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感官動詞終極指南:一次搞懂 see, hear, feel 所有用法 (V/Ving, 被動語態, 與使役動詞比較)

在PREP的英語教學經驗中,我們發現超過80%的學習者都曾被「I saw him cross」與「I saw him crossing」的差異困擾過,這正是感官動詞學習的核心難點。感官動詞是英語動詞系統中的重要分支,掌握感官動詞用法是提升英文表達精準度的關鍵。

感官動詞英文稱為Sense Verbs,涵蓋see、hear、feel、smell、taste等核心動詞,以及look、sound、appear等延伸用法。這些動詞不僅描述五官感知,更影響句型結構和語意表達。許多學習者在感官動詞後面加什麼、如何區分動態與靜態用法、何時使用原形動詞或現在分詞等問題上經常出錯。更複雜的是,感官動詞有哪些、各自的特殊文法規則、與使役動詞的差異比較,都需要系統性學習才能完全掌握。

本文將透過三大核心句型、實用比較表格、常見錯誤分析和豐富例句,幫你建立完整的感官動詞知識體系,從基礎概念到進階應用一次搞定。現在讓我們從感官動詞的基本定義開始深入探討。

感官動詞終極指南
感官動詞終極指南

I. 什麼是感官動詞 (Sense Verbs)?

感官動詞是英語動詞中用來描述五官感知的特殊動詞類別,感官動詞英文稱為 Sense Verbs 或 Perception Verbs。這類動詞分為兩大類:「感知動詞」(如 see、hear)和「狀態動詞」(如 look、sound)。

感知動詞範例:

  • I saw my neighbor walking his golden retriever in the park this morning.(我今天早上看見鄰居在公園遛他的黃金獵犬。)

  • We heard the church bells ringing during the wedding ceremony.(我們在婚禮儀式中聽見教堂鐘聲響起。)

狀態動詞範例:

  • The homemade chocolate cake looks absolutely delicious on the dining table.(餐桌上的自製巧克力蛋糕看起來非常美味。)

  • Her voice sounds nervous during the job interview.(她在求職面試中聲音聽起來很緊張。)

II. 感官動詞有哪些?

以下表格整理了常用的感官動詞,包含發音、意思和實際應用範例。

1. 基本感官動詞

動詞及音標

意思

例句

see /siː/

看見

I saw the delivery driver leaving packages at my front door yesterday.(我昨天看見送貨員把包裹放在我家門口。)

look /lʊk/

Please look at the presentation slides on the conference room screen.(請看會議室螢幕上的簡報投影片。)

watch /wɒtʃ/

觀看

The family watched fireworks exploding over the harbor on New Year's Eve.(這家人在除夕夜觀看港口上空綻放的煙火。)

hear /hɪər/

聽見

I heard my roommate practicing piano in the next room at midnight.(我聽見室友半夜在隔壁房間練鋼琴。)

listen /ˈlɪsn/

Students must listen carefully to the professor's lecture about quantum physics.(學生們必須仔細聽教授講解量子物理學。)

feel /fiːl/

感覺、觸摸

She felt the soft fabric of the wedding dress between her fingers.(她用手指感受婚紗柔軟的布料質感。)

smell /smel/

We smelled fresh bread baking in the neighborhood bakery this morning.(我們今早聞到附近麵包店烘焙新鮮麵包的香味。)

taste /teɪst/

The chef tasted the tomato soup before serving it to the customers.(主廚在為顧客上菜前先嚐了番茄湯。)

2. 延伸感官動詞

動詞及音標

意思

例句

seem /siːm/

似乎

The new employee seems very enthusiastic about joining our marketing team.(新員工似乎對加入我們行銷團隊很有熱忱。)

appear /əˈpɪər/

顯得

The museum exhibit appears more impressive under the new LED lighting system.(博物館展品在新LED照明系統下顯得更令人印象深刻。)

sound /saʊnd/

聽起來

Your travel plans to Japan sound incredibly exciting and well-organized.(你的日本旅行計劃聽起來非常令人興奮且安排周詳。)

感官動詞有哪些?
感官動詞有哪些?

III. 感官動詞用法全解析

感官動詞用法主要有三種核心句型,每種句型都有其特定的語意功能和使用時機。如果你曾經疑惑「感官動詞後面加什麼」,這一節將給你完整的解答。

1. 句型一:感知句型

這是感官動詞最重要的句型,用來描述感知到的動作或狀態。

公式:

S + V + O + V/V-ing

例如:

結構

用法

例句

S + see/hear + O + V

感知完整動作

I saw the postman deliver letters to every house on our street.(我看見郵差把信件送到我們街上每戶人家。)(全程)

S + see/hear + O + V-ing

感知進行中動作

I saw the postman delivering letters when I opened my bedroom window.(我打開臥室窗戶時看見郵差正在送信。)

