【There is there are 用法全攻略】從基礎到進階,徹底解決「有」的英文誤區!

There is there are 用法到底怎麼分?這是台灣與香港英語學習者最常搜尋的語法問題之一。簡單來說,There is 用於單數可數名詞與不可數名詞,There are 用於複數可數名詞,兩者的核心功能都是描述「某處存在某人或某物」,而非表示「擁有」。這一個區別,正是解開九成中文母語者英語誤區的關鍵。

許多學習者從國中就開始接觸這個句型,卻在 IELTS 寫作或 TOEIC 商業英語測驗中仍然寫出 "There has a book on the table"(❌)這樣的錯誤。問題的根源不在於不熟悉,而在於從未真正理解 There be 句型背後的邏輯——句首的 there 只是一個語法佔位詞,真正的主詞其實藏在 Be 動詞後面。一旦你掌握這個核心概念,所有的時態變化、鄰近原則、不定代名詞搭配,都會變得清晰而有條理。

There is there are 用法的學習難點,不在記規則,而在理解「there 只是佔位詞,真正的主詞在後面」——這一個認知,解釋了為什麼 There is water、There are students、There has been a change 這三句話裡,動詞形式完全不同,卻都遵循同一個邏輯:看 Be 動詞後面那個名詞是單數還是複數。

本篇文章由 PREPEDU 整理,涵蓋 There is there are 用法從基礎句型到進階結構的完整解析,包括縮寫規則、疑問句倒裝、時態與情態助動詞搭配、固定句型,以及台灣與香港學生最常犯的三大誤區。文末附有三套共三十題的分級練習,幫助你在最短時間內真正內化這個句型,而不只是「記住公式」。

There is there are 用法全攻略
There is there are 用法全攻略
  1. I. There is there are 用法定義與核心觀念:There is / There are 意思是什麼?
  2. II. 基礎 There is There are 用法與句型結構(肯定、否定、縮寫)
    1. 1. 肯定句結構與 There is 用法(單數與不可數名詞)
    2. 2. 肯定句結構與 There are 用法(複數名詞)
    3. 3. There is / There are 縮寫形式(Contractions)
    4. 4. 否定句結構(Negative Form)
  3. III. 疑問句的 There be 用法結構
    1. 1. Yes/No 倒裝疑問句與簡答(Is there / Are there...?)
    2. 2. Wh- 疑問詞搭配 There is / There are 用法
  4. IV. 特殊與進階的 There is There are 用法
    1. 1. 鄰近原則(Rule of Proximity):列舉時該用 is 還是 are?
    2. 2. There is 用法 + 不定代名詞(someone, anything, nothing)
    3. 3. There is / There are + a number of / a variety of 的判定
    4. 4. There be + 名詞 + 關係子句 / to-V(不定詞)
    5. 5. 固定句型:There is no point in + V-ing
  5. V. 常見時態變化與情態助動詞中的 There be 用法
    1. 1. 過去式與未來式的 There is there are 用法變化
    2. 2. 現在完成式結構(There has / have been)
    3. 3. 情態助動詞搭配(There must be / There might be)
  6. VI. 台灣/香港學生常犯的 3 個 There is / There are 用法誤區
    1. 1. 誤區一:用 Have / Has 替代 There is / There are
    2. 2. 誤區二:複數名詞後直接加動詞,遺漏關係代名詞
    3. 3. 誤區三:混淆 It is(天氣/時間)與 There is(存在)
  7. VII. There is There are 用法實戰練習題(附解答)
    1. 1. 題型一:基礎單複數與不可數名詞選擇題
    2. 2. 題型二:鄰近原則與特殊句型填空題
    3. 3. 題型三:中翻英邏輯轉換與時態練習
  8. VIII. There is There are 用法常見問題(FAQ)
    1. 1.「There is a number of」和「There are a number of」哪個對?
    2. 2. There is / There are 後面可以接代名詞嗎?
    3. 3. IELTS Writing 中使用 There is / There are 會加分嗎?
  9. 結論

I. There is there are 用法定義與核心觀念:There is / There are 意思是什麼?

There be 句型表示「某處存在某人或某物」,不是「擁有」。句首的 there 是語法佔位詞,真正的主詞是 Be 動詞後方的名詞——這個名詞決定了 is 還是 are,決定了所有時態選擇,也決定了所有相關規則的邏輯。 

學習 There is there are 用法之前,必須先釐清一個核心概念:There be 句型不等於「擁有」,而是表示「存在」。

概念

結構

意思

例句

存在(Existence)

