【There is there are 用法全攻略】從基礎到進階,徹底解決「有」的英文誤區!
There is there are 用法到底怎麼分?這是台灣與香港英語學習者最常搜尋的語法問題之一。簡單來說,There is 用於單數可數名詞與不可數名詞,There are 用於複數可數名詞,兩者的核心功能都是描述「某處存在某人或某物」,而非表示「擁有」。這一個區別,正是解開九成中文母語者英語誤區的關鍵。
許多學習者從國中就開始接觸這個句型,卻在 IELTS 寫作或 TOEIC 商業英語測驗中仍然寫出 "There has a book on the table"(❌)這樣的錯誤。問題的根源不在於不熟悉,而在於從未真正理解 There be 句型背後的邏輯——句首的 there 只是一個語法佔位詞,真正的主詞其實藏在 Be 動詞後面。一旦你掌握這個核心概念,所有的時態變化、鄰近原則、不定代名詞搭配,都會變得清晰而有條理。
There is there are 用法的學習難點,不在記規則,而在理解「there 只是佔位詞,真正的主詞在後面」——這一個認知,解釋了為什麼 There is water、There are students、There has been a change 這三句話裡,動詞形式完全不同,卻都遵循同一個邏輯:看 Be 動詞後面那個名詞是單數還是複數。
本篇文章由 PREPEDU 整理,涵蓋 There is there are 用法從基礎句型到進階結構的完整解析,包括縮寫規則、疑問句倒裝、時態與情態助動詞搭配、固定句型,以及台灣與香港學生最常犯的三大誤區。文末附有三套共三十題的分級練習,幫助你在最短時間內真正內化這個句型,而不只是「記住公式」。
- I. There is there are 用法定義與核心觀念:There is / There are 意思是什麼?
- II. 基礎 There is There are 用法與句型結構(肯定、否定、縮寫)
- III. 疑問句的 There be 用法結構
- IV. 特殊與進階的 There is There are 用法
- V. 常見時態變化與情態助動詞中的 There be 用法
- VI. 台灣/香港學生常犯的 3 個 There is / There are 用法誤區
- VII. There is There are 用法實戰練習題(附解答)
- VIII. There is There are 用法常見問題(FAQ)
- 結論
I. There is there are 用法定義與核心觀念:There is / There are 意思是什麼?
There be 句型表示「某處存在某人或某物」,不是「擁有」。句首的 there 是語法佔位詞,真正的主詞是 Be 動詞後方的名詞——這個名詞決定了 is 還是 are,決定了所有時態選擇,也決定了所有相關規則的邏輯。
學習 There is there are 用法之前,必須先釐清一個核心概念:There be 句型不等於「擁有」,而是表示「存在」。
|
概念 |
結構 |
意思 |
例句 |
|
存在(Existence) |
There is/There are |
某處「有」某人或某物 |
There is a night market on Linjiang Street in Taipei.(台北臨江街有一個夜市。) |
|
擁有(Possession) |
Have/Has |
某人「擁有」某物 |
Xiaowang has a favourite stall at that night market.(小王在那個夜市有一個最愛的攤位。) |
There be 句型的核心邏輯在於:句首的 there 只是一個佔位詞(Expletive there),真正的語法主詞是 Be 動詞後方的名詞。正因如此,動詞的單複數取決於 Be 動詞後方的名詞,而非 there 本身。這一點,是整個句型所有變化規則的根本依據。
II. 基礎 There is There are 用法與句型結構(肯定、否定、縮寫)
There is there are 用法的基礎結構有四層:單數肯定句(There is)、複數肯定句(There are)、縮寫形式,以及否定句(not any / no)。四層各有規則,依序掌握,不要跳層。
掌握定義之後,你需要建立清晰的句型骨架。There is there are 用法的基礎層次,可以拆解為四個核心結構:肯定句(單數)、肯定句(複數)、縮寫形式,以及否定句。每一層都是下一層的基礎,建議依序掌握。
1. 肯定句結構與 There is 用法(單數與不可數名詞)
公式:
There is + 冠詞(a/an/the)或量詞 + 單數名詞/不可數名詞 + 地點/時間
There is there are 用法適用於兩類名詞:其一是單數可數名詞,需搭配冠詞英文 a、an 或 the;其二是水、錢、資訊、牛奶等不可數名詞。不可數名詞沒有複數形式,因此永遠搭配 is,不論數量多寡。
-
There is a folded map of Kowloon on Xiaomei's desk before her morning meeting.(小美早會前,桌上有一張折好的九龍地圖。)
-
There is some fresh soy milk in the thermos that Xiaowang brought from the market.(小王從市場帶回來的保溫瓶裡有一些新鮮豆漿。)
-
