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What are Few and A Few - Little and A Little? Detailed Distinction Between the Two Pairs of Words

"Few" and "a few," "little" and "a little" are quantifiers in English. How do we differentiate between "few" and "a few," as well as "little" and "a little"? Let's refer to the article below with PREP to accurately understand the meanings, usage, and differences between "few" and "a few," "little" and "a little"!

I. What are Few and A Few?
II. What are Little and A Little?
III. Distinguishing Between Few, A Few, Little, and A Little in English
IV. Some Special Cases When Using "Few," "A Few," "Little," and "A Little"
V. Should You Use "Few," "A Few," "Little," and "A Little" in the IELTS Exam?
VI. Exercises on "Few," "A Few," "Little," and "A Little"

I. What are Few and A Few?

What is "few"? What is "a few"? "Few" and "a few" are two English quantifiers used to clarify and highlight meaning in terms of quantity. To be specific:

	Usage	Structure	Example
Few	Very little, almost none, not enough, or not as much as expected (often carries a negative or pessimistic connotation).	Few + plural countable noun	I have few friends in my new school. There are few bananas left in the fridge.
A few	A small number, but enough to do something.	A few + plural countable noun	I need a few hours to finish this duty. Let's take a few pictures of this river.

Phrase	Meaning	Example
Quite a few	A significant amount, quite a lot.	There are quite a few people at my adult party tonight. I've read quite a few books about content marketing.
Very few	Very little, almost none; emphasizes the degree of scarcity	There are very few trees left in this forest. She has very few opportunities to travel.

II. What are Little and A Little?

Next, to accurately distinguish between "few" and "a few," as well as "little" and "a little," you can refer to the meanings and structures of "little" and "a little" before delving into a more in-depth analysis.

What is "little"? What is "a little"? "Little" and "a little" are two quantifiers in English used in sentences to clarify the meaning in terms of quantity.

	Usage	Structure	Example
Little	Very little, not enough to use (this term tends to carry a negative connotation) Additionally, "little" can act as an adjective meaning small, young, or not serious.	Little + An uncountable noun	She has little patience for his mistakes. He has little money to spend on a vacation. Anna's little brother is very naughty. I had a little problem with my project.
A little	A small amount, but enough to do something.	A little + an uncountable noun	I need a little help with this project. Would you like a little more coffee?

Some phrases with "little" and "a little":

Phrase	Meaning	Example
Little by little	Gradually, slowly	I'm learning English little by little to prepare for my interview. She is recovering from her illness little by little.
Little or no	Very little or none	Anna has little or no experience in content marketing. The company has little or no profit this year.

III. Distinguishing Between Few, A Few, Little, and A Little in English

To better understand the differences between "few" and "a few," as well as "little" and "a little," let's refer to the following comparison table presented by PREP.

Word/Phrase	Similarities	Differences	Example
Few	They are all quantifiers indicating a small amount or quantity.	Few is used with plural countable nouns. Few means a small amount, insufficient for use (carries a negative connotation).	Few students passed the entrance university exam. Few people know about my love secret.
A few		A few is used with plural countable nouns. A few means a small amount, but it is still sufficient for use (carries a positive connotation).	I have a few friends who can help me with task. Let's take a few minutes to rest before continuing this lesson.
Little		Little is used with uncountable nouns. Little means a small amount, insufficient for use (carries a negative connotation), similar in meaning to few.	I have little money left to have a trip. I understood little of what he said.
A little		A little is used with uncountable nouns. A little means a small amount, but it is still sufficient for use (carries a positive connotation).	I need a little time to think about changing my job. Anna has a little knowledge of German.

Some in-depth notes to better understand the distinction between "few" and "a few," as well as "little" and "a little":

After the quantifiers "few" and "a few," there are plural countable nouns.
- I have few of the best colleagues in this company.
- There are few opportunities for promotion in the content creator role.
After the quantifiers "little" and "a little," there are uncountable nouns.
- I have little time to relax because I always work overtime on weekends.
- There is little hope of finding my lost cat.
The two quantifiers "little" and "few" both imply not enough/almost none, and are used in a negative context.
- I have little money to buy a new motorbike.
- There is little hope of finding the lost child.
The two quantifiers "a few" and "a little" both imply having a small amount, enough to use, and carry a more positive connotation compared to "little" and "few."
- I need a little help to finish the project.
- I'll be ready to study in a few minutes.
All four quantifiers "few," "a few," "little," and "a little" are used in affirmative sentences and are rarely found in questions or negative sentences in English.
- I have a few storytelling books.
- There is little water left in the tank.
- Few students know the advanced answer.
- I need a little help to finish this homework.