There is/There are

某處「有」某人或某物

There is a night market on Linjiang Street in Taipei.(台北臨江街有一個夜市。)

擁有(Possession)

Have/Has

某人「擁有」某物

Xiaowang has a favourite stall at that night market.(小王在那個夜市有一個最愛的攤位。)

There be 句型的核心邏輯在於:句首的 there 只是一個佔位詞(Expletive there),真正的語法主詞是 Be 動詞後方的名詞。正因如此,動詞的單複數取決於 Be 動詞後方的名詞,而非 there 本身。這一點,是整個句型所有變化規則的根本依據。

There is there are 用法定義與核心觀念
There is there are 用法定義與核心觀念

II. 基礎 There is There are 用法與句型結構(肯定、否定、縮寫)

There is there are 用法的基礎結構有四層:單數肯定句(There is)、複數肯定句(There are)、縮寫形式,以及否定句(not any / no)。四層各有規則,依序掌握,不要跳層。 

掌握定義之後,你需要建立清晰的句型骨架。There is there are 用法的基礎層次,可以拆解為四個核心結構:肯定句(單數)、肯定句(複數)、縮寫形式,以及否定句。每一層都是下一層的基礎,建議依序掌握。

1. 肯定句結構與 There is 用法(單數與不可數名詞)

公式:

There is + 冠詞(a/an/the)或量詞 + 單數名詞/不可數名詞 + 地點/時間

There is there are 用法適用於兩類名詞:其一是單數可數名詞,需搭配冠詞英文 a、an 或 the;其二是水、錢、資訊、牛奶等不可數名詞。不可數名詞沒有複數形式,因此永遠搭配 is,不論數量多寡。

  • There is a folded map of Kowloon on Xiaomei's desk before her morning meeting.(小美早會前,桌上有一張折好的九龍地圖。)

  • There is some fresh soy milk in the thermos that Xiaowang brought from the market.(小王從市場帶回來的保溫瓶裡有一些新鮮豆漿。)

  • There is not much time left before the IELTS exam next Saturday.(距離下週六的 IELTS 考試,剩餘時間不多了。)

記住:名詞的「量」不影響 is 的選擇,影響的是名詞的「性質」——只要是單數可數或不可數,就用 is。

2. 肯定句結構與 There are 用法(複數名詞)

公式:

There are + 複數名詞(加 s/es)+ 地點/時間

There is there are 用法對應複數可數名詞,名詞需要加上正確的複數字尾。搭配 some、many、several、a few、twenty 等量詞英文時,後接複數名詞,動詞固定用 are,不隨量詞變化。

  • There are thirty students preparing for the DSE English exam in this study hall in Hong Kong.(香港這間自修室裡有三十名學生正在備考 DSE 英文科。)

  • There are several traditional tea houses along Dihua Street in Taipei that Xiaowang recommends.(小王推薦迪化街沿途有幾間傳統茶館值得一訪。)

  • There are many opportunities waiting for graduates who are willing to work in Kaohsiung.(對於願意到高雄工作的應屆畢業生而言,有許多機會正在等待他們。)

名詞加複數字尾的規則:一般名詞加 s(books、students);以 s、sh、ch、x、o 結尾的名詞加 es(watches、boxes);以「子音 + y」結尾的名詞,將 y 改為 i 再加 es(cities、countries)。

看更多:動詞加 s es ies 規則:三單現變化與名詞複數指南

基礎 There is There are 用法與句型結構
基礎 There is There are 用法與句型結構

3. There is / There are 縮寫形式(Contractions)

完整形式

縮寫

發音提示

適用場合

There is not

There isn'tThere's not

/ðɛrz nɒt/

口語、非正式書面語

There is

There's

/ðɛrz/

口語、非正式書面語

There are

There're

/ðɛrər/(幾乎不發音)

僅限口語

There are not

There aren'tThere are no

口語、非正式書面語

There's 在日常對話中極為普遍,幾乎所有英語母語人士都習慣使用。There're 的發音中,-re 幾乎被吞掉,在快速語流裡難以辨識,因此在實際口語中使用頻率遠低於 There's。

關於否定縮寫,There isn't 與 There's not 意思完全相同,兩者在口語中同樣常見;而 There's no(後接名詞)語氣略強,帶有更明確的否定意味,例如 There's no problem.(沒問題。)