There is not much time left before the IELTS exam next Saturday.(距離下週六的 IELTS 考試,剩餘時間不多了。)
記住:名詞的「量」不影響 is 的選擇,影響的是名詞的「性質」——只要是單數可數或不可數,就用 is。
2. 肯定句結構與 There are 用法(複數名詞)
公式:
There are + 複數名詞(加 s/es)+ 地點/時間
There is there are 用法對應複數可數名詞,名詞需要加上正確的複數字尾。搭配 some、many、several、a few、twenty 等量詞英文時,後接複數名詞,動詞固定用 are,不隨量詞變化。
-
There are thirty students preparing for the DSE English exam in this study hall in Hong Kong.(香港這間自修室裡有三十名學生正在備考 DSE 英文科。)
-
There are several traditional tea houses along Dihua Street in Taipei that Xiaowang recommends.(小王推薦迪化街沿途有幾間傳統茶館值得一訪。)
-
There are many opportunities waiting for graduates who are willing to work in Kaohsiung.(對於願意到高雄工作的應屆畢業生而言,有許多機會正在等待他們。)
名詞加複數字尾的規則:一般名詞加 s(books、students);以 s、sh、ch、x、o 結尾的名詞加 es(watches、boxes);以「子音 + y」結尾的名詞,將 y 改為 i 再加 es(cities、countries)。
看更多:動詞加 s es ies 規則:三單現變化與名詞複數指南
3. There is / There are 縮寫形式(Contractions)
|
完整形式 |
縮寫 |
發音提示 |
適用場合 |
|
There is not |
There isn't 或 There's not |
/ðɛrz nɒt/ |
口語、非正式書面語 |
|
There is |
There's |
/ðɛrz/ |
口語、非正式書面語 |
|
There are |
There're |
/ðɛrər/(幾乎不發音) |
僅限口語 |
|
There are not |
There aren't 或 There are no |
— |
口語、非正式書面語 |
There's 在日常對話中極為普遍,幾乎所有英語母語人士都習慣使用。There're 的發音中,-re 幾乎被吞掉,在快速語流裡難以辨識,因此在實際口語中使用頻率遠低於 There's。
關於否定縮寫,There isn't 與 There's not 意思完全相同,兩者在口語中同樣常見;而 There's no(後接名詞)語氣略強,帶有更明確的否定意味,例如 There's no problem.(沒問題。)
重要提示: 學術寫作、正式報告與考試(IELTS、TOEIC、DSE)的書面作答中,建議使用完整形式 There is/There are,避免縮寫,以符合正式語域的規範。
4. 否定句結構(Negative Form)
公式的 There is there are 用法:
There is/are + not + any + 名詞
There is/are + no + 名詞
否定句有兩種等效寫法,意思完全相同,可以互換使用:
-
There is not any milk left in the fridge after Xiaowang's younger sister visited.(小王的妹妹來訪之後,冰箱裡一滴牛奶也不剩了。) = There is no milk left in the fridge.(冰箱裡沒有牛奶。)
-
There are not any available seats on the last train from Taipei to Kaohsiung tonight.(今晚從台北開往高雄的末班車沒有任何空位。) = There are no available seats.(沒有空位。)
-
There isn't a single convenience store open near the hiking trail on Yangmingshan at this hour.(陽明山的登山步道附近,這個時間沒有任何一間便利商店開著。)
重點提示: not any 與 no 語意等同,但 no 語氣更為直接、強烈,且句型更簡潔。在正式寫作中,no 結構更受青睞;口語中則兩者皆可自然使用。特別注意:There is no 後方接名詞,不加 a/an,例如 There is no reason.(沒有理由。)
III. 疑問句的 There be 用法結構
There be 疑問句分兩種:Be 動詞前移形成 Yes/No 倒裝疑問句(Is/Are there...?);搭配疑問詞形成 Wh- 問句(How many/much/What/Where...?)。兩種結構在 IELTS 口試 Part 1/2 的描述性回答中出現頻率極高。
當你能描述「存在」,下一步就是「發問存在與否」。There is there are 用法中的疑問句,分為兩種:以 Be 動詞開頭的 Yes/No 倒裝疑問句,以及搭配疑問詞的 Wh- 問句。兩者各有固定句型,掌握後可直接應用於口試與日常溝通。
