Đề bài và đáp án chi tiết Reading Test 2 passage 1 Cambridge IELTS 14 Alexander Henderson

Bài đọc Cambridge IELTS 14 – Test 2 – Passage 1 mang tên Alexander Henderson (1831–1913) giới thiệu về cuộc đời và sự nghiệp của Alexander Henderson – một nhiếp ảnh gia người Scotland nổi tiếng ở thế kỷ 19. Đây là bài đọc IELTS Reading – Academic Passage, thường tập trung kiểm tra khả năng đọc hiểu chi tiết, xác định ý chính, cũng như nắm bắt thông tin đúng/sai/không có trong văn bản.

Bài viết dưới đây sẽ tổng hợp đề bài, đáp án chi tiết và giải thích để bạn dễ dàng ôn tập, đồng thời rút ra từ vựng hay giúp cải thiện vốn từ cho kỹ năng Reading.

I. Đề bài Cambridge IELTS 14 Reading Test 2 passage 1 Alexander Henderson

Alexander Henderson (1831–1913)

Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer

Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.

Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish–Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association’s first meeting, which was held in Notman’s studio on 11 January 1860.

In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman’s landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson’s early work.

In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.

Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and H T Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.

In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lièvre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.

In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.

When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.

Questions 1-8

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger. ........................

2. Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted. ........................

3. Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865 experiment. ........................

4. There were many similarities between Henderson's early landscapes and those of Notman. ........................

5. The studio that Henderson opened in 1866 was close to his home. ........................

6. Henderson gave up portraiture so that he could focus on taking photographs of scenery. ........................

7. When Henderson began work for the Intercolonial Railway, the Montreal to Halifax line had been finished. ........................

8. Henderson's last work as a photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway. ........................

Questions 9-13

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.

Alexander Henderson

Early life

• was born in Scotland in 1831 - father was a 9 ______________________

• trained as an accountant, emigrated to Canada in 1855

Start of a photographic career

• opened up a photographic studio in 1866

• took photos of city life, but preferred landscape photography

• people bought Henderson's photos because photography took up considerable time and the 10 ______________________ was heavy

• the photographs Henderson sold were 11 ______________________ or souvenirs

Travelling as a professional photographer

• travelled widely in Quebec and Ontario in 1870s and 1880s

• took many trips along eastern rivers in a 12 ______________________

• worked for Canadian railways between 1875 and 1897

• worked for CPR in 1885 and photographed the 13 ______________________ and the railway at Rogers Pass

II. Đáp án

Đáp án alexander henderson IELTS reading Passage 1, Questions 1-13

1. FALSE

2. TRUE

3. NOT GIVEN

4. FALSE

5. NOT GIVEN

6. TRUE

7. FALSE

8. TRUE

9. merchant

10. equipment

11. gifts

12. canoe

13. mountains

III. Giải thích đáp án chi tiết

Dưới đây là phần giải thích đáp án chi tiết alexander henderson reading answers:

Questions 1–8 (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

Câu số	Đáp án	Câu hỏi + Giải thích
1	FALSE	Q1. Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger. “Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.”  → Ông dành phần lớn tuổi thơ tại đó, vì vậy nói là “rarely visited” là không đúng.
2	TRUE	Q2. Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted. “Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family.”  → Rõ ràng ông theo đuổi con đường kinh doanh để làm vui lòng gia đình, dù không thích.
3	NOT GIVEN	Q3. Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865 experiment. Bài chỉ nhắc: “they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares … in 1865”, nhưng không đề cập gì đến cảm xúc hay sự ngạc nhiên của họ.
4	FALSE	Q4. There were many similarities between Henderson's early landscapes and those of Notman. “In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different.” → Nói có nhiều điểm tương đồng là không đúng.
5	NOT GIVEN	Q5. The studio that Henderson opened in 1866 was close to his home. Bài viết chỉ nói ông “gave up his business to open a photographic studio”, nhưng không hề đề cập địa điểm studio có gần nhà hay không.
6	TRUE	Q6. Henderson gave up portraiture so that he could focus on taking photographs of scenery. “From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography.” → Ông chuyển hướng sang nhiếp ảnh phong cảnh, bỏ chụp chân dung.
7	FALSE	Q7. When Henderson began work for the Intercolonial Railway, the Montreal to Halifax line had been finished. “… to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line.” → Tuyến đường vẫn chưa hoàn thành, nên nói “had been finished” là sai.
8	TRUE	Q8. Henderson's last work as a photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway. “He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.” → Công việc cuối cùng của ông là với Canadian Pacific Railway trước khi nghỉ hưu.

Questions 9–13 (Complete the notes)

Câu số	Đáp án	Câu hỏi + Giải thích
Q9	merchant	Q9. Father was a … → merchant Bài: “… was the son of a successful merchant.” → Đáp án là merchant vì cha ông là một thương nhân thành đạt.
Q10	equipment	Q10. The … was heavy → equipment Bài: “because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment.” → Câu đề cập đến thiết bị nặng, nên đáp án là equipment.
Q11	gifts	Q11. The photographs … were … or souvenirs → gifts Bài: “People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts.” → Ảnh chụp được mua làm quà tặng (gifts) hoặc lưu niệm.
Q12	canoe	Q12. Took many trips along eastern rivers in a … → canoe Bài: “He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lièvre...” → Ông thường di chuyển bằng canoe dọc các con sông phía đông.
Q13	mountains	Q13. Photographed the … and the railway at Rogers Pass → mountains Bài: “…as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.” → Ông chụp ảnh những ngọn núi và quá trình xây dựng đường sắt.

Xem thêm: Đề bài và đáp án Cambridge IELTS 14 Test 2 listening section 2 Visit to Branley Castle

IV. Từ vựng hay trong bài đọc chủ đề Alexander Henderson cần ghi nhớ

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