重要提示: 學術寫作、正式報告與考試(IELTS、TOEIC、DSE)的書面作答中,建議使用完整形式 There is/There are,避免縮寫,以符合正式語域的規範。

4. 否定句結構(Negative Form)

公式的 There is there are 用法:

There is/are + not + any + 名詞

There is/are + no + 名詞

否定句有兩種等效寫法,意思完全相同,可以互換使用:

  • There is not any milk left in the fridge after Xiaowang's younger sister visited.(小王的妹妹來訪之後,冰箱裡一滴牛奶也不剩了。) = There is no milk left in the fridge.(冰箱裡沒有牛奶。)

  • There are not any available seats on the last train from Taipei to Kaohsiung tonight.(今晚從台北開往高雄的末班車沒有任何空位。) = There are no available seats.(沒有空位。)

  • There isn't a single convenience store open near the hiking trail on Yangmingshan at this hour.(陽明山的登山步道附近,這個時間沒有任何一間便利商店開著。)

重點提示: not any 與 no 語意等同,但 no 語氣更為直接、強烈,且句型更簡潔。在正式寫作中,no 結構更受青睞;口語中則兩者皆可自然使用。特別注意:There is no 後方接名詞,不加 a/an,例如 There is no reason.(沒有理由。)

III. 疑問句的 There be 用法結構

There be 疑問句分兩種:Be 動詞前移形成 Yes/No 倒裝疑問句(Is/Are there...?);搭配疑問詞形成 Wh- 問句(How many/much/What/Where...?)。兩種結構在 IELTS 口試 Part 1/2 的描述性回答中出現頻率極高。 

當你能描述「存在」,下一步就是「發問存在與否」。There is there are 用法中的疑問句,分為兩種:以 Be 動詞開頭的 Yes/No 倒裝疑問句,以及搭配疑問詞的 Wh- 問句。兩者各有固定句型,掌握後可直接應用於口試與日常溝通。

1. Yes/No 倒裝疑問句與簡答(Is there / Are there...?)

公式:

Is/Are + there + 冠詞 + 名詞 + 地點?

倒裝邏輯直接:把 Be 動詞移到 there 前面,句子即成疑問句。

  • Is there a pharmacy open near the Zhongxiao Dunhua MRT station right now?(現在忠孝敦化捷運站附近有開著的藥局嗎?) — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.

  • Are there any non-smoking rooms available at the guesthouse in Jiufen?(九份的民宿還有非吸菸房嗎?) — Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

  • Was there a typhoon warning issued for Hong Kong last weekend?(上週末有為香港發出颱風警告嗎?) — Yes, there was. / No, there wasn't.

注意: 簡答只需 Yes/No + there + is/are(或縮寫),切勿重複主名詞,例如 Yes, there is a room 在語法上正確,但在口語中過於冗贅,直接說 Yes, there is. 即可。

2. Wh- 疑問詞搭配 There is / There are 用法

搭配疑問詞的問句是許多基礎教材會略過的進階句法,但在 IELTS 口試 Part 1 和 Part 2 的描述性回答中出現頻率極高。以下是四個最常用的公式:

公式

用法說明

例句

How many + 複數名詞 + are there + 地點?

詢問「可數名詞的數量」

  • How many floors are there in the new commercial building near Xinyi District in Taipei?(台北信義區那棟新商辦大樓有幾層樓?)

  • How many students are there in the Cantonese language class at the community centre in Tsim Sha Tsui?(尖沙咀社區中心的廣東話班有多少學生?)

How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點?

詢問「不可數名詞的量」

  • How much time is there before Xiaowang's presentation starts?(距離小王的簡報開始,還有多少時間?)

  • How much water is there in the bottle on the table?(桌上的瓶子裡還有多少水?)

What is there + 地點?

詢問某地「有什麼事物」

  • What is there to see in the old streets of Tainan during the Lantern Festival?(元宵節期間,台南老街有什麼值得一看的?)

  • What is there to do near the Taipei 101 area at night?(台北101附近晚上有什麼可以做的?)

Where is there + 名詞?

詢問「哪裡有某物/某地點」

  • Where is there a good rooftop café with a view of Victoria Harbour?(哪裡有可以欣賞維多利亞港景色的露台咖啡廳?)

  • Where is there a convenience store open 24 hours near this station?(這個車站附近哪裡有24小時營業的便利商店?)

