PREPEDU Test Practice,自信迎接挑戰。今天就免費試用 PREPEDU Test Practice!

黃秋賢
Product Content Admin

你好!我叫黃秋賢。現在在網站 prepedu.com 的部落格擔任產品內容經理。

我有超過5年的英語、韓語等外語自學經驗,並準備過 IELTS、TOEIC、TOPIK 等考試,累積了豐富的實戰知識,也曾協助數千位在語言學習上遇到困難的人。希望以上的分享能幫助大家在家中更有效率地自學!

評論評論

0/300 個字元
Loading...
PREP PTE. LTD.

統一企業編號:202227322W
地址:114 LAVENDER STREET, #11-83 CT HUB 2, SINGAPORE (338729)

認證機構
DMCA protect