1. Yes/No 倒裝疑問句與簡答(Is there / Are there...?)
公式:
Is/Are + there + 冠詞 + 名詞 + 地點?
倒裝邏輯直接:把 Be 動詞移到 there 前面,句子即成疑問句。
-
Is there a pharmacy open near the Zhongxiao Dunhua MRT station right now?(現在忠孝敦化捷運站附近有開著的藥局嗎?) — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
-
Are there any non-smoking rooms available at the guesthouse in Jiufen?(九份的民宿還有非吸菸房嗎?) — Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
-
Was there a typhoon warning issued for Hong Kong last weekend?(上週末有為香港發出颱風警告嗎?) — Yes, there was. / No, there wasn't.
注意: 簡答只需 Yes/No + there + is/are(或縮寫),切勿重複主名詞,例如 Yes, there is a room 在語法上正確,但在口語中過於冗贅,直接說 Yes, there is. 即可。
2. Wh- 疑問詞搭配 There is / There are 用法
搭配疑問詞的問句是許多基礎教材會略過的進階句法,但在 IELTS 口試 Part 1 和 Part 2 的描述性回答中出現頻率極高。以下是四個最常用的公式:
|
公式 |
用法說明 |
例句 |
|
How many + 複數名詞 + are there + 地點? |
詢問「可數名詞的數量」 |
|
|
How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點? |
詢問「不可數名詞的量」 |
|
|
What is there + 地點? |
詢問某地「有什麼事物」 |
|
|
Where is there + 名詞? |
詢問「哪裡有某物/某地點」 |
|
IV. 特殊與進階的 There is There are 用法
六個進階語法點直接對應 IELTS 與 TOEIC 的常見考點:鄰近原則、不定代名詞搭配、a number of vs. the number of、關係子句修飾、固定句型 no point in,以及到進階寫作的句型延伸。每一個都是台灣與香港考生的高頻失分位置。
這是整篇文章含金量最高的部分。以下六個語法點,直接對應台灣與香港英語考試大綱的重難點,也是 IELTS 與 TOEIC 寫作常見的扣分地帶。掌握這些進階的 There is there are 用法,你的書面表達將從「正確」躍升至「精確」。
1. 鄰近原則(Rule of Proximity):列舉時該用 is 還是 are?