疑問句的 There be 用法結構
疑問句的 There be 用法結構

IV. 特殊與進階的 There is There are 用法

六個進階語法點直接對應 IELTS 與 TOEIC 的常見考點:鄰近原則、不定代名詞搭配、a number of vs. the number of、關係子句修飾、固定句型 no point in,以及到進階寫作的句型延伸。每一個都是台灣與香港考生的高頻失分位置。 

這是整篇文章含金量最高的部分。以下六個語法點,直接對應台灣與香港英語考試大綱的重難點,也是 IELTS 與 TOEIC 寫作常見的扣分地帶。掌握這些進階的 There is there are 用法,你的書面表達將從「正確」躍升至「精確」。

1. 鄰近原則(Rule of Proximity):列舉時該用 is 還是 are?

當句子同時列舉多個名詞時,動詞的單複數由最靠近 Be 動詞的名詞決定,這就是鄰近原則(Rule of Proximity)。

對比以下兩句,意思完全相同,但語序不同,動詞也跟著不同:

✅ There IS a pen and two notebooks on Xiaomei's desk at the Hong Kong office.(動詞最近的名詞是單數 a pen,所以用 is。)

✅ There ARE two notebooks and a pen on Xiaomei's desk at the Hong Kong office.(動詞最近的名詞是複數 two notebooks,所以用 are。)

這個原則在 There is there are 用法的考題中反覆出現。實際上,在非正式語境中,使用完整複數形式(There are a pen and two notebooks...)在語法上更為嚴謹,因為整體概念是複數的。但鄰近原則在口語中被廣泛接受,並且是考試選擇題的主要考點。

TOEIC Part 5 視角:鄰近原則在 TOEIC Part 5 的出題策略中被刻意利用——出題者會把「單數名詞」放在 There is/are 正後方,而把「複數名詞」放在句子後段,讓考生誤以為要用 are。例如:「There ___ a large number of complaints from customers this week.」(A) is (B) are — 正確答案是 (A) is,因為最靠近動詞的是 a large number,而非 complaints。但如果改成「There ___ a number of complaints...」,答案就變成 (B) are,因為 a number of = many(複數概念)。兩個幾乎相同的句子,動詞卻不同——這就是 TOEIC 命題者藏在鄰近原則裡的邏輯陷阱。 

2. There is 用法 + 不定代名詞(someone, anything, nothing)

遇到 someone、anyone、anything、nothing、nobody、everything、no one 等不定代名詞,一律搭配 There is,從不使用 There are。

  • There is someone at the reception desk asking for Xiaowang by name.(接待處有人點名找小王。)

  • There is nothing wrong with the contract Xiaomei reviewed this morning.(小美今早審查的合約沒有任何問題。)

  • Is there anything I can help you with before the closing ceremony in Kaohsiung?(高雄閉幕式開始前,有任何我能幫你的嗎?)

  • There is no one available to cover the shift tonight at the store in Mong Kok.(旺角分店今晚沒有任何人能代班。)

原因在於:這些不定代名詞在語法上屬於單數概念,因此只能搭配單數動詞 is。

3. There is / There are + a number of / a variety of 的判定

在 There is there are 用法中,這是考試最常見的陷阱之一,許多學習者把 a number of 視為單數,實際上恰好相反。請用以下對比表格記憶:

片語

動詞

邏輯

例句

a number of + 複數名詞

are(複數)

相當於 many,強調「許多個」

There are a number of unresolved issues from last week's meeting in Taipei.(台北上週的會議留下了許多未解決的問題。)

the number of + 複數名詞

is(單數)

「……的數量」本身是單數概念

The number of applicants is higher than expected this year.(今年的申請人數高於預期。)

a variety of + 複數名詞

are(複數)

相當於 many kinds of

There are a variety of dim sum options available at the restaurant in Central, Hong Kong.(香港中環那間餐廳提供各式各樣的點心選擇。)

a large amount of + 不可數名詞

is(單數)

amount 為單數量詞

There is a large amount of paperwork to complete before the Lunar New Year break.(農曆新年假期前有大量文書工作需要完成。)

關鍵記憶點:a number of = many,後接複數名詞,動詞用複數;the number of 是「數量本身」,為單數概念,動詞用單數。

4. There be + 名詞 + 關係子句 / to-V(不定詞)

There is there are 用法可以延伸成更複雜的句型,是進階寫作中提升句子資訊密度的有效技巧,也是 IELTS 寫作任務二中拉開語言差距的關鍵結構。

公式一:There is/are + 名詞 + 關係子句(who / that / which)