原形動詞(V)表示完整的動作過程,現在分詞(V-ing)則強調正在進行的動作片段。這個差異對理解句意非常重要。

2. 句型二:連綴動詞用法

感官動詞作為連綴動詞時,後接形容詞描述主詞狀態

公式:

S + V + adj

例如:

  • The freshly baked apple pie smells wonderful in the kitchen.(廚房裡剛烤好的蘋果派聞起來很香。)

  • This handmade Italian gelato tastes incredibly smooth and creamy.(這個手工義式冰淇淋嚐起來非常滑順香濃。)

  • My grandmother looks healthier after her vacation in the countryside.(我祖母在鄉下度假後看起來更健康。)

3. 句型三:比喻推測句型

用於表達基於感官的比喻或推測。

公式:

S + V + like/as if

例如:

  • The thunder sounds like someone rolling bowling balls across the sky.(雷聲聽起來像有人在天空中滾保齡球。)

  • He looks as if he spent the entire night studying for tomorrow's final exam.(他看起來好像整夜都在為明天的期末考讀書。)

感官動詞用法全解析
感官動詞用法全解析

IV. 三大關鍵文法點:掌握感官動詞的特殊規則

感官動詞在英文文法中有其獨特的使用規則,掌握這三個關鍵文法點能幫助你避免常見錯誤,讓英文表達更加自然流暢。這些規則不僅適用於基礎學習者,對於想要精進英文寫作的進階學習者同樣重要。

1. 規則一:常與助動詞 can 連用

感官動詞經常與助動詞 can 搭配使用,表示「當下的感知能力或狀態」,而非持續性動作。這種用法強調的是瞬間的感知可能性,而不是刻意的感知行為。

範例:

  • I can see the famous Tokyo Tower from my office window on clear days.(天氣晴朗時,我從辦公室窗戶可以看到著名的東京鐵塔。)

  • We can hear the ocean waves crashing against the rocks from our beachfront hotel room.(我們從海濱飯店房間可以聽到海浪拍打岩石的聲音。)

  • You can smell the aromatic coffee beans roasting in the specialty café downstairs.(你可以聞到樓下特色咖啡廳烘焙咖啡豆的香氣。)

2. 規則二:通常不使用進行式

多數感官動詞屬於靜態動詞(Stative Verbs),描述狀態而非動作,因此通常不使用進行式。這是學習者最容易犯錯的地方,需要特別注意。

範例:

  • (❌) 錯誤: I am seeing a beautiful rainbow after the thunderstorm.

  • (✅) 正確: I see a beautiful rainbow after the thunderstorm.(雷雨後我看見一道美麗的彩虹。)

  • (❌) 錯誤: The homemade apple pie is smelling wonderful in the kitchen.

  • (✅) 正確: The homemade apple pie smells wonderful in the kitchen.(廚房裡的自製蘋果派聞起來很香。)

3. 規則三:後面接原形動詞的時機

在感官動詞 + 受詞 + 動詞的句型中,當要表達「完整動作」時,感官動詞後接原形動詞。這個規則幫助你準確表達所感知到的動作完整性。

範例:

  • I saw the delivery driver park his truck and walk to our front door.(我看見送貨司機停好卡車走向我們家門口。)

  • We heard the choir sing three complete songs during the Christmas concert.(我們聽見合唱團在聖誕音樂會中唱了三首完整的歌曲。)

  • She felt the cat jump onto her lap while she was reading the newspaper.(她在看報紙時感覺到貓跳到她腿上。)

感官動詞的範例
感官動詞的範例

V. See, Look, Watch 差在哪?Hear vs. Listen 用法深度比較

學習者最常混淆的就是同一感官動詞的不同用法。理解這些感官動詞在主動性和持續性上的差異,能讓你的英文表達更加精準。

視覺動詞比較

動詞

主動性

持續性

用法說明

例句

See

被動

瞬間

無意識看見

I saw a shooting star while walking home from the library tonight.(今晚我從圖書館走回家的路上看見了一顆流星。)

Look

主動

瞬間

有意識看

Look at the beautiful rainbow appearing over the mountain after the storm!(看那道暴風雨過後出現在山上的美麗彩虹!)