當句子同時列舉多個名詞時,動詞的單複數由最靠近 Be 動詞的名詞決定,這就是鄰近原則(Rule of Proximity)。
對比以下兩句,意思完全相同,但語序不同,動詞也跟著不同:
✅ There IS a pen and two notebooks on Xiaomei's desk at the Hong Kong office.(動詞最近的名詞是單數 a pen,所以用 is。)
✅ There ARE two notebooks and a pen on Xiaomei's desk at the Hong Kong office.(動詞最近的名詞是複數 two notebooks,所以用 are。)
這個原則在 There is there are 用法的考題中反覆出現。實際上,在非正式語境中,使用完整複數形式(There are a pen and two notebooks...)在語法上更為嚴謹,因為整體概念是複數的。但鄰近原則在口語中被廣泛接受,並且是考試選擇題的主要考點。
TOEIC Part 5 視角:鄰近原則在 TOEIC Part 5 的出題策略中被刻意利用——出題者會把「單數名詞」放在 There is/are 正後方,而把「複數名詞」放在句子後段,讓考生誤以為要用 are。例如:「There ___ a large number of complaints from customers this week.」(A) is (B) are — 正確答案是 (A) is,因為最靠近動詞的是 a large number,而非 complaints。但如果改成「There ___ a number of complaints...」,答案就變成 (B) are,因為 a number of = many(複數概念)。兩個幾乎相同的句子,動詞卻不同——這就是 TOEIC 命題者藏在鄰近原則裡的邏輯陷阱。
2. There is 用法 + 不定代名詞(someone, anything, nothing)
遇到 someone、anyone、anything、nothing、nobody、everything、no one 等不定代名詞,一律搭配 There is,從不使用 There are。
-
There is someone at the reception desk asking for Xiaowang by name.(接待處有人點名找小王。)
-
There is nothing wrong with the contract Xiaomei reviewed this morning.(小美今早審查的合約沒有任何問題。)
-
Is there anything I can help you with before the closing ceremony in Kaohsiung?(高雄閉幕式開始前,有任何我能幫你的嗎?)
-
There is no one available to cover the shift tonight at the store in Mong Kok.(旺角分店今晚沒有任何人能代班。)
原因在於:這些不定代名詞在語法上屬於單數概念,因此只能搭配單數動詞 is。
3. There is / There are + a number of / a variety of 的判定
在 There is there are 用法中,這是考試最常見的陷阱之一,許多學習者把 a number of 視為單數,實際上恰好相反。請用以下對比表格記憶:
|
片語 |
動詞 |
邏輯 |
例句 |
|
a number of + 複數名詞 |
are(複數) |
相當於 many,強調「許多個」 |
There are a number of unresolved issues from last week's meeting in Taipei.(台北上週的會議留下了許多未解決的問題。) |
|
the number of + 複數名詞 |
is(單數) |
「……的數量」本身是單數概念 |
The number of applicants is higher than expected this year.(今年的申請人數高於預期。) |
|
a variety of + 複數名詞 |
are(複數) |
相當於 many kinds of |
There are a variety of dim sum options available at the restaurant in Central, Hong Kong.(香港中環那間餐廳提供各式各樣的點心選擇。) |
|
a large amount of + 不可數名詞 |
is(單數) |
amount 為單數量詞 |
There is a large amount of paperwork to complete before the Lunar New Year break.(農曆新年假期前有大量文書工作需要完成。) |
關鍵記憶點:a number of = many,後接複數名詞,動詞用複數;the number of 是「數量本身」,為單數概念,動詞用單數。
4. There be + 名詞 + 關係子句 / to-V(不定詞)
There is there are 用法可以延伸成更複雜的句型,是進階寫作中提升句子資訊密度的有效技巧,也是 IELTS 寫作任務二中拉開語言差距的關鍵結構。
|
公式一:There is/are + 名詞 + 關係子句(who / that / which) |
公式二:There is/are + 名詞 + to-V(不定詞) |
|
|
5. 固定句型:There is no point in + V-ing
公式:
There is no point in + V-ing = It is pointless to + V(做……毫無意義)
-
There is no point in rewriting the entire report tonight if the client has already extended the deadline.(如果客戶已經延長截止日期,今晚把整份報告重寫一遍毫無意義。)= It is pointless to rewrite the entire report tonight.(今晚重寫整份報告是沒有用的。)
-
There is no point in memorising every single vocabulary word without understanding how to use it in context.(在不理解脈絡用法的情況下,把每一個單字都死背下來是沒有用的。)
V. 常見時態變化與情態助動詞中的 There be 用法
There be 句型可以橫跨所有時態與情態助動詞。規則只有一條:把 be 動詞換成對應時態的形式即可。表格是最高效的複習工具——掃一眼,結構全在。
There is there are 用法並不侷限於現在式。以下綜合時態表格是最高效的複習工具。
|
時態/結構 |
單數 |
複數 |