公式二:There is/are + 名詞 + to-V(不定詞)

  • There is a classmate of Xiaowang's who scored Band 8 on the IELTS after three months of intensive preparation.(小王有一位同學在三個月的密集備考後,IELTS 拿到了 8 分。)

  • There are several points in the proposal that need to be revised before submission to the Hong Kong office.(這份提案中有幾個重點需要在提交香港辦公室前進行修改。)

  • There are many traditional festivals to explore in Tainan if you visit in the first quarter of the lunar calendar.(農曆一月份前往台南的話,有許多傳統節慶值得探索。)

  • There is a lot to consider before Xiaomei decides to accept the transfer to the Kaohsiung branch.(小美在決定是否接受調職到高雄分部之前,有許多事情需要考量。)

5. 固定句型:There is no point in + V-ing

公式:

There is no point in + V-ing = It is pointless to + V(做……毫無意義)

  • There is no point in rewriting the entire report tonight if the client has already extended the deadline.(如果客戶已經延長截止日期,今晚把整份報告重寫一遍毫無意義。)= It is pointless to rewrite the entire report tonight.(今晚重寫整份報告是沒有用的。)

  • There is no point in memorising every single vocabulary word without understanding how to use it in context.(在不理解脈絡用法的情況下,把每一個單字都死背下來是沒有用的。)

V. 常見時態變化與情態助動詞中的 There be 用法

There be 句型可以橫跨所有時態與情態助動詞。規則只有一條:把 be 動詞換成對應時態的形式即可。表格是最高效的複習工具——掃一眼,結構全在。

There is there are 用法並不侷限於現在式。以下綜合時態表格是最高效的複習工具。

時態/結構

單數

複數

例句(搭配場景)

現在式

There is

There are

There is a jazz performance at the venue tonight.(今晚場地有爵士樂表演。)

過去式

There was

There were

There were hundreds of lanterns floating above the Shifen Waterfall last Lantern Festival.(上個元宵節,十分瀑布上方有數百盞天燈冉冉升起。)

未來式(will)

There will be

There will be

There will be an announcement regarding the new train line through Hsinchu next month.(下個月將有一項關於通過新竹的新鐵路線的公告。)

未來式(be going to)

There is going to be

There are going to be

There are going to be significant changes to the curriculum next semester.(下學期課程將有重大調整。)

現在完成式

There has been

There have been

There have been three typhoon warnings issued for Hong Kong this summer alone.(僅今年夏天,香港已發出三次颱風警告。)

情態助動詞

There must/might/could be

There must/might/could be

There must be a more efficient route from Taoyuan Airport to the city centre.(從桃園機場到市區,一定有更有效率的路線。)

1. 過去式與未來式的 There is there are 用法變化

過去式:There was(單數)/ There were(複數)

過去式表示某個人或某物「曾經存在」於某時某地,但現在可能已不復存在。

  • There was an old cinema on this street in Kowloon before it was demolished in 2018.(這條九龍街道在 2018 年拆除之前,有一間老電影院。)

  • There were over five hundred participants at the English speech contest held in Taipei last autumn.(去年秋天在台北舉行的英語演講比賽,有超過五百名參賽者出席。)

未來式:There will be / There is/are going to be

英國文化協會指出,will 與 be going to 在大多數未來式情境中可以互換使用,但 be going to 更常用於已有跡象的預測,will 則較常用於臨時決定或正式宣告。

  • There will be a public holiday in Hong Kong to commemorate the occasion next Friday.(下週五香港將有一個公眾假期以紀念此事。)

  • There are going to be long queues at the immigration counter during the Golden Week holiday.(黃金週假期期間,入境處的排隊人龍將會很長。)

2. 現在完成式結構(There has / have been)

現在完成式強調「從過去某個時間點延續到現在」的狀態或累積影響,常搭配 recently、lately、since、over the past few years 等時間副詞

  • There has been a noticeable improvement in Xiaomei's spoken English since she started attending conversation classes at the community centre.(自從小美開始在社區中心上口說練習課以來,她的英語口語有了明顯的進步。)

  • There have been many changes to the exam format of the DSE English paper over the past decade.(過去十年,DSE 英文科的考試形式已有許多調整。)

  • There has been a significant increase in the number of visitors to the night markets in Tainan recently.(最近,前往台南夜市的遊客人數有了顯著的增加。)

判斷標準 There is there are 用法:單數或不可數名詞用 has been,複數名詞用 have been

3. 情態助動詞搭配(There must be / There might be)