IV. Some Special Cases When Using "Few," "A Few," "Little," and "A Little"

Special Cases for "Few" and "A Few":

Few/ A few
Note	Example
In some cases, we can use "few" and "a few" to replace a specific noun that comes before, where "few" and "a few" function as pronouns. Few/a few = pronoun (without a noun following)	I have a lot of friends, but few come to visit me. (I have many friends, but few come to visit me.)
"Few" and "a few" can accompany determiners and plural nouns. The determiners include pronouns, possessive forms, articles, and demonstrative pronouns. Few/A few of + Determiner + Plural noun (s/es)	Few of my students like Pop music. I have a few of those books. All of my friends, but few of my relatives, attended the party.
"Few" and "a few" should not be used after the verb "to be."	Incorrect: The books are few. Correct: There are few books. Incorrect: Lion Park are few people today. Correct: Lion Park has few people today.

Special Cases for "Little" and "A Little"

Little/ A little
Case	Example
If the sentence already clearly conveys the meaning of quantity, the noun can be omitted.	There's water in the bottle, but I only need a little to make the cake.
"A little" can be used as a modifier in comparative sentences.	Hana is a little taller than me. John is a little more intelligent than his brother.
"Only" can be added before "little" to emphasize a small amount with a negative connotation.	Only a little orange juice remains in the bottle. There is only a little hope left for a job.
"A little" can carry a negative meaning, criticizing and preceding adjectives and adverbs.	Stella knows a little too much about Sophia. Jenny is a little careless with her work.

V. Should You Use "Few," "A Few," "Little," and "A Little" in the IELTS Exam?

In the IELTS Writing or Speaking tests, you can use "few," "a few," "little," and "a little" to describe quantities. However, these quantifiers are assessed at a medium vocabulary level, typically band 5.0 - 6.0. If you aim to achieve a higher band score, such as 6.5 or above, instead of using "few" or "a few," consider using the following structures:

Structure	Example
A small number of + plural countable noun (used in affirmative sentences)	A small number of countries experienced a decrease in population during this period. There was a small number of tourists visiting the city in winter.
Some + plural countable noun (used in negative and interrogative sentences)	Some countries did not experience any significant changes in their GDP. Were there some years when the sales of product A increased dramatically?
Not many + plural countable noun	Not many people chose to study engineering in 2020. There were not many fluctuations in the temperature throughout the year.
Nearly no + plural countable noun	Nearly no countries in this region experienced economic growth. There were nearly no sales of product B in the second quarter.

VI. Exercises on "Few," "A Few," "Little," and "A Little"

Practice with the exercises below to deeply understand and effectively remember how to distinguish between "few," "a few," "little," and "a little"!

Choose the correct word to complete the sentences:

There are…………..rabbits at the zoo. (a few /a little)
They feel sorry for her. She has………..friends. (few/ a few)
I have very…………..time for going out with my club because the IELTS contest is coming soon. (little/ a little)
Bella has been able to save…………electricity this month. (a little/ a few)
…………students passed the competition although the question was very difficult. (A few/ A little)

Answers: 1. a few - 2. few - 3. little - 4. a little - 5. a few

This article provides the most detailed distinctions and uses of "few," "a few," "little," and "a little" in English. Review carefully to know how to use these quantifiers accurately! Follow PREP for more interesting knowledge!

Master Tu Pham

Founder/CEO at Prep

Founder of Prep Smart Test Preparation Platform. With over 10 years of experience in teaching and test preparation, Mr. Tú has helped thousands of students achieve high scores in the IELTS exam. In addition, Mr. Tú Phạm is also a consulting expert in British Council programs and a speaker at many leading educational events, programs, and conferences.