例句(搭配場景) |
|
現在式 |
There is |
There are |
There is a jazz performance at the venue tonight.(今晚場地有爵士樂表演。) |
|
過去式 |
There was |
There were |
There were hundreds of lanterns floating above the Shifen Waterfall last Lantern Festival.(上個元宵節,十分瀑布上方有數百盞天燈冉冉升起。) |
|
未來式(will) |
There will be |
There will be |
There will be an announcement regarding the new train line through Hsinchu next month.(下個月將有一項關於通過新竹的新鐵路線的公告。) |
|
未來式(be going to) |
There is going to be |
There are going to be |
There are going to be significant changes to the curriculum next semester.(下學期課程將有重大調整。) |
|
現在完成式 |
There has been |
There have been |
There have been three typhoon warnings issued for Hong Kong this summer alone.(僅今年夏天,香港已發出三次颱風警告。) |
|
情態助動詞 |
There must/might/could be |
There must/might/could be |
There must be a more efficient route from Taoyuan Airport to the city centre.(從桃園機場到市區,一定有更有效率的路線。) |
1. 過去式與未來式的 There is there are 用法變化
|
過去式:There was(單數)/ There were(複數) |
過去式表示某個人或某物「曾經存在」於某時某地,但現在可能已不復存在。
|
|
未來式:There will be / There is/are going to be |
英國文化協會指出,will 與 be going to 在大多數未來式情境中可以互換使用,但 be going to 更常用於已有跡象的預測,will 則較常用於臨時決定或正式宣告。
|
2. 現在完成式結構(There has / have been)
現在完成式強調「從過去某個時間點延續到現在」的狀態或累積影響,常搭配 recently、lately、since、over the past few years 等時間副詞。
-
There has been a noticeable improvement in Xiaomei's spoken English since she started attending conversation classes at the community centre.(自從小美開始在社區中心上口說練習課以來,她的英語口語有了明顯的進步。)
-
There have been many changes to the exam format of the DSE English paper over the past decade.(過去十年,DSE 英文科的考試形式已有許多調整。)
-
There has been a significant increase in the number of visitors to the night markets in Tainan recently.(最近,前往台南夜市的遊客人數有了顯著的增加。)
判斷標準 There is there are 用法:單數或不可數名詞用 has been,複數名詞用 have been。
3. 情態助動詞搭配(There must be / There might be)
公式:
There + 情態助動詞 + be + 名詞
情態助動詞讓 There be 句型增加推測、可能或應然的語氣,在 IELTS 口試與學術寫作中都是高分語言特徵:
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There must be a misunderstanding between the two teams about the project deadline.(兩個團隊之間對於專案截止日期一定有所誤解。)——幾乎確定
-
There might be a cheaper option if you book the train ticket to Kaohsiung two weeks in advance.(如果提前兩週購買到高雄的火車票,可能有更便宜的選擇。)——有可能
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There could be unforeseen complications with the visa application, so apply early.(簽證申請可能出現無法預料的問題,所以請儘早申請。)——有可能(較 might 更謹慎)
VI. 台灣/香港學生常犯的 3 個 There is / There are 用法誤區
三個誤區的共同根源都是中文母語的語言習慣轉移:「有」在中文中只有一個字,但在英文中由三個截然不同的結構表達。澄清這三個分歧點,是避免在 IELTS 和 TOEIC 中系統性失分的關鍵。
在台灣和香港的英語課堂上,以下三個錯誤幾乎每一位以中文為母語的學習者都曾經犯過。對照清單,逐一核查自己的盲點,是鞏固 There is there are 用法最直接的方法。
1. 誤區一:用 Have / Has 替代 There is / There are
|
❌ 錯誤 |
✅ 正確 |
說明 |
|
There has a book on the table. |
There is a book on the table.(桌上有一本書。) |
there be 句型不能使用 have/has |
|
Have a lot of people in the park. |
There are a lot of people in the park.(公園裡有很多人。) |
存在句必須用 There be |
|
We are five in the group. |
There are five of us in the group.(我們這個組有五個人。) |
英語中很少用 We are + 數字表示人數 |
英國文化協會的教學資料也特別提到,"We are five in the group" 這種說法在英語中幾乎不使用,正確且自然的表達是 "There are five of us in the group."