公式:

There + 情態助動詞 + be + 名詞

情態助動詞讓 There be 句型增加推測、可能或應然的語氣,在 IELTS 口試與學術寫作中都是高分語言特徵:

  • There must be a misunderstanding between the two teams about the project deadline.(兩個團隊之間對於專案截止日期一定有所誤解。)——幾乎確定

  • There might be a cheaper option if you book the train ticket to Kaohsiung two weeks in advance.(如果提前兩週購買到高雄的火車票,可能有更便宜的選擇。)——有可能

  • There could be unforeseen complications with the visa application, so apply early.(簽證申請可能出現無法預料的問題,所以請儘早申請。)——有可能(較 might 更謹慎)

VI. 台灣/香港學生常犯的 3 個 There is / There are 用法誤區

三個誤區的共同根源都是中文母語的語言習慣轉移:「有」在中文中只有一個字,但在英文中由三個截然不同的結構表達。澄清這三個分歧點,是避免在 IELTS 和 TOEIC 中系統性失分的關鍵。

在台灣和香港的英語課堂上,以下三個錯誤幾乎每一位以中文為母語的學習者都曾經犯過。對照清單,逐一核查自己的盲點,是鞏固 There is there are 用法最直接的方法。

1. 誤區一:用 Have / Has 替代 There is / There are

❌ 錯誤

✅ 正確

說明

There has a book on the table.

There is a book on the table.(桌上有一本書。)

there be 句型不能使用 have/has

Have a lot of people in the park.

There are a lot of people in the park.(公園裡有很多人。)

存在句必須用 There be

We are five in the group.

There are five of us in the group.(我們這個組有五個人。)

英語中很少用 We are + 數字表示人數

英國文化協會的教學資料也特別提到,"We are five in the group" 這種說法在英語中幾乎不使用,正確且自然的表達是 "There are five of us in the group."

負遷移分析:「There has a book on the table.」這個錯誤,是中文「那裡有一本書」的直接語序套用——中文的「有」可以用「has」,但英語的 there be 結構完全不能用 have/has。這個錯誤的根源不是記錯規則,而是沒有建立「there be ≠ have」的獨立語法意識。最快的修正方式是在腦中把中文「有」拆分成兩個英文問題:「誰擁有?」→ have/has;「哪裡有?」→ there be。兩個問題,兩個結構,永不混用。 

2. 誤區二:複數名詞後直接加動詞,遺漏關係代名詞

❌ 錯誤

✅ 正確

說明

There are many students want to study in the UK.

There are many students who want to study in the UK.(有許多學生想到英國留學。)

名詞後接動詞須先加 who/that

There are lots of things need to be fixed.

There are lots of things that need to be fixed.(有許多事情需要修正。)

關係代名詞不可省略

There is a form fill in before the exam.

There is a form to fill in before the exam.(考試前有一份表格需要填寫。)

不定詞 to-V 是正確的修飾結構

3. 誤區三:混淆 It is(天氣/時間)與 There is(存在)

情境

正確用法

例句

天氣描述

It is

It is raining heavily over Keelung tonight.(今晚基隆下著大雨。)

時間表達

It is

It is already past midnight in Hong Kong.(香港現在已經過了午夜。)

距離描述

It is

It is about 350 kilometres from Taipei to Kaohsiung by high-speed rail.(從台北搭高鐵到高雄約 350 公里。)

某處存在某人/某物

There is

There is someone waiting for you outside the Taoyuan HSR station.(有人在桃園高鐵站外面等你。)

It is 指代天氣、時間、距離等無形背景概念,主詞 it 代表一個不需點明的情境;There is 則引出一個尚未提及的存在實體。兩者功能截然不同,切勿混用。

理論全部解析完畢。你已掌握 There is there are 用法的八大核心層次:基礎句型、縮寫、否定、疑問句、鄰近原則、不定代名詞、時態範圍,以及三大常見誤區。接下來的三套 30 題練習分別針對基礎單複數選擇、鄰近原則與特殊句型填空,以及中翻英與改錯。建議先不看解答獨立作答,找出真正的盲點。 

VII. There is There are 用法實戰練習題(附解答)

1. 題型一:基礎單複數與不可數名詞選擇題

請選出正確答案(A 或 B):

  1. ______ a long queue outside the ramen restaurant in Xinyi District on Saturday night. A. There is  B. There are

  2. ______ three MRT lines that pass through the central area of Taipei. A. There is  B. There are

