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The correct pronunciation and usage of S ES IES Rules in English
Nouns and verbs will have completely different pronunciations after adding S ES IES Rules. In today's article, let's explore how to add S ES IES Rules to nouns, verbs, and their accurate pronunciation with PREP!
I. When to apply S ES IES Rules to words?
When should S ES IES Rules be applied to words? Let's explore the two most common methods with PREP below!
How to apply S ES IES Rules | Example |
After singular countable nouns. |
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After the third person in the present simple tense. |
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II. How to apply S ES IES Rules to nouns and verbs
When adding the suffix S ES IES, what principles should we follow? Let's explore them with PREP below!
1. Principles of adding S
Principles of adding S to nouns and verbs | Example |
When a noun or verb ends with the vowel "o" preceded by a different vowel (u, e, a, i). |
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When a noun or verb ends with the consonant "y" preceded by a vowel (u, e, o, a, i). |
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When a noun or verb ends with "f/fe" ➞ Add "s" after the word (applies only to some cases). |
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2. Principles of adding ES
Principles of adding ES to nouns and verbs | Example |
When a noun or verb ends with "s, ss, sh, ch, z, and x". |
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When a noun or verb ends with the vowel "o" preceded by a consonant. |
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Nouns like "calf, half, knife, loaf, leaf, life, self, thief, wife, wolf,..." ➞ Replace "f/fe" with "v" and add "es" after. |
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3. Principles of adding IES
Principles of adding IES to nouns and verbs | Example |
When a noun or verb ends with a consonant + "y" preceded by a consonant ➞ Replace "y" with "i" and add "es". |
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III. Pronunciation rules for S ES IES in English
There are 3 main ways to pronounce S ES IES, depending on the pronunciation of the final sound of the word, so the pronunciation will be different:
Pronunciation rules for S ES IES Rules | Example | |
/s/ | Words with a final voiceless consonant such as: /θ/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/. |
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/iz/ | When the word has a final voiceless consonant, for example: /s/ /ʃ/ /ʧ/, and final voiced consonants, for example: /z/ /ʒ/, /dʒ/. Usually, these words will end in sh, ce, s, z, ge, ch, x, ... |
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/z/ | When the word ends with other voiced consonants or a vowel. |
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IV. Exercise on applying S ES IES Rules
To reinforce your knowledge of applying S ES IES Rules, let's complete the pronunciation exercise below with PREP!
Exercise: Choose the word with a different pronunciation from the others.
1. | A. coughs | B. sings | C. stops | D. sleeps |
2. | A. signs | B. profits | C. becomes | D. survives |
3. | A. walks | B. steps | C. shuts | D. plays |
4. | A. wishes | B. practices | C. introduces | D. leaves |
5. | A. grasses | B. stretches | C. comprises | D. potatoes |
6. | A. desks | B. maps | C. plants | D. chairs |
7. | A. pens | B. books | C. phones | D. tables |
8 | A. dips | B. deserts | C. books | D. camels |
9. | A. miles | B. attends | C. drifts | D. glows |
10. | A. mends | B. develops | C. values | D. equals |
Answer:
1 - B | 2 - B | 3 - D | 4 - D | 5 - D |
6 - D | 7 - B | 8 - D | 9 - C | 10 - B |
PREP hopes that through the article about applying S ES IES Rules above, you have gained an understanding of the pronunciation rules and how to apply S ES IES Rules to nouns and verbs. Keep following PREP to stay updated with more helpful knowledge!
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