負遷移分析:「There has a book on the table.」這個錯誤,是中文「那裡有一本書」的直接語序套用——中文的「有」可以用「has」,但英語的 there be 結構完全不能用 have/has。這個錯誤的根源不是記錯規則,而是沒有建立「there be ≠ have」的獨立語法意識。最快的修正方式是在腦中把中文「有」拆分成兩個英文問題:「誰擁有?」→ have/has;「哪裡有?」→ there be。兩個問題,兩個結構,永不混用。
2. 誤區二:複數名詞後直接加動詞,遺漏關係代名詞
|
❌ 錯誤 |
✅ 正確 |
說明 |
|
There are many students want to study in the UK. |
There are many students who want to study in the UK.(有許多學生想到英國留學。) |
名詞後接動詞須先加 who/that |
|
There are lots of things need to be fixed. |
There are lots of things that need to be fixed.(有許多事情需要修正。) |
關係代名詞不可省略 |
|
There is a form fill in before the exam. |
There is a form to fill in before the exam.(考試前有一份表格需要填寫。) |
不定詞 to-V 是正確的修飾結構 |
3. 誤區三:混淆 It is(天氣/時間)與 There is(存在)
|
情境 |
正確用法 |
例句 |
|
天氣描述 |
It is |
It is raining heavily over Keelung tonight.(今晚基隆下著大雨。) |
|
時間表達 |
It is |
It is already past midnight in Hong Kong.(香港現在已經過了午夜。) |
|
距離描述 |
It is |
It is about 350 kilometres from Taipei to Kaohsiung by high-speed rail.(從台北搭高鐵到高雄約 350 公里。) |
|
某處存在某人/某物 |
There is |
There is someone waiting for you outside the Taoyuan HSR station.(有人在桃園高鐵站外面等你。) |
It is 指代天氣、時間、距離等無形背景概念,主詞 it 代表一個不需點明的情境;There is 則引出一個尚未提及的存在實體。兩者功能截然不同,切勿混用。
理論全部解析完畢。你已掌握 There is there are 用法的八大核心層次:基礎句型、縮寫、否定、疑問句、鄰近原則、不定代名詞、時態範圍,以及三大常見誤區。接下來的三套 30 題練習分別針對基礎單複數選擇、鄰近原則與特殊句型填空,以及中翻英與改錯。建議先不看解答獨立作答,找出真正的盲點。
VII. There is There are 用法實戰練習題(附解答)
1. 題型一:基礎單複數與不可數名詞選擇題
請選出正確答案(A 或 B):
-
______ a long queue outside the ramen restaurant in Xinyi District on Saturday night. A. There is B. There are
-
______ three MRT lines that pass through the central area of Taipei. A. There is B. There are
-
______ some heavy traffic on the highway heading south during Golden Week. A. There is B. There are
-
______ many heritage buildings still standing in the old districts of Kowloon. A. There is B. There are
-
______ an urgent message from the Hong Kong branch for Xiaomei this morning. A. There is B. There are
-
______ two cats and a golden retriever living in Xiaowang's apartment in Taichung. A. There is B. There are
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______ a great deal of historical information available about the early settlements in Tainan. A. There is B. There are
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______ several unread notifications on Xiaomei's work phone since the meeting ended. A. There is B. There are
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______ a lot of humidity in the air during the plum rain season in northern Taiwan. A. There is B. There are
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______ twelve public holidays in Taiwan each calendar year. A. There is B. There are
解答: 1-A 2-B 3-A 4-B 5-A 6-B(鄰近原則:最近的名詞為 two cats) 7-A(a great deal of + 不可數名詞) 8-B 9-A(humidity 為不可數名詞) 10-B
2. 題型二:鄰近原則與特殊句型填空題
請填入 is 或 are:
-
There ______ a number of cultural festivals held in Kaohsiung throughout the year.