  3. ______ some heavy traffic on the highway heading south during Golden Week. A. There is  B. There are

  4. ______ many heritage buildings still standing in the old districts of Kowloon. A. There is  B. There are

  5. ______ an urgent message from the Hong Kong branch for Xiaomei this morning. A. There is  B. There are

  6. ______ two cats and a golden retriever living in Xiaowang's apartment in Taichung. A. There is  B. There are

  7. ______ a great deal of historical information available about the early settlements in Tainan. A. There is  B. There are

  8. ______ several unread notifications on Xiaomei's work phone since the meeting ended. A. There is  B. There are

  9. ______ a lot of humidity in the air during the plum rain season in northern Taiwan. A. There is  B. There are

  10. ______ twelve public holidays in Taiwan each calendar year. A. There is  B. There are

解答: 1-A 2-B 3-A 4-B 5-A 6-B(鄰近原則:最近的名詞為 two cats) 7-A(a great deal of + 不可數名詞) 8-B 9-A(humidity 為不可數名詞) 10-B

2. 題型二:鄰近原則與特殊句型填空題

請填入 is 或 are:

  1. There ______ a number of cultural festivals held in Kaohsiung throughout the year.

  2. There ______ nothing unusual about the itinerary Xiaomei prepared for the Kyoto trip.

  3. There ______ a variety of local snacks available at the night market near Raohe Street in Taipei.

  4. There ______ a notebook and three reference books on the desk in the study room.

  5. There ______ someone from the Tainan branch who needs to speak with the manager today.

  6. There ______ two conference rooms and one lounge area on the fourteenth floor of the building.

  7. There ______ anything I should know before attending the ceremony in Hong Kong?

  8. The number of international students applying to universities in Taiwan ______ increasing year by year.

  9. There ______ no point in submitting the application after the deadline has passed.

  10. There ______ nobody currently authorised to approve the budget revision before Monday.

解答: 1-are 2-is(nothing 為不定代名詞,單數) 3-are 4-is(鄰近原則:最近的名詞為 a notebook) 5-is(someone 為不定代名詞,單數) 6-are(鄰近原則:最近的名詞為 two conference rooms) 7-Is(疑問句倒裝,anything 為單數) 8-is(the number of 為單數概念) 9-is(固定句型) 10-is(nobody 為單數不定代名詞)

3. 題型三:中翻英邏輯轉換與時態練習

請將以下中文句子翻譯成正確英文,或找出錯誤並改正:

  1. 昨天晚上台北東區有一場大型露天演唱會。

  2. 未來幾年內,高雄港附近將有幾個大型建設項目開工。

  3. ❌ 改錯:There has a scheduling conflict between the two meetings next Tuesday.

  4. 現在九龍尖沙咀的碼頭旁邊有船嗎?(請用 Is there...?)

  5. 近年來,香港專業英語考試的報考人數有所增加。(請用現在完成式)

  6. ❌ 改錯:There are many graduates want to work in the technology sector after finishing university.

  7. 小王書架上連一本關於英文語法的參考書都沒有。(請用 no)

  8. ❌ 改錯:There have an online registration form that you need to complete before the deadline.

  9. 台南那間老茶館附近的巷子裡,一定有停車位。(使用情態助動詞)

  10. ❌ 改錯:It is a serious problem with the heating system in the Hong Kong office.(情境:辦公室的暖氣系統存在嚴重問題)

解答區塊

  1. ✅ There was a large outdoor concert in the eastern district of Taipei last night. 解析:過去式單數,用 was。a large outdoor concert 是單數名詞。

  2. ✅ There are going to be several large construction projects starting near Kaohsiung Harbour in the coming years. 解析:未來式複數,be going to 用於有跡象的預測。

  3. ✅ 改正:There is a scheduling conflict between the two meetings next Tuesday. 解析:have/has 不能表示存在,必須使用 There is。a scheduling conflict 是單數。

  4. Is there a ferry near the pier in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, right now? 解析:單數倒裝疑問句,Is there + 單數名詞。

  5. ✅ There have been increases in the number of people taking professional English exams in Hong Kong in recent years. 解析:現在完成式複數,搭配 in recent years。

  6. ✅ 改正:There are many graduates who want to work in the technology sector after finishing university.(有許多畢業生希望在完成大學學業後進入科技業工作。) 解析:名詞後接動詞,必須加關係代名詞 who。