Watch

主動

持續

專注觀看

We watched a documentary about marine life for three hours yesterday evening.(昨天晚上我們花了三個小時觀看了一部關於海洋生物的紀錄片。)

聽覺動詞比較

Hear

Listen

Hear 是被動感知,表示聲音自然進入耳朵。

例如:I heard my neighbor's dog barking at the delivery truck this morning.(我今早聽見鄰居的狗對著送貨卡車叫。)

Listen 是主動行為,表示專注聆聽。

例如:Please listen to the flight announcements at the airport gate.(請聽機場登機門的航班廣播。)

Feel 既可表示觸覺感知,也可表示情感狀態,使用時需根據語境判斷其確切含義。

VI. 感官動詞的動態與靜態用法及比較句型

同一個感官動詞在不同語境下可能有動態和靜態兩種用法。

動詞

靜態用法(狀態)

動態用法(動作)

Feel

I feel exhausted after working overtime for three consecutive days.(連續加班三天後我覺得筋疲力盡。)

The doctor is feeling the patient's pulse during the examination.(醫生正在檢查中為病人把脈。)

Smell

The jasmine flowers smell fragrant in my grandmother's garden.(我祖母花園裡的茉莉花聞起來很香。)

The sommelier is smelling different wines for the tasting event.(侍酒師正在為品酒活動聞不同的酒款。)

Taste

This artisanal chocolate tastes rich and slightly bitter.(這個手工巧克力嚐起來濃郁且略帶苦味。)

The head chef is tasting the new sauce recipe in the kitchen.(主廚正在廚房品嚐新的醬汁配方。)

感官動詞也常用於比較句型中:This organic coffee smells stronger than the regular blend we usually buy.(這個有機咖啡比我們平常買的綜合咖啡聞起來更濃。)

VII. 實戰演練

透過以下兩種類型的練習檢驗你對感官動詞的掌握程度:

1. 練習一:句型選擇題

  1. I _____ my classmate studying in the library when I went to return some books yesterday. a) saw b) looked at c) watched

  2. The homemade pizza _____ absolutely delicious after baking for twenty minutes. a) is smelling b) smelled c) smells

  3. We _____ the university choir performing Christmas carols in the main auditorium last night. a) listened b) heard  c) listened to

  4. She _____ very confident during her presentation to the board of directors. a) watched b) saw c) looked

  5. Can you _____ the difference between these two types of green tea from Japan? a) taste b) feel c) hear

  6. I _____ someone calling my name while I was shopping at the grocery store. a) listened to b) heard c) listened

  7. The silk scarf _____ incredibly soft against my skin. a) is feeling b) feels c) felt

  8. My brother _____ tired after his first day at the new job downtown. a) appears b) watches c) hears

  9. The orchestra's performance _____ like angels singing in harmony. a) heard b) listened c) sounded

  10. I _____ my neighbor painted his garden fence bright yellow this morning. a) looked b) saw c) watched

2. 練習二:填空練習

  1. The coffee ______ wonderful in the café. (smell / is smelling)

  2. I saw the children ______ soccer in the schoolyard during recess. (play / playing)

  3. She can ______ the ocean waves from her beach house. (hear / heard)

  4. The violin music sounds ______ in the concert hall. (beautiful / beautifully)

  5. He looks as if he ______ been working all night on his thesis. (has / have)

  6. I ______ a beautiful butterfly in my garden right now. (see / am seeing)

  7. We ______ the professor explaining quantum mechanics in today's physics lecture. (heard / listened to)

  8. The fresh strawberries taste ______ from the farmer's market. (sweet / sweetly)

  9. The baby looks ______ after taking a long nap. (happy / happily)

  10. I felt the cat ______ onto my bed while I was reading. (jump / jumping)

3. 解答

練習一答案:

  1. a) saw - 看見某人正在做某事,用過去式

  2. c) smells - 描述狀態,不用進行式

  3. b) heard - 被動聽見表演聲音

  4. c) looked - 表示外觀狀態

  5. a) taste - 主動品嚐的動作

  6. b) heard - 被動聽見有人叫名字

  7. b) feels - 描述觸感狀態

  8. a) appears - 表示外觀給人的印象

  9. c) sounded - 聽起來像什麼

  10. b) saw - 看見某人正在做某事的動作

練習二答案:

  1. smells

  2. playing

  3. hear

  4. beautiful

  5. has

  6. see

  7. heard

  8. sweet

  9. happy

  10. jump

結論

掌握感官動詞的用法需要大量練習和實際應用。記住各種句型的差異,注意動態與靜態用法的區別,避免常見陷阱,你就能自信地運用這些重要的英文動詞。透過持續練習,感官動詞將成為你英文表達中的有力工具。

PREP——結合獨家 AI 技術的智慧學習與考試平台,幫助您高效學習英語。您可以在家自主線上學習,輕鬆準備 IELTS、TOEIC等考試,同時提升英語溝通能力。AI 科技將從基礎到進階全程支援您的學習。

如需更多課程資訊,請點擊此處立即了解!現在就下載 PREP App,開啟高品質的線上英語學習之旅。

秋贤
Product Content Admin

你好!我叫秋贤,目前在網站 prepedu.com 的部落格擔任產品內容經理。
憑藉超過5年自學英語、漢語等外語以及準備一些雅思和托業考試的經驗,我積累了豐富的經驗,為數千名在學習外語方面遇到困難的人提供支持。希望以上分享能對大家在家有效自學的過程有幫助!

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