-
There ______ nothing unusual about the itinerary Xiaomei prepared for the Kyoto trip.
-
There ______ a variety of local snacks available at the night market near Raohe Street in Taipei.
-
There ______ a notebook and three reference books on the desk in the study room.
-
There ______ someone from the Tainan branch who needs to speak with the manager today.
-
There ______ two conference rooms and one lounge area on the fourteenth floor of the building.
-
There ______ anything I should know before attending the ceremony in Hong Kong?
-
The number of international students applying to universities in Taiwan ______ increasing year by year.
-
There ______ no point in submitting the application after the deadline has passed.
-
There ______ nobody currently authorised to approve the budget revision before Monday.
解答: 1-are 2-is(nothing 為不定代名詞,單數) 3-are 4-is(鄰近原則:最近的名詞為 a notebook) 5-is(someone 為不定代名詞,單數) 6-are(鄰近原則:最近的名詞為 two conference rooms) 7-Is(疑問句倒裝,anything 為單數) 8-is(the number of 為單數概念) 9-is(固定句型) 10-is(nobody 為單數不定代名詞)
3. 題型三:中翻英邏輯轉換與時態練習
請將以下中文句子翻譯成正確英文,或找出錯誤並改正:
-
昨天晚上台北東區有一場大型露天演唱會。
-
未來幾年內,高雄港附近將有幾個大型建設項目開工。
-
❌ 改錯:There has a scheduling conflict between the two meetings next Tuesday.
-
現在九龍尖沙咀的碼頭旁邊有船嗎?(請用 Is there...?)
-
近年來,香港專業英語考試的報考人數有所增加。(請用現在完成式)
-
❌ 改錯:There are many graduates want to work in the technology sector after finishing university.
-
小王書架上連一本關於英文語法的參考書都沒有。(請用 no)
-
❌ 改錯:There have an online registration form that you need to complete before the deadline.
-
台南那間老茶館附近的巷子裡,一定有停車位。(使用情態助動詞)
-
❌ 改錯:It is a serious problem with the heating system in the Hong Kong office.(情境:辦公室的暖氣系統存在嚴重問題)
解答區塊
-
✅ There was a large outdoor concert in the eastern district of Taipei last night. 解析:過去式單數,用 was。a large outdoor concert 是單數名詞。
-
✅ There are going to be several large construction projects starting near Kaohsiung Harbour in the coming years. 解析:未來式複數,be going to 用於有跡象的預測。
-
✅ 改正:There is a scheduling conflict between the two meetings next Tuesday. 解析:have/has 不能表示存在,必須使用 There is。a scheduling conflict 是單數。
-
✅ Is there a ferry near the pier in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, right now? 解析:單數倒裝疑問句,Is there + 單數名詞。
-
✅ There have been increases in the number of people taking professional English exams in Hong Kong in recent years. 解析:現在完成式複數,搭配 in recent years。
-
✅ 改正:There are many graduates who want to work in the technology sector after finishing university.(有許多畢業生希望在完成大學學業後進入科技業工作。) 解析:名詞後接動詞,必須加關係代名詞 who。
-
✅ There is no reference book about English grammar on Xiaowang's bookshelf.(小王的書架上沒有任何一本關於英文語法的參考書。) 解析:不可數或單數否定,用 There is no + 名詞。
-
✅ 改正:There is an online registration form that you need to complete before the deadline.(截止日期前,你需要填寫一份線上報名表。) 解析:複數 have 不能表示存在。an online form 是單數,用 There is。
-
✅ There must be a parking space somewhere in the alley near that old teahouse in Tainan.(台南那間老茶館附近的巷子裡,一定有停車位。) 解析:情態助動詞 must + be,表強烈推測。
-
✅ 改正:There is a serious problem with the heating system in the Hong Kong office.(香港辦公室的暖氣系統有一個嚴重問題。) 解析:It is 用於天氣、時間、距離等情境;此處表示「辦公室暖氣系統中存在問題」,必須用 There is。
VIII. There is There are 用法常見問題(FAQ)
1.「There is a number of」和「There are a number of」哪個對?