  7. ✅ There is no reference book about English grammar on Xiaowang's bookshelf.(小王的書架上沒有任何一本關於英文語法的參考書。) 解析:不可數或單數否定,用 There is no + 名詞。

  8. ✅ 改正:There is an online registration form that you need to complete before the deadline.(截止日期前,你需要填寫一份線上報名表。) 解析:複數 have 不能表示存在。an online form 是單數,用 There is。

  9. ✅ There must be a parking space somewhere in the alley near that old teahouse in Tainan.(台南那間老茶館附近的巷子裡,一定有停車位。) 解析:情態助動詞 must + be,表強烈推測。

  10. ✅ 改正:There is a serious problem with the heating system in the Hong Kong office.(香港辦公室的暖氣系統有一個嚴重問題。) 解析:It is 用於天氣、時間、距離等情境;此處表示「辦公室暖氣系統中存在問題」,必須用 There is。

VIII. There is There are 用法常見問題(FAQ)

1.「There is a number of」和「There are a number of」哪個對?

正確用法是 There are a number of,因為 a number of 等同於 many,整個片語後面接複數名詞,動詞用複數:There are a number of problems to solve.(有許多問題需要解決。)但「the number of」則相反——the number of 本身是單數概念(「數量」這件事),動詞用單數:The number of problems is increasing.(問題的數量正在增加。)這兩個片語是 IELTS Writing 與 TOEIC 最常見的陷阱之一,建議直接用例句記憶而非只記規則。

2. There is / There are 後面可以接代名詞嗎?

不行,There be 後面必須接名詞或名詞片語,不能直接接人稱代名詞(he、she、it、they)。如果要說「他在那裡」,正確說法是 He is there.(不是 There is he.)。There be 後面可以接不定代名詞(someone、anyone、nothing 等),但這些不定代名詞在語法上屬於名詞,與人稱代名詞不同。一個常見的混淆場景:「外面有人嗎?」正確問法是 Is there someone outside? 或 Is anyone outside?,而非 Is there he outside?

3. IELTS Writing 中使用 There is / There are 會加分嗎?

There be 句型本身是基礎語法,不會讓分數直接提升——但「正確使用進階的 There be 結構」可以。評分官在 Grammatical Range and Accuracy(語法範疇與準確度)維度上,加分的是多樣化的句型結構,而非重複使用基礎句型。如果你能在 Task 1 描述圖表時寫出 There have been significant fluctuations in the data over the past decade,或在 Task 2 中寫出 There are a number of factors that need to be considered,這比反覆用簡單的 There is / There are 更能展示 B2 以上的語法能力。關鍵不在用還是不用,而在是否在合適的地方用了更複雜的 There be 結構。

結論

There is there are 用法的本質,是英語描述「世界中存在什麼」的最基本句型框架——從告訴朋友「捷運站附近有間咖啡廳」,到學術寫作中「過去十年存在顯著的政策轉變」,都是同一個邏輯的不同層次。掌握「there 只是佔位詞,真正的主詞在後面」這個核心認知,八大語法點自然串連。

本文解析了 There is there are 用法的完整體系:基礎句型(肯定、否定、縮寫)、疑問句結構(Yes/No 與 Wh-)、六個進階語法點(鄰近原則、不定代名詞、a number of、關係子句修飾、固定句型)、全時態範圍,以及三大常見誤區。三套題型 30 題涵蓋從基礎選擇到中翻英改錯的完整練習。

接下來的練習方向很具體:用 There be 句型寫一段描述你目前生活環境的短文,五到八句話,刻意加入至少一個鄰近原則句、一個現在完成式句,以及一個情態助動詞句。把語法練習與真實生活情境結合,是讓 There is there are 用法從「記住公式」進入「說話時自動選用」的最短路徑。PREPEDU 提供分主題、分難度的 IELTS 與 TOEIC 語法練習題,讓你在真實考題情境中持續強化 There be 句型的應用能力。

黃秋賢
英語內容專家

你好!我叫黃秋賢,現在在 prepedu.com 擔任內容企劃。我有超過5年的英語與韓語自學經歷,親身備考 IELTS、TOEIC 與 TOPIK,累積了大量第一手的學習者視角——包括哪些語法規則最讓台灣與香港學習者混淆,以及如何在有限的備考時間內最有效地修正這些錯誤。目前已在 prepedu.com 撰寫超過 1000 篇英語學習文章,內容涵蓋語法、詞彙與考試策略,累積協助數千位學習者解決自學過程中的語法疑問。

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