正確用法是 There are a number of,因為 a number of 等同於 many,整個片語後面接複數名詞,動詞用複數:There are a number of problems to solve.(有許多問題需要解決。)但「the number of」則相反——the number of 本身是單數概念(「數量」這件事),動詞用單數:The number of problems is increasing.(問題的數量正在增加。)這兩個片語是 IELTS Writing 與 TOEIC 最常見的陷阱之一,建議直接用例句記憶而非只記規則。
2. There is / There are 後面可以接代名詞嗎?
不行,There be 後面必須接名詞或名詞片語,不能直接接人稱代名詞(he、she、it、they)。如果要說「他在那裡」,正確說法是 He is there.(不是 There is he.)。There be 後面可以接不定代名詞(someone、anyone、nothing 等),但這些不定代名詞在語法上屬於名詞,與人稱代名詞不同。一個常見的混淆場景:「外面有人嗎?」正確問法是 Is there someone outside? 或 Is anyone outside?,而非 Is there he outside?
3. IELTS Writing 中使用 There is / There are 會加分嗎?
There be 句型本身是基礎語法,不會讓分數直接提升——但「正確使用進階的 There be 結構」可以。評分官在 Grammatical Range and Accuracy(語法範疇與準確度)維度上,加分的是多樣化的句型結構,而非重複使用基礎句型。如果你能在 Task 1 描述圖表時寫出 There have been significant fluctuations in the data over the past decade,或在 Task 2 中寫出 There are a number of factors that need to be considered,這比反覆用簡單的 There is / There are 更能展示 B2 以上的語法能力。關鍵不在用還是不用,而在是否在合適的地方用了更複雜的 There be 結構。
結論
There is there are 用法的本質,是英語描述「世界中存在什麼」的最基本句型框架——從告訴朋友「捷運站附近有間咖啡廳」,到學術寫作中「過去十年存在顯著的政策轉變」,都是同一個邏輯的不同層次。掌握「there 只是佔位詞,真正的主詞在後面」這個核心認知,八大語法點自然串連。
本文解析了 There is there are 用法的完整體系:基礎句型(肯定、否定、縮寫)、疑問句結構(Yes/No 與 Wh-)、六個進階語法點(鄰近原則、不定代名詞、a number of、關係子句修飾、固定句型)、全時態範圍,以及三大常見誤區。三套題型 30 題涵蓋從基礎選擇到中翻英改錯的完整練習。
接下來的練習方向很具體:用 There be 句型寫一段描述你目前生活環境的短文,五到八句話,刻意加入至少一個鄰近原則句、一個現在完成式句,以及一個情態助動詞句。把語法練習與真實生活情境結合,是讓 There is there are 用法從「記住公式」進入「說話時自動選用」的最短路徑。PREPEDU 提供分主題、分難度的 IELTS 與 TOEIC 語法練習題,讓你在真實考題情境中持續強化 There be 句型的應用能力。

你好!我叫黃秋賢,現在在 prepedu.com 擔任內容企劃。我有超過5年的英語與韓語自學經歷,親身備考 IELTS、TOEIC 與 TOPIK,累積了大量第一手的學習者視角——包括哪些語法規則最讓台灣與香港學習者混淆,以及如何在有限的備考時間內最有效地修正這些錯誤。目前已在 prepedu.com 撰寫超過 1000 篇英語學習文章,內容涵蓋語法、詞彙與考試策略,累積協助數千位學習者解決自學過程中的語法疑問。
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